The Grand Canyon, a geological masterpiece and one of the world's most iconic natural wonders, is a vast chasm carved by the Colorado River over millions of years. Located in the state of Arizona, the Grand Canyon is a testament to the Earth's complex geological history, with its towering cliffs, intricate rock formations, and breathtaking views.

Stretching approximately 277 miles (446 kilometers) in length, the Grand Canyon is a colossal landscape that varies in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 kilometers). 

The canyon's depth plunges to over a mile (1.6 kilometers) in some areas, exposing nearly two billion years of Earth's history in its layered rock walls. Each sedimentary layer tells a story of ancient environments, from marine habitats to deserts, providing a remarkable geological cross-section.

The Grand Canyon is characterized by its South Rim and North Rim, each offering a different perspective of this natural wonder. The South Rim, more accessible and visited by the majority of tourists, provides panoramic views, hiking trails, and a range of visitor facilities. The North Rim, though less visited due to its remoteness, offers a more serene and less crowded experience, with its own set of viewpoints and trails.

The canyon's diverse ecosystems are another remarkable aspect. From the high-altitude pine forests of the North Rim to the arid desert environment of the canyon floor, the Grand Canyon supports a wide array of plant and animal life. Wildlife such as bighorn sheep, mule deer, and California condors live in the canyon, adapting to the challenging conditions of this unique environment.

A popular starting point for exploration is Grand Canyon Village on the South Rim, where historic buildings and lodges provide a charming gateway to the canyon. The Desert View Watchtower （the left bottom photo）, designed by architect Mary Colter, stands as a prominent landmark, offering panoramic views of the canyon and showcasing Native American art and culture.

Hiking at the Grand Canyon is an unforgettable experience, with trails ranging from easy walks along the rim to challenging descents into the inner canyon. The Bright Angel Trail and South Kaibab Trail are popular routes, allowing hikers to immerse themselves in the canyon's geological wonders while enjoying breathtaking views. The Rim-to-Rim Trail, a more strenuous hike, offers a unique journey from one rim to the other, providing a sense of accomplishment for those who undertake the challenge.

The Grand Canyon's geological diversity is complemented by its vibrant colors, especially during sunrise and sunset. The canyon's walls, composed of various rock layers, take on hues of red, orange, purple, and gold as the sunlight dances upon them, creating a mesmerizing display that captivates the senses.

The Grand Canyon is a masterpiece of nature, a colossal and awe-inspiring landscape that continues to capture the imagination of all who come to see it.

Discussion Questions:

1. How big is the Grand Canyon?

2. Which part of the Grand Canyon is more accessible? What activities can you do there?

3. Are there any wildlife living in the canyon? What are some examples?

4. What do you see when you hike the canyon?

5. Describe the canyon walls and its colors during sunrise and sunset.

6. Are there places like the Grand Canyon in China?

7. What is most interesting to you in this article? Why?