Solomon, the third king of Israel, was the son of King David and Bathsheba. He is considered one of the greatest leaders of Israel -- renowned for his wisdom, wealth and building projects. He also penned a number of books in the Bible -- the Song of Songs, the Book of Proverbs, and the Book of Ecclesiastes. Under Solomon, Israel enjoyed an era of security, and political and economic importance internationally.

At the age of 12, Solomon was anointed king when his older brother, Adonijah, tried to proclaim himself ruler when their father, King David, became old. Bathsheba and the prophet Nathan, along with the support of others, helped King David anoint Solomon king.

I King 2:1 - 4

When the time drew near for David to die, he gave a charge to Solomon his son.

"I am about to go the way of all the earth," he said. "So be strong, show yourself a man, and observe what the LORD your God requires: Walk in his ways, and keep his decrees and commands, his laws and requirements, as written in the Law of Moses, so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you go, and that the LORD may keep his promise to me: 'If your descendants watch how they live, and if they walk faithfully before me with all their heart and soul, you will never fail to have a man on the throne of Israel.'

Solomon Asks for Wisdom

I King 3:5 - 14

At Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon during the night in a dream, and God said, "Ask for whatever you want me to give you."

Solomon answered, "You have shown great kindness to your servant, my father David, because he was faithful to you and righteous and upright in heart. You have continued this great kindness to him and have given him a son to sit on his throne this very day.

"Now, O LORD my God, you have made your servant king in place of my father David. But I am only a little child and do not know how to carry out my duties. Your servant is here among the people you have chosen, a great people, too numerous to count or number. So give your servant a discerning heart to govern your people and to distinguish between right and wrong. For who is able to govern this great people of yours?"

The Lord was pleased that Solomon had asked for this. So God said to him, "Since you have asked for this and not for long life or wealth for yourself, nor have asked for the death of your enemies but for discernment in administering justice, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been anyone like you, nor will there ever be. Moreover, I will give you what you have not asked for—both riches and honor—so that in your lifetime you will have no equal among kings. And if you walk in my ways and obey my statutes and commands as David your father did, I will give you a long life."

Born in 848 BCE, and died at age 52 in 796 BCE, Solomon ruled as king of Israel for 40 years -- the best years in all of Israel's history -- years of peace and great prosperity. He is known as the "wisest of all the men." His wisdom is demonstrated when two mothers came before him.

I King 3: 17 – 28

One of them said, "My lord, this woman and I live in the same house. I had a baby while she was there with me. The third day after my child was born, this woman also had a baby. We were alone; there was no one in the house but the two of us.

"During the night this woman's son died because she lay on him. So she got up in the middle of the night and took my son from my side while I, your servant was asleep. She put him by her breast and put her dead son by my breast. The next morning, I got up to nurse my son—and he was dead! But when I looked at him closely in the morning light, I saw that it wasn't the son I had borne."

The other woman said, "No! The living one is my son; the dead one is yours."

But the first one insisted, "No! The dead one is yours; the living one is mine." And so they argued before the king.

The king said, "This one says, 'My son is alive and your son is dead,' while that one says, 'No! Your son is dead and mine is alive.' "

Then the king said, "Bring me a sword." So they brought a sword for the king. He then gave an order: "Cut the living child in two and give half to one and half to the other."

The woman whose son was alive was filled with compassion for her son and said to the king, "Please, my lord, give her the living baby! Don't kill him!"

But the other said, "Neither I nor you shall have him. Cut him in two!"

Then the king gave his ruling: "Give the living baby to the first woman. Do not kill him; she is his mother."

When all Israel heard the verdict the king had given, they held the king in awe, because they saw that he had wisdom from God to administer justice.

Discussion Questions:

1. 1. If God will grant you any gift, what would you choose to have? Why?

   2. Why do you think King Solomon chose wisdom?

   3. Do you really think King Solomon would cut the baby in half?

   4. Why was his solution perfect?

   5. What lesson(s) can we learn from King Solomon?