כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
To restore the song in the original language if it does not appear after clicking on the name of the song marked here with a bottom line or to find additional versions Copy/Paste the song name in the original language from this page to the YOUTUBE website
התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
The song was intended for the debut concert of the USSR Gosjaz by Viktor Knushevitsky and Matvey Blanter on November 21, 1938 in the Column Hall of the House of Unions. There it was performed by Valentina Batishcheva (jazz singer, in the 1930s she performed with jazz orchestras in the foyer of cinemas and on the stage of the then largest metropolitan restaurant "Moscow"). The song was called for an encore three times. But the first performance occurred even earlier, by chance: the last rehearsal of Gosjaz was attended by the performer of folk songs Lydia Ruslanova. She could not resist, and a few hours later sang a song from memory at a concert in the same Hall of Columns: "-How so?-Asked Lydia Andreevna musicians.-You didn't even have the notes?!-And why the notes? I remembered the song instantly!-the singer answered.-But after all, you sing Russian songs, and this is a foxtrot,-the musicians continued to wonder.-This is a beautiful Russian song,-said Lydia Andreevna. "And forgive me, I liked it so much that I couldn't resist singing it-the song demanded an immediate release!" (From the book by Gleb Skorokhodov "Secrets of the Gramophone". M.: Izd-vo Eksmo, Izd-vo Algorithm, 2004, p. 71.) The phrase "on the far border" causes false associations with the Far East-in 1937, the first combat clash between the USSR and Japan took place on the Manchurian border. But in general, the song is about the western border of the USSR-with Poland. The girl's song flies "for the clear sun after"-that is, from East to West. It was from the West that a big war was expected. This pre-war song became one of the favorite songs of the Great Patriotic War and served as the basis for a huge number of alterations. Lydia Ruslanova became her most famous performer. The song has been translated into other languages, sometimes just new lyrics in another language-for example, "Fischia il vento" ("The wind whistles"), one of the most famous songs of italian anti-fascist guerrillas.
Of Russian origin: Katyusha. Katyusha, the talisman of the International Youth Festival.The word Katyusha is a tender nickname derived from the Russian name Ekaterina. The name is fondly thought of by Russians for two main reasons, both emerging from the darkest days of the 20th century. In 1938, as the light of peace was being extinguished across Europe once again, two Russians, composer Matvey Blanter and his poet friend Mikhail Isakovsky, wrote the score and words for a song. Katyusha tells the story of a peasant girl who longs for her beloved, who is serving far away on the border. The song evokes three themes central to the Russian psyche: the loyal girl pining for her love, the heroic soldier and the Motherland. The tune is upbeat and rousing, but the themes of love, national pride and the impending sense of war are all present. Little perhaps did the song’s creators know how Katyusha’s prophetic elements would be played out, just three years later. In July 1941, the Soviet Union had already become a state full of hapless Katyushas as German armies killed or captured millions of Russian and Ukrainian soldiers. It was then, at this critical moment that female students from an industrial school in Moscow sang the song to the men marching past them to the front. The song deeply touched the soldiers and became popular throughout the USSR and Poland, a call to fight off the Nazis. At the same time, a rather different type of Katyusha was making its presence felt in the very same conflict. Mobile rocket launchers developed before the war were first used in July 1941. Multiple frames on the back of a truck enabled a battery of four launchers to hurl 4.35 tonnes of explosives onto a ten-acre impact zone from a distance of over five kilometers. The letter K on their side, from the Voronezh Komintern factory where they were built, led to the adoption of the fond name “Katyusha”. The scream of the rockets as they left the launcher also led to it becoming known as “Stalin’s Organ”. Soviet troops loved them. By the Nazi troops hearing the scream of the rockets opposite, they weren’t received so fondly. German infantry soldiers swore they would shoot on site any Soviet soldiers found operating a Katyusha. Katyusha mobile rocket launcher. So when you hear of the maelstrom of World War Two and the USSR’s fight for survival, think of the screams of the rocket launchers, and the troops marching past to fight the Germans singing this song.
"Katyusha" (Russian: Катюша [kɐˈtʲuʂə] a diminutive form of Екатерина, Ekaterina-Katherine), also transliterated as "Katûša", "Katusha", "Katjuscha", "Katiusha" or "Katjusha", is a Soviet folk-based song and military march. It was composed by Matvey Blanter in 1938, and gained fame during World War II as a patriotic song, inspiring the population to serve and defend their land in the war effort. In Russia, the song was still popular as of 1995. The song is the source of the nickname of the BM-8, BM-13, and BM-31 "Katyusha" rocket launchers that were used by the Red Army in World War II. The song is about a Russian woman called Katyusha. Standing on a steep riverbank, she sends her song to her beloved, a soldier serving far away. The theme of the song is that the soldier will protect the Motherland and its people while his grateful girl will keep and protect their love. Its lyrics became relevant during the Second World War, when many Soviet men left their wives and girlfriends to serve in World War II, known in Russia as The Great Patriotic War. Many of the men never returned home, with an estimated 8,668,400 Soviet military deaths. The lyrics are written by Mikhail Isakovsky.
Greatest World War II Weapons: The Fearsome Katyusha Rocket Launcher. INTRODUCTION. The word Katyusha brings to mind, images of the deadly rocket launcher used by the Soviets in World War II. These rocket launchers were used extensively throughout the war and were known for the powerful punch they packed. Technically designated as Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (MLRS), these were available at a fraction of the cost of an artillery gun and could literally rain hell down on the enemy in a few seconds. The Soviets mastered the balance between firepower, mobility, accuracy and cost effectiveness while designing this system, which was instrumental in making it world-famous. This article deals with the origins, capabilities, performance in WWII and the role it’s successors play in today’s battlefield.
Combat history. The multiple rocket launchers were top secret in the beginning of World War II. A special unit of the NKVD troops was raised to operate them. On July 14, 1941, an experimental artillery battery of seven launchers was first used in battle at Rudnya in Smolensk Oblast of Russia, under the command of Captain Ivan Flyorov, destroying a concentration of German troops with tanks, armored vehicles and trucks at the marketplace, causing massive German Army casualties and its retreat from the town in panic, see also in articles by a Russian military historian Andrey Sapronov, an eyewitness of the maiden launches. Following the success, the Red Army organized new Guards mortar batteries for the support of infantry divisions. A battery's complement was standardized at four launchers. They remained under NKVD control until German Nebelwerfer rocket launchers became common later in the war.
The Soviet song was first performed on November 27, 1938 by singer Valentina Batysheva accompanied by the orchestra of Viktor Knushwitzky (see above). The song was performed 3 times in an encore that evening. In the village of Vaskudi, Smolensk region, a museum of the song "Katyusha" was opened in 1984. The museum collected more than 100 "remakes" of the text, various memories related to the song, and stories about the first performances of the song. [Vladimir Leikin-zemereshet].
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION, City House of Culture "Rodi, "Katyusha", "Katyusha came ashore ...", Song of love and fidelity, Music: M. Blanter Lyrics: M. Isakovsky 1938. Performed by: Valentina Batishcheva, P. Mikhailov, V. Tyutyunnik, Song history, ... Among the age-old trees and high banks, the Ugra river carries its clear waters through the Smolensk region. Strict pines, barely audible splashing of fish in the water, the first rays of the pre-dawn sun in a light fog, awakening birds evoke the traveler who finds himself in these places, that incomprehensible Russian lyrical sadness, about which poets so love to compose their immortal creations in attempts to somehow get closer in words to things that cannot be described. The quiet rustle of grass, the unique aroma of a blossoming garden, a girl looking into the distance from a steep bank with hope and longing - perhaps just such a picture once appeared to the eyes of the young poet Mikhail Isakovsky, and the lines immediately came to mind: “... Apple trees and pears were blossoming, fogs over the river. Katyusha came ashore, On a high bank, on a steep ... " The written quatrain almost suffered the fate of a "long box". As the author himself later admitted: "... I did not know what to do next with Katyusha, whom I forced to go" to a high bank on a steep "and sing a song ...". And if the journalist Vasily Reginin in the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper Mikhail Vasilyevich Isakovsky had not introduced the composer Matvey Isaakovich Blanter on a spring day, we probably would never have become the owners of the world-famous masterpiece. The composer, showing his energetic character, began to ask Isakovsky for poems on which he could write music. Remembering the "Katyusha" he had started and giving back the lines he had written, Mikhail Vasilyevich doubted that something worthwhile could come of it. Blanter reacted to them differently: "... It was amazing ..." Katyusha "completely captured my imagination." 2 years earlier, in 1936, Matvey Isaakovich became the head of the State Jazz Orchestra of the USSR, where the then unknown jazzman Viktor Nikolaevich Knushevitsky was appointed the musical director. And Blanter wanted the song "Katyusha" to be performed at the first concert of this musical group. Leaving for Yalta, where Isakovsky was resting, Blanter insisted on writing the continuation of the poem as soon as possible. As forebodings of imminent war were worried in the air, and the Red Army had already fought in Spain and near Lake Hasan, the turbulent border situation could not be ignored even in a deeply lyrical song. so that the song "Katyusha" sounded at the first concert of this musical group. Leaving for Yalta, where Isakovsky was resting, Blanter insisted on writing the continuation of the poem as soon as possible. As forebodings of imminent war were worried in the air, and the Red Army had already fought in Spain and near Lake Hasan, the turbulent border situation could not be ignored even in a deeply lyrical song. so that the song "Katyusha" sounded at the first concert of this musical group. Leaving for Yalta, where Isakovsky was resting, Blanter insisted on writing the continuation of the poem as soon as possible. As forebodings of imminent war were worried in the air, and the Red Army had already fought in Spain and near Lake Hasan, the turbulent border situation could not be ignored even in a deeply lyrical song. "... Oh you, song, girlish song, You fly after the clear sun, And to the fighter on the far border . Say hello from Katyusha ..." Here the phrase “on the far borderlands” is interpreted by researchers in different ways. In I. N. Rozanov's book “The Song of Katyusha as a New Type of Folk Art. / Russian folklore of the Great Patriotic War. " it is assumed that the song means the western border of our country, namely with Poland. After all, the girl's song flies "following the clear sun" - that is, from the East in the West direction, since it was from that side that they expected a big war. However, opponents of this theory, proceeding from the line "I came out, started a song about the steppe gray eagle", believe that the mentioned steppe eagle (Latin Aquila rapax) is a bird of prey, the nesting area of which covers Southeastern and Southwestern Siberia, Front, Central and Central Asia to western China, northwestern, central and southern Africa (sub-Saharan Africa) and India. AND, the correlation is just with our Far Eastern borders. It is difficult to say what kind of borderland Mikhail Isakovsky meant, but the song was finished literally in a few days. For the first time "Katyusha" sounded on November 27, 1938 in the Column Hall of the House of Unions in Moscow. Together with the orchestra under the direction of Viktor Knushevitsky, it was performed by Valentina Alekseevna Batishcheva, a jazz singer who performed with jazz orchestras in the lobbies of cinemas and on the stage of the then largest Moscow restaurant in the capital. The officer corps, which filled the hall, called the song for an encore three times. Matvey Isaakovich Blanter wrote: "When, after our entire program, this girl came on stage and sang a song, there was a groan of applause in the audience." But there is also an opinion that the first performance took place a little earlier, and even then, by accident: at the last rehearsal of the new State Jazz orchestra, Lydia Ruslanova turned out to be. And she could not resist "- How so? - the musicians asked Lydia Andreevna. - You didn't even have notes ?! - Why notes? I remembered the song instantly! - answered the singer. “But you sing Russian songs, and this is a foxtrot,” the musicians continued to wonder. “This is a wonderful Russian song,” said Lidia Andreevna. “And forgive me, I liked it so much that I could not resist singing it - the song demanded an immediate release!” (From the book of Gleb Skorokhodov "Secrets of a gramophone". M .: Publishing house Eksmo, Publishing house Algorithm, 2004, p. 71.) Meanwhile, the song spread faster than the wind across the country: it was picked up by Lydia Ruslanova, Georgy Vinogradov, Vera Krasovitskaya, and after them professional and amateur groups; it was sung in cities and villages, at demonstrations and at home. "Katyusha" has become not only famous, but also piercingly dear and sincerely close to millions of Soviet people. The image of a simple Russian girl with the tender name Katyusha, a faithful and loving friend of her border guard fighter, was harmonious and timely in her appearance. And then the War came. And "Katyusha" sounded with different intonations and in a different context. Folklore is boundless in its form: “songs-responses” to the call of the heroine of the song immediately appeared, and Katyusha herself became both a nurse and a fighter, and a soldier waiting with victory, and a partisan. The Katyusha made a strong impression not only on our soldiers, but also on the fascists. Especially in the performance of the most formidable artillery weapons of the Red Army - the BM-8 and BM-13 mobile rocket launchers. The first salvo from it on July 14, 1941, was fired by the battery of Captain Ivan Andreevich Flerov, who posthumously received the Hero's Star for those battles only in 1995. This happened near the Belarusian city of Orsha, very close to the Smolensk homeland of the song. “Greetings from Katyusha,” the soldiers said. And the hello was so hot, and the song image so vivid that the girl's name instantly replaced the official abbreviation. And here is an excerpt from the recollections of a soldier who fought near Leningrad, when the enemy was only 700-800 meters away: “In clear weather, the sounds of harmonicas, which the Germans loved to play, could be heard from there, the song“ Mayn Gretchen ”was heard. And one day, at a late hour, a voice was heard, amplified by a megaphone: "Rus Ivan, sing to Katyusha!" The Germans, you see, remember this song well, because we often sang it. The artillery major attached to our unit, also taking a megaphone, shouted: "Gut, you will have Katyusha, ain the moment!" Shouting "ain moment" again, the major waved his hand to the drivers sitting in the cabins, and they pressed the buttons one by one. The night exploded with the piercing howling of rockets flying. On the other side, everything was clouded with smoke, ammunition exploded, logs of dugouts, light weapons flew into the air, screams were heard. The Katyushas did their job well. " There is one more important fact, which also, apparently, influenced the appearance of the "name" in these mortars. The used rockets with incendiary filling were marked "KAT" - "Kostikova automatic thermite". It is noteworthy that in July 1941, when the "Katyusha" was first used by Flerov's battery, the actual nickname "Katyusha" was not yet carried by rocket launchers. But already in September 1941, when the 8th separate guards rocket mortar division was sent to Odessa, the rocket mortars already had the nickname "Katyusha". The BM-13 mortars were a relatively simple weapon consisting of guide rails and a guidance device. It was inaccurate, but very effective, especially when used massively. And the emotional effect, experts say, was absolutely amazing: “... during the salvo, all the missiles were fired almost simultaneously - in a few seconds the territory in the target area was plowed up by heavy rockets. At the same time, the deafening howl that the rockets raised during the flight literally drove you crazy. Those who did not die during the shelling often could no longer offer resistance, as they were shell-shocked, deafened, completely psychologically suppressed ... ”. It was not difficult for the new name to take root, since the appearance of weapons in combat units coincided with the growing popularity of the song "Katyusha". The music was close and understandable, the rhythmic pattern also did not cause difficulties, so the Soviet soldiers easily came up with their own lyrics for a well-known motive: each of them turned to the image of his beloved, even if not with the name Katyusha, everyone wanted to convey their love, their hope, his oath of allegiance to the girl and the Motherland. And here is an interesting story that happened to this version of the song to the tune of "Katyusha": Our cherry orchard is in bloom again, And fogs float over the river. Katya Ivanova went out to a high bank, to a steep one. She came out - firmly decided To take revenge on the enemy for her Motherland, How much will, how much strength is enough, Not sparing youth in battle. The military pilot and local historian Nikolai Semenovich Sakhno from the Krasnodar Territory, after conducting his own research, discovered that Katya Ivanova had a very real prototype - a brave, proud, but at the same time, modest and very beautiful girl from the village of Medvedovskaya in the Kuban. Having volunteered for the front, Katya immediately fell under Stalingrad, where she was both a nurse and a machine gunner. And as part of the communications company of the aviation regiment, she passed her heroic combat path from the Volga coast to the Balkans. She was awarded military awards and commendations from the command. At the front, Ekaterina Andreevna Ivanova married officer Andrei Andreevich Eremenko. Once a local history teacher visited the Eremenko couple. Recalling the fiery years during the warm friendly conversation, it suddenly became clear that Ekaterina Andreevna has carefully kept the handwritten text of the song about Katya Ivanova since the war, and on the yellowed sheet of paper the postscript of their author, a tank officer, that these verses are just about her! Ilya Selvinsky, a participant in the battles in Kerch, told no less interesting story: “One day in the evening, during calm hours, our soldiers heard from a German trench located nearby,“ Katyusha ”. The Germans played it once, then put it on a second time, then a third ... This angered our fighters, they say, how can vile fascists play our Katyusha ?! This will not happen! We must take the Katyusha away from them! ..In general, the matter ended with the fact that a group of Red Army men quite unexpectedly rushed into the attack on the German trench. A short, lightning-fast fight ensued. As a result, the Germans did not even have time to come to their senses! - "Katyusha" (plate), together with a gramophone, was delivered to their own. " And the song itself during the war and after it became sung and loved also abroad. For example, in Italy it is known in two versions: "Catarina", as well as "Fischia il vento" ("The wind blows"), which became the anthem of the resistance movement fighters in Italy and France. "Katyusha" sounded even in the Vatican, where, after the liberation of Rome, partisans came to meet with the Pope. To some, the heroine of the song seemed to be Jeanne D Ark, to others the Madonna of Sistine or Smolensk. And to Comrade Sukhov - Katerina Matveyevna. Katyusha is well known in other countries: in the post-war years it was popular in Japan, in Tokyo even one cafe was named after Katyusha. The song reached Japan, Korea, China and the United States. Probably, this is the most famous Russian Song in the whole world. The words of the song were awarded the Stalin Prize, and their author, Mikhail Isakovsky, gave the Katyushins money to his fellow countrymen. And on Victory Day, May 9, 1949, a new club was opened in the Smolensk village of Vskhody, where Katyusha was the birthday girl, and a memorial stone was erected on the bank of the Ugra River just on the steep bank. In 1985, the Katyusha Song Museum was opened. The exposition and funds of the museum gradually collected a large number of personal exhibits, which made it possible to rename it the memorial museum of Mikhail Vasilyevich Isakovsky. In the summer of the same year, the XII World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Moscow, for which it was necessary to come up with a symbol, a certain password. And guests from all over the world in the capital were greeted by a pretty, cheerful, smiling, affable girl with an affectionate and familiar melodious name Katyusha. Like the famous Olympic bear cub, she became famous all over the planet. And, of course, a wonderful song composed in honor of her sounded everywhere. "Hello, Katyusha!" - spoke to her in all languages.
Songs of the Roads of War. Katyusha, Vladimir Kalabukhov, The lyrical song "Katyusha", which glorifies the romantic image of a girl waiting for the return of a border guard soldier guarding the distant borders of the Motherland, is well known and loved by Russians. Its authors are the poet M.V. Isakovsky and the composer M.I. Blanter. The song appeared in 1938, quickly became famous, and in the Great Patriotic War the national name of the song "Katyusha" received the Guards mortar BM-13. Closely intertwined are the history of the song and the history of that no less famous system of multiple rocket launchers, which inflicted the first blow on July 14, 1941 on the German-occupied city of Rudnya in the Smolensk region. "I know that the prototype of Katyusha was the wife of a border guard from Primorye, Ekaterina Alekseeva, so the song "Katyusha" is our Vladivostok song. If a monument to Katyusha appears in the city, the place of its installation will be a favorite meeting place for citizens. The idea of immortalizing the song by means of monumental art is very interesting, I support this project," said Valery Mikhailovich Rozov (born 1943), Chairman of the Vladivostok City Duma, in 2011. And such a monument to the song and its heroine was built with the money collected by the people in 2013 on one of the city boulevards! The idea of making the song "Katyusha" a symbol of Vladivostok was also discussed. The history of the creation of the song "Katyusha", its front-line versions were written by A. Lukovnikov in the book "Katyusha. Stories about songs" (Moscow, 1985), Yu.E. Biryukov in his multi-volume anthology, Valentina Ponomareva and other authors of pages on the Internet, where you can listen to performances of this famous song. In 1938, the State Jazz Orchestra of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established in Moscow under the direction of M.I. Blanter and V.N. Knushevitsky, and in February 1939 the premiere of the program prepared by him took place. Among the new songs performed for the first time in this program was "Katyusha". It was sung accompanied by the orchestra by soloist Valentina Batishcheva (the audio recording is on the Internet). Soon the song began to be sung by other singers and singers - Georgy Pavlovich Vinogradov (1908 - 1980), Lydia Andreevna Ruslanova (1900 - 1973), Vera Izrailevna Krasovitskaya (1913 - 1982), and after them - professional and amateur choral groups, army ensembles. It was sung in villages and cities, at demonstrations and festivities, or even just in the home circle, at the festive table. As soon as it appeared, this song became famous, dear and close to millions of people. How was the song "Katyusha" born? Mikhail Vasilyevich Isakovsky (1900 - 1972) began to write poems of the future song in early 1938. The poet composed the first two stanzas, and then the work stalled..."I didn't know," Isakovsky later recalled, "what to do next with Katyusha, whom I forced to go to the 'high bank on a steep one' and sing a song. Therefore, the poems had to be postponed..." And maybe they would have remained unfinished if it were not for the composer Matvey Isaakovich Blanter (1903 – 1990). He once asked Isakovsky if he had any poems on which to write music. "I remembered Katyusha," Isakovsky continued, "and I replied: "You know, there are poems, and apparently they can be put to music, but the trouble is that they are not finished: I wrote only eight initial lines. - Can you now rewrite those eight lines for me? "Of course I can," I agreed, and immediately, sitting at a table, I wrote: Apple and pear trees bloomed, Mists floated over the river. I went to the shore of Katyusha, To a high bank on a steep one. It came out, the song started About the steppe gray eagle, About the one I loved, About the one whose letters I cherished..." Isakovsky, by his own admission, soon forgot about this conversation, not believing that something could come of unfinished poems. The composer was extremely carried away by Isakovsky's melodious lines. "Katyusha" took over my imagination without a trace," says Blanter. - Listening to the words of Isakovsky, I noticed that in the poem his very sonorous intonation. And, in particular, this: "shore, to the shore!" What a bizarre game of accents!" Many options were composed by the composer, until, finally, the wonderful melody of "Katusha" was born. But the song still wasn't there, as the poem was still unfinished... This continued until the summer of the same year, when the authors met again, and Isakovsky gave Blanter several versions of the ending of the song. "We chose from them the lines about the border guard soldier, whom Katyusha loves and is waiting for," the composer recalls. Isakovsky explained the birth of these lines: "We seemed to have already anticipated the war, although we did not know exactly when and from where it could come. However, not only did we anticipate that there would be a war, but to a certain extent we had already experienced it: after all, in 1938 the flames of the war in Spain were still burning; in the same year, the Red Army was forced and fought heavy battles with Japanese samurai at Lake Khasan; it was not very calm on our western borders either. For these reasons, the theme of the Motherland, the theme of protecting it from the encroachments of the enemy was the most important, the most paramount, and I, of course, could not pass it by even in a lyrical song. So a new theme entered the Soviet song lyrics - the theme of the love of a girl and a warrior, a defender of the Motherland ... In the mouths of millions of people, "Katyusha" sounded like a song not about the sadness of separation and separation, but about the duty of a fighter, about the girl's loyalty in love, about the great patriotic feelings of the Soviet people. Not just a lyrical song about the love of a girl and a warrior was born, but about such love that inspires pride and vigor, strengthens faith in it, helps the defender of the Motherland to fulfill his duty. That is why it was perceived by the people as deeply modern, carrying an important social, patriotic idea. Katyusha sounded in a new way during the Great Patriotic War. Dozens of new versions of this song appeared among the people, "answers" to it. Whoever the heroine of the song was in them: a fighter with a machine gun in his hands, and a faithful friend of the soldier, waiting for his return with victory, and a front-line nurse. During the war, they also sang about Katyusha the partisan, "who passed through the forests and villages in a narrow partisan path with the same cheerful song that once sang over the river." But katyusha lived not only in songs in that harsh time. In her name, the people affectionately "christened" a new formidable weapon that terrified the enemy - rocket-propelled guards mortars. And songs were soon composed about these "Katyusha": There were battles at sea and on land, Shots rumbled around - Sang katyusha songs Near Kaluga, Tula and Oryol. The song became very popular abroad as well. She served as a kind of password for young people around the world at nternational festivals, and by the XII World Festival of Youth and Students held in Moscow in the summer of 1985, it was decided to create a souvenir in her honor. Numerous guests of our capital were met by a cute, cheerfully smiling, friendly girl with an affectionate and familiar to all, melodious name Katyusha. Like the famous Olympic bear, it became known to the whole planet. And, of course, everywhere there was a wonderful song composed in honor of her. KATYUSHA Apple and pear trees bloomed, Mists floated over the river. I went to the shore of Katyusha, To a high bank, on a steep one. She came out, the song started About the steppe gray eagle. About the one she loved, About the one whose letters she cherished. Oh, you, the song, the girl's song, You fly for the clear sun after And to the fighter on the far border from Katyusha say hello. Let him remember a simple girl, Let him hear her sing, Let him protect his native land, And Katyusha will save love. Apple and pear trees were blooming, mists floated over the river. I went to the shore of Katyusha, To a high bank, on a steep one. The history of the BM-13 rocket artillery combat vehicles, popularly called "Katyusha", can be found on the Internet. Up to sixteen 132-millimeter caliber shells weighing more than 70 kilograms were each fired in a few seconds. They reached the target at distances of over 8 kilometers. Such weapons have not yet been in any army in the world. Several types of wheeled and tracked vehicles were quickly converted into self-propelled launchers, many Soviet factories were manufacturing mine-missiles for Katyusha. Katyusha rocket artillery combat vehicles passed from Moscow to Berlin, ensuring the offensive of our troops along the entire front. The role of Katyusha in the defense of the capital is not forgotten by the descendants of the winners: several museums in Moscow and on the territory of the Compressor plant have monuments to the legendary Guards mortar. And many of its creators during the war were awarded high state awards. Monuments – "Katyusha" on granite pedestals – stand in Rudnya and Nizhny Novgorod, in Krasnodar, in Chelyabinsk and Balashikha, in Belarusian Orsha, in Ukrainian Kharkov and Poltava region, in Perm and in other places where they were produced and where they helped to crush the fascists. On the Internet - video clips and tracks with the song "Katyusha". It is sung by: – Valentina Alekseevna Batishcheva, the first performer of this song; - Vera Izrailevna Krasovitskaya (1913 – 1982); – Georgy Pavlovich Vinogradov (1908 – 1980), Honored Artist of the RSFSR; - Lidia Andreevna Ruslanova (1900 –1973), Honored Artist of the RSFSR. Watch the video clip and listen to the song "Katyusha" performed by Anna Victoria German (1936 – 1982): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u20NMcfdGCg. Based on materials of Internet sites. Return to the content of the collection "Songs of the Roads of War" – http://www.proza.ru/2015/02/16/1876. 2015 – 2020, © Copyright: Vladimir Kalabukhov,2015 Certificate of Publication No. 215030201950.
https://soundtimes-ru.translate.goog/populyarnye-pesni/katyusha?_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=scKatyusha.///Mysterious Russia. For foreigners, our fatherland invariably arouses great interest, and therefore millions of tourists come to us every year. They want to see firsthand the homeland of Alexander Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Yuri Gagarin, as well as admire the ballet of the Bolshoi Theater and make sure that bears roam Red Square. In addition, foreigners associate Russia with nesting dolls, balalaikas , felt boots, samovars and, of course, with one of its musical symbols - the song "Katyusha", which, as soon as it appeared, immediately gained such popularity that it was ranked among the national treasures of our people. The history of the creation of the song " Katyusha ", as well as interesting facts, text and content of the composition, read on our page. Short story, By 1938, the same age as the century, a talented poet, Mikhail Isakovsky, who began his creative career at a young age in his native Smolensk region, had been successfully working in Moscow for seven years. Songs based on his poems, mostly devoted to rural themes, immediately received nationwide fame and were successfully sung throughout the country, both by professional performers and amateur art participants. Mikhail Isakovsky. Mikhail Vasilyevich approached the creation of his texts very responsibly and therefore worked on them slowly, nevertheless, the poet wrote two quatrains in one breath about a girl named Katyusha, who, having stepped out onto the river bank, sang a song about her lover. However, later the composition of the text slowed down, since Isakovsky could not decide where to further direct the storyline of this composition. However, the poet did not become obsessed, but simply postponed the poems until better times, when he was suddenly again visited by special inspiration. This happened at the beginning of 1938, and a few months later, or rather in April, there was a meeting that turned out to be fateful for the future famous song. In the literary department of the Pravda newspaper, the poet Mikhail Isakovsky met the composer Matvey Blanter, who not only served as the artistic director of the State Jazz Orchestra of the USSR, but also established himself as a composer of popular songs. Matvey Blanter. In a conversation, the composer asked the popular poet if he had any poems to which he could write music and, accordingly, transform them into a song. It was then that Mikhail Vasilievich remembered his unfinished poems about a girl named Katyusha. With a reservation about the incompleteness of the poetic text, he wrote down eight composed lines on a piece of paper and handed them to Blanter. The composer, having read the quatrains, immediately felt an unusual melodious intonation in them, however, while composing a melody, he went through many options until he found, in his opinion, one that deserved attention. A month later, Blanter saw Isakovsky again, and at the meeting he informed the poet that the music for his poems had been written and the song was good, and therefore the matter must be completed, that is, the words must be added. For Mikhail Vasilyevich, who did not like being pressured and driven into work, these were difficult days, but nevertheless, he provided the composer with six discrepancies of the final verses of the song, later called “Katyusha”, at the appointed time. Matvey Isaakovich liked the version more, in which the girl Katyusha lovingly conveyed her greetings to the border guard who was guarding the Motherland. Protecting the homeland from the encroachments of enemies at that troubled time, when Japanese samurai constantly staged provocative sorties near Lake Khasan, and Spain blazed in the flames of war, was paramount and therefore they could not pass by it even in a lyrical composition. The premiere performance of the song "Katyusha", as promised by Blanter, took place at the debut concert of the State Jazz Orchestra conducted by Viktor Knushevitsky in November 1938 in the Column Hall of the House of the Unions. The composition was so enthusiastically performed by twenty-two-year-old Valentina Batishcheva that the audience choked with applause from the audience, who asked the singer to perform this song three more times for an encore. The first recording of "Katyusha" was made in the following 1939, and subsequently the outgoing records were sold out with a rush demand. As a result, the composition instantly gained popularity and was sung in cities and villages, at pop venues and festive family feasts. Interesting Facts, During the Great Patriotic War, the affectionate name "Katyusha" was dubbed the BM-13 volley fire fighting vehicle, which terrified the Nazis. There is no single version of why the formidable rocket weapon began to be called that, but there are several options that are considered the most reasonable. According to one of them, for the first baptism of fire, in July 1941, the calculation of Captain Flerov, in order to destroy accumulations of military equipment and manpower of the enemy stationed at the Orsha railway junction, was located on a high mountain. A powerful fiery avalanche, accompanied by a sharp sound made by a peculiar plumage of missiles fired and inflicting heavy damage on the enemy, impressed the soldiers serving the gun so much that they enthusiastically compared what was happening with the Katyusha song. There are other versions according to which the legendary weapon of the Second World War received a cute girl's name. It is possible that its name is associated with the factory marking of the manufacturer of the first machines, that is, the letter "K" of the Voronezh plant named after. Comintern, as well as the marks "CAT" on the rockets used on them. Another fact speaks in favor of the version according to which the volley fire weapon was named "Katyusha" in honor of the song of the same name. Due to the secrecy of the BM-13, the command ordered the soldiers to use the words “Play” or “Sing” instead of the commands “Volley” and “Fire” when shelling enemy positions. The song of Blanter and Isakovsky "Katyusha" during the Great Patriotic War was so popular that it became an informal symbol of the period of severe trials for our country. The text of the composition was folklore altered in different plot directions. To the motive of “Katyusha”, the soldiers, in lines that were not quite perfect, but coming from the heart, promised their loved ones to defend their Motherland without sparing their lives. In front-line alterations, it was told about the courage of the soldiers of the Red Army, about the partisan movement, about brave girls who, being nurses, pilots and snipers, fought heroically with the enemy along with men. For example, one version of the song was dedicated to Katerina Pastushenko, a brave machine gunner who destroyed many Nazis. After the war, researchers collected more than a hundred adaptations of the legendary song. During the Second World War, in some countries the song "Katyusha" sounded like an anthem calling for the struggle for liberation against the fascist invaders. Today, no one can say for sure how the Katyusha got to Europe, which was ruled by the Nazis, but according to one version, it was taken over from Soviet prisoners of war who escaped from Nazi camps, and then fought in the Resistance. So in Italy, on the motive of "Katyusha", the commander of a partisan detachment, twenty-five-year-old doctor Felice Cachone, in 1943 composed a patriotic song that begins with the words "The wind whistles." The melody of "Katyusha" also formed the basis of the anthem of the participants of the National Liberation Front of Greece, which united during the Second World War various patriotic forces of the country in the fight against fascism, and the Bulgarian partisans used the song as a password. ncredibly, the variant reworkings of the song "Katyusha" were also sung by foreigners who fought on the side of Germany. Namely, the Spanish "Blue Division" had an unofficial march called "Primavera" - a modified version of a popular Soviet song. The Spaniards heard "Katyusha" when they got to the front line near Leningrad. They liked the motive so much that they composed their own words and marched to it with great pleasure. In 1943, Mikhail Isakovsky received the Stalin Prize for a number of his poetic works, including "Katyusha". After the liberation of his native Smolensk region from the Nazis, the poet sent this reward to his countrymen for the construction of the House of Culture. Initially, residents of the small settlement Vskhody on the banks of the Ugra River rolled out a large boulder and attached a copper plate with the image of a girl and lines from the famous composition to it, and then decided to organize the Katyusha Song Museum. For almost forty years, the workers of the House of Culture, built at the expense of Mikhail Vasilyevich, collected everything that was connected with the life and work of an outstanding fellow countryman. The memorial museum of Isakovsky and his song "Katyusha" was opened in 1985. Isakovsky often mentioned the name Katyusha in his poems. When the poet was asked about this question, he always evaded the answer. Perhaps Mikhail Vasilievich did not want to bring to the public discussion what concerned his personal life. Nevertheless, many researchers of Isakovsky's work constantly mention one woman who was called by that name. This is the first teacher of the poet Ekaterina Sergeevna Goranskaya - an amazing woman who played a very important role in his creative development. At present, the legendary song "Katyusha" is well known and sung in different countries of the world. Her translations and various text variant transcriptions sound in many languages, including Italian, German, French, Japanese, Mongolian, Vietnamese, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Czech, Hebrew, English. However, it is worth noting that our Katyusha is so loved in China that they consider it a folk song and march in military parades to its sounds. In the Celestial Empire, a television channel broadcasting in Russian is named "Katyusha", and Chinese pop singers today create such interesting versions of a popular composition that they are blowing up the Internet. "Katyusha". In this lyrical composition, with great sincerity, the bright romantic relationship of a simple Russian girl and her lover, a border guard defending the borders of the Motherland, is sung. The authors of the song enthusiastically reveal the theme of love and fidelity at the same time, instilling pride and evoking patriotic feelings, reminding them of loyalty to military duty - to defend their native Fatherland. The composition opens with a description of a peaceful spring landscape adorned with blossoming apple and pear trees, as well as mists floating over the river. Then the author in the text tells about the girl Katyusha, who comes to the river bank and sings a song - hello, addressed to her cordial friend, serving far on the border. The girl assures her beloved that she also carefully guards their love, as he protects the peace of the Motherland. It should be noted that "Katyusha", concluded by the authors in five verses, is distinguished by the organic unity of the poetic text and melody. On the one hand, the frankness of poetic lines (trochee with cross-rhyme), and on the other hand, the simplicity of a dance-marching, bright, memorable melody, are talentedly combined by the poet and composer into a single whole, filled with great lyrical power and charm. " Katyusha ". At the present time, this song, created by the poet Mikhail Isakovsky and the composer Matvey Blanter, is called the most famous, since, having managed to conquer almost the whole world, it has become truly international. During the Second World War, it warmed the souls of soldiers with its warmth, and also ignited the hearts of resistance fighters and as a result became a memorable symbol of the Great Victory in a bloody war. 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75 years ago, one of the most terrible viruses known to mankind, fascism, was defeated. Undoubtedly, the strength of the spirit of Russian soldiers, love for their country, responsibility to their descendants made this event possible. But during the war years, the song was often the only thing that could warm the soldier, give him strength and faith in an early victory. The Katyusha became the most important and main for the Russian fighters. Lyrics. The famous "Katyusha" was born a few years before the Great Patriotic War, in 1938, through the efforts of the poet Mikhail Isakovsky and the composer Matvey Blanter. According to the memoirs of the authors, Isakovsky wrote the first bright and memorable eight lines, and then he had a creative stupor. However, when the poems came to the composer and he "felt" a suitable melody, Isakovsky, willy-nilly, had to write a sequel. Like a true artist, Mikhail Vasilyevich added… eight different versions! Matvey Isaakovich chose the one that impressed the poet himself more. Despite the fact that the war had not yet begun at that time, there was already a premonition of it. On this basis, the romantic idea of a plot about a girl yearning for her beloved, who had gone to the front, was born. The first performer of the song in the fall of the same year was the soloist of the jazz orchestra Valentina Batishcheva. And the song was performed three times as an encore! Easy and catchy melody quickly became popular and went to the people. Song of Victory. The war broke out. "Katyusha" in this hard times helped to survive, raising morale, strengthening the fighters' faith in inevitable victory. A very curious story was described by war correspondent Ilya Selvinsky, who participated in the battles on the Kerch Peninsula: - Once in the evening, during calm hours, our soldiers heard from a German trench located nearby, "Katyusha". The Germans lost it time after time. This angered our fighters, they say, how can vile fascists play our song ?! Do not be this! In general, the matter ended with the fact that we quite unexpectedly rushed to attack the German trench. A lightning fight ensued. As a result, the Germans did not even have time to come to their senses! - "Katyusha" (record), along with a gramophone, was delivered to their own. Katyusha the machine gunner. By the way, there were many real heroines with a song name at the front. One of them is senior sergeant Ekaterina Pastushenko, a brave machine gunner, awarded the Order of the Red Star, who destroyed many fascist submachine gunners. On January 13, 1943, a fierce battle began in the canal area outside the village of Alexandrovsky, Stavropol Territory, then the battle moved to a hill. And suddenly the machine gun, which defended the lines of the soldiers of the 151st Infantry Division, fell silent. Ekaterina Pastushenko bandaged the wounded. Without hesitation, she rushed to the machine gun, lay down and at the right moment, when the Germans came very close, opened fire. She destroyed 30 Germans, thwarted the attack of the enemy. For the feat, Catherine was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. And after 3 days in the army newspaper "On Storm" the poem "Our Katyusha" was placed on the motive of Matvey Blanter. Katyusha folk. And of course, "Katyusha" was rewritten in every possible way. Pavel Lebedev, a researcher of front-line folklore from Saratov, discovered in the newspaper of the Karelian Front "Sentinel of the North" dated May 25, 1943, the text of the soldier's "Song of Katyusha" was first published there, then included it in the song collection: A mother writes to her own son from a collective farm village: “Tell me, dear Vanya, how are things going. Tell me how you fight, how many Fritz killed And what kind of Katyusha did you fall in love with at the front? - Listen, mother, my own son, without hiding, I will tell you: I have never met such a friend anywhere else. I confess that Katerina is sweet and dear to me. From our love and friendship there is no rest for the enemy. The author of the text is machine gunner Vasily Shishlyakov, who fought on the Karelian front. He recalls: “Now I myself can’t believe how, being an ordinary soldier, and even in the terrible conditions of the Arctic, I could engage in literary work. In the short hours of rest, somewhere in the “fox hole” or behind the stone quarry, called the firing position of the mortars, poetic lines were born. I wrote on a plywood board, which I always kept in a gas mask bag that hung on my left side. These boards were convenient in that they replaced not only paper, but also a table. When the text was finally polished, I rewrote it on paper sheets, which were occasionally given to me by the company's political instructor, Senior Lieutenant Ivan Sinitsyn. He scraped the board with a knife, and it was possible to write on it again. Not just a name. A few years later, combat installations of the times of the Great Patriotic War - BM rocket launchers, which terrified the Nazi troops, began to be firmly associated with this affectionate female name. Where the name came from will probably never be known. It is possible that the fighters of the rocket artillery battery themselves gave their combat vehicles the affectionate Russian name Katyusha. Maybe it was done by the designers, engineers, workers who created it. One way or another, but as soon as these never-before-seen cars appeared at the front, they all began to be called “Katyushas”. That's what it means to "go to the people"! Well, it is impossible not to mention that Katyusha has become international. The Italian partisans knew it, in Bulgaria it was considered a partisan anthem for a long time, in France the song was widely known among the ranks of the Resistance fighters. - "Katyusha" has become one of the most famous songs of our time, - said the composer Tikhon Khrennikov. - It is difficult to find a country on our planet where this song is not known. It ceased to belong to its authors, became popular, moreover, international. The Ukrainian poet Andrey Malyshko, who visited the United States of America after the war, once heard how "Katyusha" was sung on cotton plantations in Oklahoma!. It was only the beginning. On the eve of 1944, envoys from General Alexei Nesterenko, who commanded a large military guard unit, armed with the same BM rocket launchers - Katyushas, arrived in Moscow to Mikhail Isakovsky. Alexey Ivanovich asked Mikhail Vasilyevich to write a new song about Katyusha. Only her heroine was supposed to be another, not lyrical Katyusha. Isakovsky complied with the general's request. Already in early January, the “Song about Katyusha” was ready: Both at sea and on land On the roads of the front The Russian "Katyusha" is walking, Walks at a fighting pace. Clean up the Germans. He beats the bastards clean, And he won't ask for his last name And don't cry...The music for this "Katyusha" was written by Vladimir Zakharov. And very soon, performed by the Pyatnitsky choir, a new song sounded first in Moscow, and then throughout the country, as well as on the fronts of the still ongoing war. Yaroslav NAPASNIKOV. INSERTS. In the village of Vskhody, Ugransky district (not far from the village of Glotovka, the birthplace of M. Isakovsky), the Museum of the Song "Katyusha" is located in the House of Culture. There is an opinion that the music of the song was not written by Blanter, since a similar melody sounds in Stravinsky's opera Mavra (1922), later adapted into Russian Chanson (1937).
https://www.gazeta.ru/culture/2018/02/09/a_11643289.shtml///Golden Blanter: "Katyusha" and other songs///115 years ago the author of "Katusha" Maxim Blanter was born///Anastasia Lisitsyna///Vladimir Savostyanov/TASS///On February 10, the famous Soviet composer-songwriter, author of the songs "Katyusha" and "In the Forest of the Frontline", Matvey Blanter, was born.///Blanter School///The future composer was born 115 years ago - February 10, 1903. He was one of four children in the Jewish family of merchant Isaac Blanter and actress Tatiana Vovsi. On the eve of the First World War, the family moved from Bryansk Pochep to Kursk, where Matvey not only studied at a real school, but, in addition, sang in the choir and played in the orchestra of the local drama theater.///"When I was little, about five or six years old, my mother sent me to a neighbor for vinegar. As the neighbor searched the pantry for vinegar, my gaze fell on the piano. I couldn't resist, I had to touch the keys. I was bewitched by its sound. A neighbor allowed me to occasionally go to it and play the piano. Parents saved up money for the instrument. And I was taught to play the piano by a Czech named Erno Costaval" (from Blanter's memoirs).///After real school, Blanter studied a lot. He graduated from the Kursk Music College in piano and violin, after which he went to Moscow and continued his education at the Music and Drama School of the Moscow Philharmonic Society (now - GITIS - "Gazeta. Ru»). He studied violin with Alexander Mogilevsky, music theory with Nikolai Potolovsky and Kochetov, and composition with Georgy Konyus.///Music by Blanter///In the early 20s, the already certified theater composer became the head of the musical part in "Mastfor" (variety and artistic studio "Workshop of H. M. Forreger").///"At our performances it was possible to see Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vsevolod Meyerhold, and Alexander Tairov. N.M. Foregger was especially successful in theatricalizing songs. Somewhere he got hold of an "Album of Western Fashion Dances." When the source dried up, I had to try to compose myself. The first song was "John Gray" (foxtrot), the lyrics of which were written by V. Mass. Then there were other foxtrots, and tango - "Fujiyama", "Baghdad", "Stronger than Death". At the time, I was considered a foxtrotchick," Blanter recalled.///Blanter's track record includes work in the Moscow Review Theater of the House of Press, the Leningrad Satire Theater, the Agitation Brigade in Magnitogorsk (now the Magnitogorsk Pushkin Drama Theater), the Mobile Theater of the Krokodil magazine, the Gorky Theater of Miniatures.In the 30s, "Song about Magnitogorsk" and "The boy was spanked in Irkutsk", the ballad "Partizan Zheleznyak" and "Song about Shchors" appeared, which were included in the repertoire of Utesov and Ruslanova.///Blanter's Katusha///Military songs brought great popularity to the composer: "Goodbye, cities and huts" (under this song recruits went to the front), "My Beloved", "Fire", "In the Forest of the Frontline", "How a Soldier Served", "Song of War Correspondents", "Under the Balkan Stars" - about 50 songs in total.///The real symbol of the war was "Katyusha" to the words of Mikhail Isakovsky - despite the fact that the song was written three years before the outbreak of hostilities in the USSR, in 1938. At the same time, it was first performed together with the State Jazz Orchestra of the country, the artistic director of which was then Blanter. "In the autumn of 1938, as promised by M. I. Blanter, the first concert of the State Jazz Orchestra took place. At the concert, Katusha was performed for the first time, which was immediately liked by everyone. This is where her march across our country began," Mikhail Isakovsky recalled in an interview. It didn't stop there for one country. The popularity of Katyusha quickly went beyond the borders of the USSR. During the war, the song was sung by members of the Resistance Army in France and Italy, it is also known in the United States and Japan. In the USSR, according to one version, a combat vehicle of rocket artillery of the "BM" series was named after the song. At the same time, new "frontline" verses appeared: "Let Fritz remember the Russian Katyusha, Let him hear her sing: From enemies shakes out souls, And gives his courage!" "Heads scattered and carcasses Tremor beats a German across the river This is our Russian Katyusha Nemchure sings for rest."///"Katyusha" became one of the most popular and favorite songs and, as they say in such cases, "went to the people." Over the years, it was sung by Vera Krasovitskaya, Lidia Ruslanova, Georgy Vinogradov, Eduard Khil, Anna German, Dmitry Hvorostovsky and other singers. And at the festival of military equipment "Army-2015" "Katyusha" sounded in six languages, including Chinese.///Blanter Gold///Blanter's post-war songs enjoyed unprecedented popularity. They were performed by Leonid Utesov, Georgy Vinogradov, Sergey Lemeshev, Joseph Kobzon, Yuri Bogatikov, Lidia Ruslanova, Mark Bernes, Leonid Kharitonov, Bulat Okudzhava, Alexandrov Song and Dance Ensemble and others.///"Enemies burned down their native hut", "It's better not to have that color", "Migratory birds are flying", "In the city garden", "Let's sit down, friends, before a long road" (a favorite song of Soviet cosmonauts), "Black-eyed Cossack", "The sun disappeared behind the mountain", a cycle of songs-reflections on the poems of Okudzhava - Blanter wrote more than 200 songs. He also has a suite for voice and orchestra, operettas, music for performances, films and radio plays. The composer's music was included in the golden fund of Soviet culture.///»... Amazing music. But perhaps his most remarkable song is "Migratory Birds Are Flying" (1948). And what a name! ... The song called for a feat, and its last words "I don't need a foreign sun, I don't need a foreign land" sounded like a call to the Soviet soldier. After performing this song, I began to receive streams of letters from radio listeners. And when I sang it in the Hall of Columns, I saw tears in the eyes of the audience. I performed many songs by M. Blanter, but none of them sang with such enthusiasm, with such love as this" (from the book by the singer Vladimir Bunchikov "When the Soul Sings").
http://www.historyonesong.com/category/historyonesong/katyusha////The song "Katyusha". Chapter 2. Lyrics, variants///Comments 8 »///September 16| 2009 author: aka "Alexander Vasiliev"///Here it is, a beautiful poem by Mikhail Isakovsky: Apple and pear trees were blooming, mists floated over the river. I went to the shore of Katyusha, To a high bank, on a steep one. She came out, the song started About the steppe gray eagle. About the one she loved, About the one whose letters she cherished. Read the full entry»///The song "Katyusha". Chapter 1. History of the song.///September 15| 2009 author: aka "Alexander Vasiliev"///... Among the centuries-old trees and high banks, the Ugra River carries its transparent waters through the Smolensk region. Strict pine trees, the barely audible splash of fish in the water, the first rays of the pre-dawn sun in a light fog, awakening birds evoke to the traveler who finds himself in these places, that incomprehensible Russian lyrical sadness, about which poets are so fond of composing their immortal creations in an attempt to somehow approach in words to what is impossible to describe. The quiet rustle of the grass, the unique aroma of a blooming garden, a girl looking into the distance with hope and longing from a steep bank - perhaps such a picture once appeared before the eyes of the young poet Mikhail Isakovsky, and the lines immediately came to mind: "... Apple and pear trees were blooming, mists floated over the river. I went to the shore of Katyusha, To the high shore, to the steep ..." Read the entry in full»
https://defencyclopedia.com/2016/02/20/greatest-world-war-ii-weapons-the-fearsome-katyusha-rocket-launcher////FEBRUARY 20, 2016 BY N.R.P///Greatest World War II Weapons : The Fearsome Katyusha Rocket Launcher///INTRODUCTION///The word Katyusha brings to mind, images of the deadly rocket launcher used by the Soviets in World War II. These rocket launchers were used extensively throughout the war and were known for the powerful punch they packed. Technically designated as Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (MLRS), these were available at a fraction of the cost of an artillery gun and could literally rain hell down on the enemy in a few seconds. The Soviets mastered the balance between firepower, mobility, accuracy and cost effectiveness while designing this system, which was instrumental in making it world-famous. This article deals with the origins, capabilities, performance in WWII and the role it’s successors play in today’s battlefield.///ORIGINS///The development of the Katyusha began as early as 1938 itself, when the Jet Propulsion Research Institute (RNII) in Leningrad was authorized to develop an MLRS. Initial large-scale testing began by the end of 1938, where it failed to impress the Soviet artillery branch due to its many drawbacks. They were then rectified, and in 1940, the Katyusha was authorized to be produced in limited numbers.
https://song-story.ru/katyusha/#:~:text=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB,%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%BB%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8E.///The history of the song "Katyusha"///April 22, 2015 Tags: war songs , Matvey Blanter , Mikhail Isakovsky , songs about war Comments: 15///What musical composition remains a symbol of the Great Patriotic War for you? For me, the main Soviet military song is the unforgettable Katyusha.///It is not as solemn as the " Holy War ". It is not as touching as " Dark Night ". She is not as groovy as " Darkie ". It was not as popular as "The Blue Handkerchief ". But for some reason, it is the first thing that comes to my mind when I think about the music of the Second World War.///Probably, this preference is rooted in childhood, when my friends and I did not miss a single film about the war and idolized military artillery vehicles, nicknamed “Katyushas”.///The history of the song "Katyusha"///In fact, this is a pre-war song by the composer Matvey Blanter with lyrics by the poet Mikhail Isakovsky .///Mikhail Vasilievich wrote the first lines at the beginning of the thirty-eighth year. The first two quatrains were quickly given to him, and then the work stalled. Hereinafter, the memoirs of the classic: I did not know what to do next with Katyusha, whom I forced to go “to the high bank, to the steep one” and sing a song.///He decided to leave the poem for later, hoping that inspiration would visit him in the future.///In the spring, Isakovsky went to the editorial office of Pravda, where he met Blanter. The composer asked if he had any poems that could be set to music. Mikhail Vasilyevich offered Matvey Isaakovich the unfinished Katyusha.///In the summer they met again. Blanter said that he had already prepared the music for the song "Katyusha", but the words should be added. Isakovsky promised to get down to work, but at first things got in the way, and then he went to Yalta for a month, completely forgetting about the unfinished text.///Unexpectedly for the poet, Matvey Isaakovich found him in the Crimea. The composer said that the State Jazz Orchestra of the USSR under the direction of Viktor Knushnevitsky was founded in the capital, and the new group is going to play Katyusha at their debut concert. Accordingly, Isakovsky must finish the song as soon as possible.///For the poet, this was not an easy task: I immediately set to work, although it was extremely difficult for me: outside the home, outside the familiar environment, I almost cannot work, I can’t do anything.///A couple of days later, Mikhail Vasilyevich gave Blanter several versions of the ending of the poem, but recommended paying attention to one version that seemed to him the most successful. The same words of "Katyusha" liked Matvey Isaakovich.///On November 28, 1938, a jazz orchestra performed. The public was able to listen to the song "Katyusha" for the first time. Wikipedia claims that it was performed by Vera Krasovitskaya, Vsevolod Tyutyunnik and Georgy Vinogradov. Some researchers claim that Valentina Batishcheva sang it then.///In 1939, the Leningrad plant released a record with Katyusha, on which Valentina Batishcheva, Vsevolod Tyutyunnik and Pavev Mikhailov are listed as performers of the song.///They say that Lidia Ruslanova heard the song at the rehearsal of the State Jazz Orchestra. Having no notes, she memorized the composition, and sang "Katyusha" in the same hall in a few hours. Later, the great Russian singer often performed "Katyusha".///The meaning of the song "Katyusha"///The main character of the poem is the girl Katya. She is waiting for her lover, who is serving somewhere far away on the border.///Have you ever wondered who is being sung about in Katyusha? Did the characters in the poem have prototypes?///Isakovsky did not say whether he meant real people. Most likely, this story is the fruit of his imagination. But the author recalled where the idea came from to introduce a Red Army soldier into the text of "Katyusha":///Times were troubling then. It was as if we already had a presentiment of war, although we did not know exactly when and from where it might come. However, we not only had a presentiment that there would be a war, but to a certain extent we were already experiencing it: after all, in 1938 the flames of war were still burning in Spain; in the same year, the Red Army was forced to fight and fought heavy battles with the Japanese samurai near Lake Khasan: it was not very calm on our western borders either.///So "Katyusha" became a patriotic song: For these reasons, the theme of the motherland, the theme of protecting it from encroachments by the enemy, was the most important, the most paramount theme, and, of course, I could not get past it even in a lyrical song.///Front song "Katyusha"///When the war with the Nazis began, many popular pre-war songs went with the Soviet soldiers to the front. Numerous folk versions of the words of the song "Katyusha" were born in the trenches. The main character tried on the roles of a partisan, a nurse and a soldier of the Red Army.///Already at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, soldiers called "Katyushas" mobile rocket launchers. Most likely, the nickname appeared due to the marking "CAT" on the shells.///On the eve of the 44th year, Lieutenant General of Artillery Alexei Nesterenko asked the author to write a front-line version of the Katyusha. Mikhail Isakovsky wrote the following text: Both at sea and on land On the roads of the front The Russian "Katyusha" walks, Walks with a fighting step. He mows the Germans clean, He beats the bastards clean, And he won’t ask for his last name, And he won’t let you cry ...///It was set to music by composer Vladimir Zakharov. Soon the song was performed by the Pyatnitsky choir.///Such a front-line version of the Katyusha is also known.///Versions of the song "Katyusha"///Russian bibliologist Ivan Rozanov has compiled a collection of more than a hundred variations of the text of the song "Katyusha". It has been translated into Greek, Italian, French and many other languages. There are also many folk adaptations. All this speaks of the incredible popularity of the famous musical composition.///It was performed by many popularly beloved Soviet artists. Let's listen to how Anna German sang "Katyusha".///Interesting Facts///The Katyusha Song Museum operates in the village of Vskhody, in the Ugransky district, not far from the village of Glotovka, where Mikhail Isakovsky was born.///For the opera Mavra (1922), Igor Stravinsky wrote a melody similar to the music of the song Katyusha.///Song "Katyusha" in questions and answers///Who wrote "Katyusha"?///The author of the words of the song is the poet Mikhail Isakovsky. The music was composed by composer Matvey Blanter.///When was Katyusha written?///Does the song date from 1938?///Who was the first to sing "Katyusha"?///For the first time the composition was played by the Knushevitsky State Jazz Orchestra.///How many popular versions of the words "Katyusha" are known?///There are more than a hundred of them in the collection of Professor Rozanov.///The text of the military song "Katyusha"///Apple-trees and pears blossomed, Fog floated over the river. Katyusha went ashore, On a high bank on a steep one. She came out, started a song About the steppe, gray eagle, About the one she loved, About the one whose letters she cherished. Oh you, song, girl's song, You fly after the clear sun. And say hello to the fighter on the far border from Katyusha. Let him remember a simple girl, Let him hear how she sings, Let him protect his native land, And Katyusha will save love.
https://journal--shkolniku-ru.translate.goog/katyusha.html?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc///Song "Katyusha" (history of creation and text of poems)///Mikhail Isakovsky///Poems, which later became a song called "Katyusha", I began to write at the beginning of 1938. I can say that the first eight lines, that is, the first half of "Katyusha", were written immediately, without much effort. But then work stalled. I did not know what to do next with Katyusha, whom I forced to go "to the high bank, to the steep" and sing a song. Therefore, the poems had to be postponed for the time being, although I definitely liked the beginning of them.///In the spring - at the end of April or at the beginning of May - I went to the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper on some business. There - in the literary department - I first met and got acquainted with the composer Matvey IsaakovichBlanter, who already "listed" several very popular songs, such as, for example, "PartizanZheleznyak", as///"Matvey Isaakovich immediately began to ask if I had any verses that could be written to music. I remembered the Katyusha I had begun and answered: “You know, there are poems, and, apparently, they can be set to music, but the trouble is that they are not finished: I wrote only eight initial lines.///“Can you rewrite these lines for me now?”///“Of course I can,” I agreed.///And then, sitting down at some table, he wrote: Apple and pear trees blossomed, Fogs floated over the river. Katyusha went ashore, On a high bank, on a steep one. She went out, started a song About the steppe gray eagle, About the one she loved, About the one whose letters I took care of/// ...I handed over what I had written to Blanter and, to be honest, I soon forgot about it.///However, in the summer, when on some occasion I met Matvey Isaakovich again, he told me that he wrote the music for Katyusha, that, in his opinion, the song turned out to be good, but it was necessary to add words.///I promised that I would. But for some reason I could not do it right away, and then - in August - I left for Yalta for a whole month.///And suddenly, quite unexpectedly for me, Blanter appeared in Yalta and, having learned about my whereabouts, came to "adjust" me. He told me that the State Jazz Orchestra was organized in Moscow, led by V. Knushevitsky. In the near future, the first performance, the first concert of this jazz will take place. "Katyusha" is already included in the program of the first concert, and I must immediately finish it.///Matvei Isaakovich promised that in two days he would come to me again and that he hoped to take with him the completely complete and final text of Katyusha.///I immediately set to work, although it was extremely difficult for me: outside the home, outside the familiar environment, I almost cannot work, I can’t do anything.///But it was necessary to finish the song at all costs,///I have not kept any drafts or any recordings from those days, but I remember that two days later I gave the composer five or seven versions of the finished "Katyusha" - they say, choose any ...I myself, however, I singled out one option that seemed to me the most successful, and I made a corresponding note on it. After it turned out that Blanter liked this option the most. Thus, the words "Katyusha" were approved by both of us. Times were troubling then. It was as if we already had a presentiment of war, although we did not know exactly when and from where it might come. However, we not only had a presentiment that the war would come, but to a certain extent we were already experiencing it: after all, in 1938 the flames of war were still burning in Spain; in the same year, the Red Army was forced to and fought heavy battles with the Japanese samurai near Lake Khasan: it was not very calm on our western borders either.///For these reasons, the theme of the motherland, the theme of protecting it from encroachments by the enemy, was the most important, the most paramount theme, and, of course, I could not pass it by even in a lyrical song.///In the autumn of 1938, as promised by M. I. Blanter, the first concert of the State Jazz Orchestra took place. At the concert, "Katyusha" was performed for the first time, and everyone immediately liked it. From here, her march across our country began.///However, the story of "Katyusha" does not end there. It probably just getting started. And therefore it is worth telling something about "Katyusha" additionally.///A year later (and maybe even earlier) "Katyusha" crossed the borders of the Soviet Union.///In any case, as early as September 1939, the population of Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia, which had hitherto been under the rule of the Polish lords, greeted our liberating army with the singing of Katyusha.///During the Great Patriotic War "Katyusha"///In the autumn of 1957, when I arrived in Italy, I was told that at least eighty percent of the Italian population knew the Katyusha. The poet A. Prokofiev also wrote about this, arguing that the "Katyusha" was ahead of the partisan detachments Almost all of Italy went through.///It is curious that the Soviet soldiers who fought in the partisan detachments of Italy, on the days of victory, when the Pope wished to see them, entered the Vatican singing "Katyusha".///The Katyusha also reached the United States of America. Having been there shortly after the war, the Ukrainian poet Andrei Malyshko wrote in one of his poems: Negroes sang the Russian "Katyusha", the one that Isakovsky wrote.///In recent years, Katyusha has become very popular in Japan. There is still a cafe in Tokyo called "Katyusha" where this song is played at least once during the evening.///Katyusha is also known in many other countries.///The popularity of "Katyusha" in our country is evidenced, in particular, by the fact that in the war and post-war years there were many alterations of "Katyusha", "answers" to it, continuations, imitations, and the like.///The first alterations and "answers" became known during the Finnish campaign ("I am in Finland, Katyusha," wrote an unknown author...), but there were especially many of them later - during the Great Patriotic War. Alterations adapted to local conditions were sung almost everywhere. In these alterations, Katyusha was portrayed not only as a girl who loves and waits for her lover, but also as one who herself fights enemies, being in a partisan detachment; she is also at the front: “A simple girl with a gun,” she and a nurse: “Katya will tightly bandage her wounds, carry her out of the battle in her arms.” The late professor I. N. Rozanov collected about 100 alterations, continuations of "Katyusha" and "answers" to it.///A very interesting story was told to me back in the days of the war by the poet Ilya Selvinsky, who participated in the battles on the Kerch Peninsula.///One day in the evening, during calm hours, our soldiers heard from a German trench located nearby, "Katyusha". The Germans played it once, then put it on, a second time, then a third ... This angered our fighters: they say, how can vile fascists play our "Katyusha" ?! Do not be this! It is necessary to take away "Katyusha" from them! ..///In general, the matter ended with the fact that a group of Red Army soldiers quite unexpectedly rushed to attack a German trench. A short, lightning-fast fight ensued. As a result, the Germans still did not have time to come to their senses! - "Katyusha" (record), along with a gramophone, was delivered to their own.///Katyusha also has a slightly different continuation. The fact is that "Katyushas" at the front began to be called jet mortars - a formidable weapon for enemies of that time. Alterations of "Katyusha" also appeared on this topic, like this: "Katya" came up to the front. Carrying shells behind her, And she started such a song, That the Nazis raised a howl.///On the eve of 1944, envoys from General A. I. Nesterenko, who commanded a large military guard unit armed with Katyushas, came to me in Moscow. A. I. Nesterenko asked me, since the new weapon of the Red Army is named after my song "Katyusha", then, they say, it would be good if I wrote a new song, already about another "Katyusha".///I complied with the general's request. Already at the beginning of January, the “Song about the Katyusha” was ready. It began like this: Both at sea and on land, The Russian “Katyusha” walks along the front lines , Walks with a fighting step. And it won't let you cry...The music of the new Katyusha was written by V. G. Zakharov. ongoing war.///I briefly told the story of the song "Katyusha". I talked mainly about my work. Meanwhile, each song usually has two authors - a poet and a composer. And if I have said almost nothing about the work of a composer, it is only because I do not consider myself in any way competent in music. At the same time, the popularity of a song depends not only on the author of the words, but - probably even to a greater extent - on the author of the music, on his skill, on his talent.///That is why the success that fell to the share of the song "Katyusha" does not belong to me alone. Composer Matvey Isaakovich Blanter shares it with me with full right.///KATYUSHA///Apple and pear trees blossomed, Fog floated over the river. Katyusha went ashore, On a high bank, on a steep She came out, started a song About the steppe gray eagle. About the one she loved, About the one whose letters she cherished. Oh, you song, girlish song, You fly after the clear sun, And say hello to the fighter on the far frontier . From Katyusha. Let him remember a simple girl. Let him hear her sing. Let him protect his native land, And Katyusha will save love. Apple-trees and pears blossomed, Fog floated over the river. Katyusha went ashore, On a high bank, on a steep one. 1938
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