כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
To restore the song in the original language if it does not appear after clicking on the name of the song marked here with a bottom line or to find additional versions Copy/Paste the song name in the original language from this page to the YOUTUBE website
התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
Notes written by Izzy Hod: Murka is a common name for domestic cats in Russia and it is also the name of a woman, who was actually a dangerous panther, about whom the song of that name, Murka, was written, in 1923. But some people think they heard the song in 1919. But then the heroine of the song was called, Lyubka and the melody and the content is the same as the song with the heroine of the song, Murka. Who the original Murka was is still unknown, but there is a list of several women, known by name, whose lifestyle matches that of Murka, mentioned in the original poem. Some of them belonged to the army of, Nastor Makhno, an anarchist of the Russian Civil War, who operated in the port city and also smuggling city, Odessa, some of them formed revenge gangs for the death of a family member in the revolution and even opposed the Russian Revolution of 1917, and some of them were women who engaged in prostitution and handed over officers from the White Tsarist army to the Red regime of the 1917 revolution in Russia . There is another opinion, seemingly delusional, that Murka was an agent of the N.K.V.D. who was later called the K.G.B., the Russian internal security institute and lived peacefully the rest of her life, in retirement, or at least until the beginning of the Second World War in Russia in 1941. There was also Murka, a Jew, named Sara or Chaya, who got involved with a Russian security officer and than became an alleged traitor to her criminal gang. One member of the gang, named Rabinovitch, was chosen to kille her, but he missed the target and she was only slightly injured. In the 1920s, the song was popular in the criminal world, among thieves. In the 1930s, it was sung also in the working class. In the 1940s of the same century, it was also sung by the generation of boys and girls in the cities and later also in the villages. In Russia, the song is still very popular, even among the popular folk singers, and the song has many versions, some of which are not so cruel in content, but all of them were derived from the brutal original song, from the world of crime. The song is already known as a folk song, but even a folk song always has authors, and as for Murka, some attribute the words and sometimes the melody to an unknown poet, named Yakov Petrovich Zhydov [known as Yakov Petrovich Yadov, Yakov Davydov, Yakov Petrovich Davydov, Zhgut Yakov Botsman, Yakiv Otruta, Yakiv Botsman, Pchela Yakiv Yadov, Yakiv Petrovych Yadov, Yakiv Davydov, Yakiv Petrovych Davydov, Yakiv Bauman] and the melody, by an unknown composer, named Oscar Davidovich Struck. On the other hand, the poet, Zhydov, probably wrote an early version and not necessarily the classically known version of the song and the composer Struck began to write tango tunes, like the melody of the song, Murka, only about ten years after the appearance of the lyrics of the song, Murka. The song tells about a woman, who headed a gang of road robbers and was called the Robber Princess and the name of the song and even the lyrics of the song, were changed many times over the years, but the content of the lyrics remained the same as in the first version. The same Murka, apparently, according to some versions of the song, fell in love with a policeman and maybe even married him properly and then eventually betrayed her friends including her lover in the gang, handed them over to the police and was punished for that, by execution according to the underworld court. This song is one of the prominent examples of a long line of songs, from the style called in Russia, Crime songs. Some authors, suggested a connection between the appearance of Murka's bandits, and the short period after the civil war in Russia [1922-3], in which a spring of a free market economy in Russia [Operation of the New Economy, N.E.P.-New Economy Project], was introduced by Lenin and Trotsky and to a certain extent flourished the crime. The song, indeed, appeared for the first time, in 1920, in Odessa, the port city on the Black Sea coast, in Ukraine and the first name of the song's heroine was then Lyubka and then, in another version, Masha and another version Murkina and Marusia and finally Morka. Murka, is the criminal name of the name, Maria, and is also derived from the name of the Criminal Investigation Department in Russia, Mur, M.U.R., which was established in 1918 and began operating in 1920, the year of the first performance of the song, Murka. Yakov Petrovich Zhydov, who lived in Odessa, is today considered the poet of the original song and another poet named Bublikov [no other details are known], probably composed words, for another version of the song. In some versions, the poem begins with the sentence, gang [from the district, or from a river, or from a neighborhood, in Odessa or from Amur] came to Odessa. Another version stated that the gang came from a place called Slavko, in a town called Dnepropetrovsk [previously called: Yekaterinoslav], near Odessa, which is probably the birthplace of the song. In other versions out of about twenty-five versions, Rostov or Petrograd were mentioned as the cities from which Murka's gang came to Odessa. Even if, according to one version, Murka was executed, by her gang in the city called Amur, the other opinion is that Amur was indicated, due to a mistake, because there was a gang of robbers, named, Mur, an imitation of the name of, Investigation Division Crime in Russia, who came from Moscow, to join Murka's gang, which was operating in the Odessa area, possibly a unit of the Chaka [Executive Division of the Soviet Security Service] under the cover of a criminal gang, in order to penetrate deep into the world of crime, in Odessa, and eliminate it. The one who collaborated with the Chaka, was actually Misha [Mishka] Japonchik [born Moiseik Wolfovich Vinnitsky], who was both an Odesa gangster, Jewish revolutionary, and a Soviet military leader who was later the inspiration for an imaginary character named Benya [Ben Zion] Kerik, apparently a Jew, who was the crime king of Odessa but only in the stories told during this period. The Jewish writer, Isaac Babel, wrote about him in his book, Tales of Odessa. Misha Yapunchik was shot and killed by a local commissar probably in 1919. And above all, despite the many data that connect to a seemingly romantic and possible plot, there is still no proof that such a plot took place at all, but the song, Murka, itself, is, apparently, an eternal song. The song was included in the movie, called, a meeting place that cannot be changed. In the film, there is a war of the Soviet secret police, after the civil war, against a criminal gang, called the Black Cat. In the plot, the police investigate the murder of a famous stage actress and the violent activities of a criminal gang called the Black Cat. Finally, it was found that the head of the Black Cat gang murdered the actress and not her husband, who was initially suspected. The content of the song lyrics tells the following stories, A woman was the leader of the gang, and her name was, Murka. She was cunning and brave. Even the evil men were afraid of her. she led a thief's life. One day, many of the gang members began to disappear. It was important to find out, who of the gang became a traitor, in order to punish him for treason. If we will know what happened, or will hear what happened, then we will not wait too long, and we will Let our knifes or pistoles talk. We went to a restaurant. There sat, Murka, in a leather jacket, A revolver was sticking out from it. She was talking to police agents. Listen, Murka, what's the matter? What did you do, didn't we dress you? didn't we give you rings and bracelets, skirts and jackets? Hello our, Murka, hello dear, Hello our, Murka and goodbye! You gave all our friends to the police and now you will get a bullet to your head for that!
The song appeared in the 1920s in Odessa and changed for a long time. In the early versions, the heroine was called Masha or Lubka. The song's original name is probably "Love." The authors have not been identified. There is a version that the author of the text was odessa poet Yakov Yadov, but there is no direct evidence. Sometimes the song begins with the words "The gang from Cupid arrived in Odessa" (or "from Amurka"). There is no consensus on what kind of "Amur" it is. Fima Giganets (see below) suggested that this was what some area of Odessa once called. Another version, more plausible, was sent on August 31, 2006 to the guest site a-pesni yuz-yuser Slavko from Dnipropetrovsk: "It is once Ekaterinoslavsky, and now Dnipropetrovsk "Amur" (Amur-Nizhnedneprovsk district)-the historical district of the city, it still enjoys bad fame. In the 80s our school teacher Ivan Efremovic told us about it-a funny man, an artist and a connoisseur of folklore."
In this case, the gang came from Ekaterinoslav - not far from Odessa. But then there is also a contradiction: Murka in this version of the song killed on Amurka, but how could it be, if the gang toured in Odessa, and it is in Odessa is all the action?. Amurka or Cupid appeared as a distortion from "Arrived in Odessa gang because of the MUR" (Moscow gang who fled to Odessa from the officers of the Moscow Criminal Investigation). The main song about Murka was the famous in the 20s Odessa song about Lubka-dove.///Some researchers attribute her authorship to the Odessa poet Yakov Yadov. However, this cannot be said with full confidence. Konstantin Paustovsky, who worked with Yadov in the 1920s, wrote in "A Tale of Life": "Even the omniscient residents of the city could not remember, for example, who wrote the song "Hello, my Lubka, hello, dear..."
Recently, there was also a version that the author of the music to "Murka" is a wonderful composer Oscar Strok-which, however, has not yet been confirmed. The most intimate text in this collection is Masha. The main character, Masha, in addition to the "bandit of the first category", is drawn as the mistress of the Urkaganov ("masha," "mashka" on an old hairdryer and meant "lover"). However, the song tells only about joint carousels, there is not even a mention of "thieves' life" and "speech" on the "council", and that the "bandit" "feared evil urks." It all came later. The text "Love" given in our collection, in relation to "Masha" is more recent - and by no means the original Odessa "Lubka"! Both "Masha" and "Lubka" were written in 1934 by a student of N. Holina (stored in the Central State Archive of Literature and Art). By the mid-30s, "Lubka" and "Masha" had also coexisted, later renamed Murku. Metamorphosis occurred when, the song from Odessa came out on the wide expanses, the USSR and got to the capital. In the 20s and 40s, "murks" were called employees of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MUR).Mishka Yaponchik (born Moisei Wolfovich Vinnitsky; 30 October 1891-29 July 1919) was an Odessa gangster, Jewish revolutionary, and a Soviet military leader. At the time of the Jewish pogroms in October 1905 Vinnitsky participated in the Jewish self-defense. Later he joined the organization of anarchists-communists Molodaya Volya (Young Will). It was probably during that time that he received his famous street name, "Mishka the Japanese", presumably for the shape of his eyes. Another version suggests that he began to be recognized by this name after he narrated a story that he heard from a Portuguese sailor to his Odessa friends about a Japanese gang from Nagasaki. The story was about Japanese gangsters who set up rules for their "business" and never trespassed them. Yaponchik offered this example for his buddies to follow. In 1907 Vinnitsky was sentenced to death by hanging for the assassination of the chief of the Mikhailov police precinct in Odessa V.Kozhukhar, This sentence was later commuted to a term of 12 years' hard labor (katorga). The Yaponchik's cult of personality was so strong in Odessa that it was used as a prototype by Isaak Babel as Benya Krik in his "Odessa Tales".Traces of his personality can also be found in the artistic works of Alexander Rozenbaum. A Russian biographic television series based on Yaponchik's life, The Life and Adventures of Mishka Yaponchik (Жизнь и приключения Мишки Япончика), also titled internationally as Once Upon a Time in Odessa, was released in 2011.///Blatnyak (criminal folklore,) is the song genre that sings of life and customs of the criminal world, originally meant for the milieu of prisoners and people close to underworld. The genre originated in the Russian Empire and spread in the Soviet Union and subsequently in the CIS countries. With the lapse of time this genre came to include songs beyond criminal subjects, however keeping the specific genre features, i.e. melody, slang, narration, and outlook. Since the 1990s criminal songs in the Russian musical industry have been marketed as the «Russian chanson». As a rule, the criminal folklore does not directly glorify cruelty and murders; rather, the authors try to somehow justify representatives of the criminal world, telling about the atrocities of life and blat prisoners’ way of living in prison. The cult of mother is also quite characteristic of these songs. In the mid 19th century there were the so-called “songs of freedom and bondage”, “gangsters’ songs”, “convicts’ songs”, and “gaol songs”. The Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who was a prisoner of the Omsk convict prison in 1851—1854, in The House of the Dead quotes different genre samples that he derived from the prison environment. The term of “criminal song” arose in the early 20th century, along with the arrival of performers of such music on variety stage. At that time there developed fashion for the so-called “tramp” or “ragged” genre, caused by the society’s heightened interest in the outcast people, who were represented in literature as victims of social injustice, or as bearers of rebellious spirit. For the first time a prison song was performed on stage in Maxim Gorky’s play The Lower Depths on the stage of Moscow Art Theatre in 1902. The formation of the genre was deeply influenced by the city romance. In 1923 the composer Oscar Strok in Odessa wrote a classical tango song to the lyrics of the journalist and screenwriter Jacob Yadov. The song Murka in the following years turned to be a widely popular folk criminal song, with its lyrics changed by some unknown authors, who added some slang words. The tune of this song is sang in a den of thieves by the protagonist of the famous feature film The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed, which is set in autumn of 1945 in Moscow. The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed, film. Plot. The film is set in post-World War II Moscow. Lieutenant Vladimir Sharapov (Vladimir Konkin) is a young reconnaissance officer and a decorated war veteran who has just returned from the war and is assigned to peacetime service with the famous MUR (Moscow Department of Criminal Investigations). There he becomes part of an elite detective team led by the brilliant, tough, no-nonsense Captain Gleb Zheglov (Vladimir Vysotsky). The duo becomes embroiled in two seemingly unrelated investigations: that of the murder of young aspiring actress Larisa Gruzdeva, and the hunt for a brazen, vicious gang of armed robbers that calls itself "The Black Cat" and constantly manages to evade capture. While suspicion in Gruzdeva's murder initially falls on her estranged husband Dr. Gruzdev (Yursky), it gradually becomes obvious that the two cases are connected, as a Black Cat mobster known as Fox (Aleksandr Belyavsky) is implicated in the murder. As a result of Zheglov's successful high-stakes operation to capture Fox, Sharapov inadvertently finds himself undercover at the Black Cat hideout, sparring with the gang's menacing leader, the Hunchback (Armen Dzhigarkhanyan). What ensues is arguably one of Soviet television's most memorable and suspenseful finales.//////The history of one song. Murka. "Murka" is truly a national masterpiece, everyone knows it. That's just where, by whom, about whom and how this thug song appeared, we somehow no longer think about it. "Murka" everyone knows. And from small to large. It is definitely included in the restaurant repertoires, it is sung in the yards and on the stage ... Both the social status and the geography of this truly folk song are very wide. There are even many alterations of the original text - depending on the specific locality that "adopted" "Murka". The history of the song "Murka" begins with the original version, which was written by the composer Oscar Strok, who composed this real masterpiece in tango rhythm in 1923 to the verses of the Odessa poet Yakov Yadov, the author of the famous "Gop with a closure" and "Bublichki". Initially, the text of the original was not of a criminal nature. More than 25 subsequent versions of the "Murka" were redesigned depending on the specific area, which subsequently "adopted" this brainchild. According to research, Murka, about whom the song is composed, had many prototypes. First of all, it is perceived as a variant of the Odessa "Lyubka-dove" - the story of a female agent of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MUR), who worked in the "hot spots" of Odessa. Also, the young girl Vera Grebennikova, or Dora, a prostitute from Odessa, who betrayed the Cheka to hiding officers, with whom she engaged in love pleasures, could also serve as a prototype. This is the first story of Murka's song. Murka could be Maria Sokolovskaya from the Kiev region, the wife of the ataman of the rebel army Sokolovsky, who died in battle. Or Black Marusya from Poltava region. Or the very beautiful sister of Ataman L. Khrestovoy, Maria Khrestovaya. Other options are Maria Kosova from Kharkov, or Marusya Nikiforova. All these "Murkas" collaborated with Makhno. Their influence on the creation of this thug song is very possible, although not too obvious. This is another version of Murka's song story. Most likely, the real Murka is Maria Evdokimova. Since 1926, she worked in the Leningrad Criminal Investigation Department. The girl was introduced into the Bristol League tavern, which was a haven for criminals. Maria posed as a woman offering sex services, and then knocking money off a client through an accomplice who suddenly appeared on the spot as a husband. Female operatives were a rarity at that time, so no one suspected anything. Masha "zashuhoril" all the "raspberries": they raided the tavern. The bandits were sent to the Crosses. And Marusya Evdokimova (it may well be that it was she who was renamed Marusya Klimova in the song) inspired the authors to the famous creation. Most likely, this is the most true story of Murka's song. There were many famous performers in the history of the Murka song. Of the performers of the thieves' song "Murka", one can name first of all Konstantin Sokolsky, who sang the original version, as well as Mikhail Gulko, Arkady Severny, Boris Rubashkin, Vladimir Vysotsky. There are also several Jewish variants of "Murka". Nikolai Baskov sang this song together with the Turetsky Choir, inserting an excerpt from Leoncavallo's opera Pagliacci. Such is the history of Murka's song known to me.
"Murka" is a real anthem of the underworld. In Sergei Govorukhin's film "The meeting place cannot be changed," it was she who seemed to the bandits the most effective test for Sharapov. Knowledge of the simple chords of "Murka" proved to the criminals that he was not a "mishandled Cossack", but an "honest fraer". Who was the songwriter? Who came up with the story about the traitor of the criminal world "Murka in a leather jacket"? Hello, Shura, nice girl, Hello and goodbye. You screwed up all our raspberries, And now you get an olive. Such a text and the first mention of the "glorious girl" was found by the St. Petersburg philologist Mikhail Lurie. This happened immediately after the archives of the Moscow State Institute for the Study of Crime and the Criminal were finally opened. The text of the song is clearly familiar to us, but only the heroine is not Murka, but Shurka. The words were written on a piece of paper by an unknown author (most likely an ordinary prisoner) back in 1921 in the Kursk Correctional House (prison). In the notes to the text of the song, the anonymous author said that he "heard it for the first time in 1919 in the Odessa corrective house." And in the materials about the life of the royal family at the beginning of the 20th century, there is information that the Romanovs loved urban chanson, including the song “Shurka”, popular at that time, performed “to the motive of a Jewish melody”. That is, the melody of "Murka" is much older than the words, and the heroine herself did not immediately become Murka. Probably, the prototype was that other tear named Shurka. Konstantin Paustovsky in The Tale of Life tells how during the Civil War he traveled by train from Kyiv to Odessa. One of the traveling companions named Lucienne straightened her hair, sat down on the bunk and sang in a deliberately shrill and rollicking voice: Hello, my Lyubka, hello, dear, Hello, dear, and goodbye! You screwed up all our raspberries - So now get an olive. In another part of the book, Paustovsky again recalls the mysterious Lyubka: “Almost all local songs were written by obscure Odessans. Even the omniscient inhabitants of the city could not remember, for example, who wrote the song "Hello, my Lyubka, hello, dear!" “Zhora from Stenovaya Street or Abrasha Knysh ? ”At the very beginning of the 1920s, a gang of Vladimir Kucherenko hunted in Odessa - a handsome young man who, together with his accomplices, robbed and killed indiscriminately. Expensive jewelry that fell into the hands of bandits, Kucherenko gave his mistress - Lyubka the gypsy. The police tried for a long time to get to the gang, but to no avail. And then one day, during a raid on a thieves' den, one of the law enforcement officers saw a rare precious ring on the hand of the beautiful Lyubka. It was just this one that was taken the day before from an Odessa midwife killed by bandits. Lyubka was tied with a ring, interrogated and found out where, when and from whom she received a valuable gift. As we know very well from the film "Meeting Place ...", the employees of the criminal investigation department offered Lyubka to play by their rules in exchange for freedom. Further - not according to the script. Together with the policemen, Lyubka the dove went to a brothel in Moldavanka. Seeing her, Kucherenko happily opened the door and, together with the whole gang, was captured by the Ugro. So, thanks to Lyubka, they managed to catch the most elusive gangster of those years - Kucherenko, who, by the way, worked part-time in the cinema - played Old Man Makhno in the famous 1923 feature film The Red Devils. Together with the film crew, the recidivist thief traveled around the south of the country. The career of an actor was for him and his gangster accomplices, who worked as technicians on the film site, a kind of cover. In 1927, Kucherenko was shot and, of course, deleted from the credits of the film. But in memory of the traitor Lyubka, the inhabitants of Odessa laid down a text about “Lyubka the Dove” to the motive of a well-known song. Here are the lines of one of the variants of the hit: Do you remember raspberries, nix vein? Lyubka urkaganov sold. Hello, my Lyubka, You are my dove, Hello, my Lyubka, and goodbye! You screwed up all our raspberries, And now get the olive. Already in 1934, the Soviet poet Yaroslav Smelyakov (later repressed) wrote the famous poem “Lyubka” to the motive of “Lyubka-dove”. Smelyakov's lines were later taken by many for the classic text of a thieves' song. Thanks to this text, the semi-mythical Lyubka suddenly acquired specific features and even a surname. ... A washed skirt, an ironed skirt, a silk skirt deceived us. Goodbye, Lyubka, goodbye, Lyubka! Do you hear? Goodbye, Lyubka Feigelman! The prototype of the heroine is Lyubov Savvishna Feigelman, Smelyakova's friend, writer and theater critic. She passed away quite recently. This woman had nothing to do with the underworld, although, being familiar with Soviet artists, she knew well what dungeons were. But back to Odessa in the 1920s. In addition to the real Lyubka the gypsy, the real Masha lived in it, and, most likely, not alone. Another version of the song tells about Mashki: Who heard a gang from Amurka in Odessa? In this gang there were urks, sharpers ... Often engaged in dark deeds And they always sat in Gubchek. Once I met Masha on raspberries - The girl shone with beauty - She was a bandit of the first category And called us to work with her. Were there not enough evenings and drunkenness, Passionate kisses and love Under the chord of tired, joyful parties And under our drunkenness until the third dawn? And in the dead of midnight they ran to Masha, Covering their quivering trembling. Masha left with drunken thieves, Masha came home drunk. Masha in this song is not so much a traitor as a classic girlfriend of Odessa thieves. Quite possibly, the image is collective, after all, it was “Mashas” that was then called the girls of easy virtue, thieves, whores. “Masha”, “Masha”, “Marukha” on the hair dryer meant “lover”. But while the drunken Odessa Masha was walking with thieves, the real Murka finally appeared in the same Odessa. She arrived from Moscow and was an employee of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, MUR. And this is a historical fact. In his memoirs, Vasily Shulgin, a member of the White Guard movement, wrote that in 1919 "the Odessa emergency received 400 absolutely loyal and well-trained people from Moscow." The fact is that the local authorities, exhausted by the struggle, hunger and devastation, could not cope with crime in the city - they did not have enough strength. So Moscow sent solid reinforcements. So in 1922, the MUR agent Maria Klimova appeared in the city. Young, beautiful, stately. She was given a difficult task: become a friend of the godfather of the Odessa mafia - a villain named Diamond. This murderer, who replaced the legendary Mishka Yaponchik, loved beautiful women. Maria Klimova quickly managed to become his favorite, but in the meantime, on the instructions of the Center, she also “worked out” the handsome young raider Cherven. The worm corny had a crush on the ant. A love triangle was created not provided for by the criminal investigation department. According to one of the legends, Diamond, in a fit of jealousy, either shot or stabbed Klimova. On the basis of this story, "Murka - Marusya Klimova, forgive my beloved" was composed. According to another legend, the beautiful Maria not only fell in love with the entire Odessa criminal elite, but also, by virtue of her charm, became the queen, the leader of thieves and muggers. This is also clear from the lines of the song: The speech was held by a woman, her name was Murka, She was cunning and brave. Even evil urks, and they were afraid of Murka, She led a life of thieves. Murka, you are my Muryonochek, Murka, you are my kitten. Murka, Marusya Klimova, forgive my beloved! Here come the failures, raids began, Many of ours began to disappear. How to find out sooner who became a slut, To punish for treason. Once we went to work, I wanted to drink, We went to a chic restaurant. Murka was sitting there in a leather jacket, And a revolver was sticking out from under the skirt ... To come to a restaurant in a leather jacket meant to completely give yourself away - they were worn only and exclusively by Moscow Chekists. But the urkagans in love, apparently, did not even pay attention to this obvious detail - Murka's charisma was so strong! However, the scene in the restaurant could be just a fantasy. But today it is known for certain that the operation to eliminate the Diamond with the participation of the heroic Marusya Klimova was successful. AND, despite being seriously injured, the girl survived. Recently, the materials of the Main Information and Archival Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were declassified, and they managed to find an account card for MUR employee Maria Prokofievna Klimova, born in 1897. The personal file, unfortunately, was destroyed for secrecy purposes. It turns out that during the secret Odessa operation she was only 25 years old! According to records from the archives, Maria Klimova retired from the police in 1952 with the rank of captain of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the age of 55, that is, she simply retired. Nothing more is known about her. It turns out that during the secret Odessa operation she was only 25 years old! According to records from the archives, Maria Klimova retired from the police in 1952 with the rank of captain of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the age of 55, that is, she simply retired. Nothing more is known about her. It turns out that during the secret Odessa operation she was only 25 years old! According to records from the archives, Maria Klimova retired from the police in 1952 with the rank of captain of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the age of 55, that is, she simply retired. Nothing more is known about her. In different years, in different places, "Murka" was sung in different ways. And in any new lines of the song, some codes were encrypted that can be deciphered today. Here, for example, are the lines from the classic Moscow "Murka": On the Kuntsevsky field, the nix was not terrible, But the cop knew when to come. They took us sleepy, put us in the "black", And they took us all away on the "black". During the interrogation at the MUR, the cop tried very hard to impose on all of us on the case. Sashka Kutsy and I received "dikan", the rest - "drika" and five each. Kuntsevo is a district of Moscow. “Black” is a black “funnel”, an NKVD car. "Dikan" - ten years in thieves' jargon, "draika" - three years. And here, for example, are the lines from the Rostov "Murka": The silence is mute, only the wind is booming In the dim windows the light blows out; On Bolshaya Sadovaya, in a dark lane, the Urks gathered for a council. Bolshaya Sadovaya is the central street of Rostov-on-Don, one of the oldest and most beautiful. And in the 1920s and 30s, there were a lot of dens, shalmans, hazy and raspberries on it. But still, studying a variety of versions of the song, today we can say for sure that the original text appeared in Odessa. Many researchers even accurately name the creator of the original text "Murka". This is Yakov Petrovich Yadov - he is Harness, he is Boatswain Yakov, he is Yakov Otruta, he is Bee. Poet, satirist writer, playwright, author of the words of the famous songs "Taganka", "Bublicki", "Gop with a snout", "Lanterns", "Lyubushka". Born in Kyiv, after the revolution he lived in Odessa for a long time, worked in the newspaper Odessa News, was friends with Ilf and Petrov, the elder Kataev, Paustovsky. In the mid-1920s he moved to Leningrad, where he actively wrote plays and feuilletons. Of course, Yadov was well aware of the history of numerous Odessa Muroks, was aware of both the feat of Marusya Klimova and the heroic transformation of Maria Evdokimova from Leningrad. On the basis of all these events, he allegedly created the first text of "Murka". However, Yadov himself never mentioned this. All his life he walked "at the sight" of the organs. Fearing repression and persecution, Yadov carefully concealed the authorship of many of his criminal epics. And “Murka” certainly would not have brought him happiness. Even the famous Utyosov was scolded for a long time for performing the song. Unlike many of his friends and colleagues, Yadov escaped arrest. He, an elderly, sick, forced to live in poverty, was simply killed with a word. This was done with pleasure by Soviet critics. In April 1940, he wrote in a letter to A. Vyshinsky, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: "The Society of Soviet Variety Art decided to liquidate me, they crushed me to smithereens, classifying me as class enemies." They poisoned Yadov for a short time .And yet, Murka has many authors. Any creative person who, by the will of fate, found himself in the dungeons, had the opportunity to add his own, hard-won verse to this song, recall failed or unhappy love and call Murka by any name. Millions of people with a tragic fate somehow projected the plot of this song onto themselves, because in prison love is experienced more sharply. Even unhappy and evil, even treacherous, but love with a simple female name is priceless and gives the will to live. This is probably why almost all thieves' songs are about love. They are sung not only by romantics in prison dungeons and raspberries, they are sung in the kitchens of communal apartments, in chic restaurants and in the mansions of oligarchs. No matter how different our wallets are, the fate of the people is common.
Additional references update
http://dalas.ru/showthread.php?t=17184&s=fbb96b93bcc23d89da85a2c79118cb9a
http://a-pesni.org/dvor/piter/a-murkina.php///Vladimir Bakhtin///"MURKINA" HISTORY
https://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/murka-iz-mura
https://zagadki-istorii.ru/sssr-37.html
**