כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
To restore the song in the original language if it does not appear after clicking on the name of the song marked here with a bottom line or to find additional versions Copy/Paste the song name in the original language from this page to the YOUTUBE website
התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
Green carriage. We work "Green carriage" Driz-Sukhanov. It's been a familiar song since childhood. And it turns out that in the source written in Yiddish, there is still a whole third of the text-about who and why this green carriage goes. Why Sukhanov did not take her into the song is a mystery. Henry Sapgir honestly translated
Ovsey Driese-"Green Carriage", the original text that everyone knows in Russian translated by Heinrich Sapgir. It's a little different...from the book "Di ferṭesṭrune"ShiḳeDriz.
שיקע דריז, די גרינע שנײַדערלעך, גענדז און קאַטשקעס,שאָף און רינדער, קאַץ און מױסאון קלײנע קינדר, לאַלקעס,כעזעלעךאון בערן, מוזןבּאַלד אַנשלאָפֿן װערן, ניט גערירטזיך פֿונעם אָרט, װײַל די שײנעװעסע פֿאָרט! אין אַ קאַרעטעאַ װינער, אין אַ קאַרעטע אַ גרינער, מיט די בעסטעאױף דער ערד אײַנגעשפּאַנטע זעקספּאָר פֿערד. מיטצילינדערס אױף די קעפּ, גרינע סטענגעסאין די צעפּ, מיט גאַמאַשן אױף דיפֿיס, אופֿגענײט פֿוןװײַסן פּליס. פֿליען זײ,באַדעקט מיט פּינע, צו די שנײַדערלעךדי גרינע װאָס מיטסמי'טשיקעס, מיט נעדעלעך, אהער-אהין אױףפֿעדעלעך, פֿידלען אױס דאָסגרינע קלײד, אין דערפֿינסטער שטילערהייט...שלאָף זשע,שלאָף געזונטערהײט! װײַל די װעסנעמעסט דאָס קלײד. אַקוראַטאַ א זײגערצען װעט איר זי אין חולם זען.
Ovsey Ovseevich (Shike) Driz (Shike) Driz (1908-1971) was a Jewish Soviet poet who wrote in the Yiddish language. He was born on May 16, 1908. He grew up an orphan. His father Shika Driz, almost immediately after the wedding, went overseas in search of earnings and died suddenly on the way. The young widow eventually remarried. And the childhood of Shike Driza Jr. was spent in the house of his grandfather-a ludilshchik in the town of Krasnoe near Vinnitsa. His grandfather was often looked at the "light" by his neighbors-the same artisans, craftsmen who always worked hard, but never lost their sense of humor. They loved a sharp word, a cheerful song. After graduating from primary Jewish school, Driz went to Kiev and went to work at the Arsenal plant. At the same time he studied at the art school, at the Kiev Institute of Art. He dreamed of becoming a sculptor. Since childhood, he painted, sculpted. But in full force his talent was revealed in poetry. All his work permeates the impressions of childhood. In them, as from a life-giving source, he draws language, themes, paintings, types. In 1930, the first collection of poems by Ovsey Driz "Bright Being" was published. And in 1934 - the next collection "Steel Power". In the same year, his service in the border troops began. Then came the war he went through "from call to call." Demobilization, entry into the peaceful life of Ovsey Driz coincides with a very difficult period for Jewish literature. Mikhoels was killed, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee was defeated. The publishing house "Der Emes" ("Pravda") was closed. It was necessary to live somehow, and Ovsey Driz works in Moscow as a painter, molder, marble cutter. Recognition, wide fame came to Ovsey Driz in the sixth decade of life. Since the beginning of the 60s, his books in Yiddish and translated into Russian have been published in millions of copies. On his texts, composers willingly wrote music. Cartoons were shot based on his plays. His fairy tale poems were included in the anthology of fairy tales of the world. He was welcomed in any classrooms: in kindergartens, in schools, in working groups. It was full of new ideas. But they were not destined to incarnate. I didn't have enough life. On February 14, 1971, at the age of 62, he passed away.
Night of Executed Poets and Yiddish. By destroying the poets who wrote in Yiddish, they destroyed the soul of this language. Yes, it was still spoken by the old, but the young - in spite of the enemies - studied Hebrew, and for those who left for Israel or America, my mother loshn remained Russian, not Yiddish. Elena Yankelevich| 13.8.2017|. In fact, it was after the night of the executed poets (august 12, 1952 were executed 13 members of the Jewish anti-fascist Committee, including four poets-David Gofstein, Peretz Markish, Leib Kvitko, Itzik Fefer and prose writer David Bergelson-approx. ReLevant)Yiddish in Russia began to die rapidly. Books in Yiddish were withdrawn from libraries, sets were scattered and destroyed, and the Jews themselves were actually outlawed. Dismissals from work, arrests, beatings and bullying in schools (in men's brutally maimed, in women's it was easier - it was limited to boycotts and insults), throwing out of transport (especially in the midst of the doctors' case), in short, the light option is the immortal "Lubka" byDina Ruby Noah, and there is no strength to even remember about hard options. So, it was then that the Jews, who knew Yiddish from childhood and spoke it at home, made a spontaneous but collective decision-not to teach this language to children, and in general to make sure that the children of this most damned "Jewishness" had less. This trauma was never healed-it was shameful and indecent to protrude Jewish, the Jews themselves, forever poisoned by the Soviet galut, advocated for it. And the next two generations carried their Jewishness as an original sin, which had to be either tried to pray (failed) or lived with. To learn as a child that you are Jewish (most often it was not recognized at home), it seems to me, was close to how now determine the stages of a person's acceptance of a serious illness, for example, cancer - denial, anger (why me? for what?), and so on-before acceptance. Having reached the adoption, they did different things, but since Jewish identity is still inseparable from religion, those who did not want to assimilate followed this path, as far as possible in the USSR. So, we need Hebrew, for the teaching of which they have simply been imprisoned. But then I found a scythe on a stone-with Kvitko's children's poems, the mustachioed managed to cope, but the Torah of his anti-Semites was clearly not on the mustache. At this point, the USSR seemed to have decided to allow a little Yiddish, I remember this unfortunate "Soviet Gameland". Personally bought in the kiosk on the Cosmonauts. But with this, the scoop did not work. By destroying the poets who wrote in Yiddish, they destroyed the soul of this language. Yes, it was still spoken by the old, but the young-in spite of the enemies - studied Hebrew, and for those who left for Israel or America, my mother loshn remained Russian, not Yiddish. Yiddish, of course, is not dead. It is not an endangered language, it is spoken in some ultra-Orthodox communities in Israel, it is quite prosperous in the United States (however, there it is in Latin), there is a huge layer of Yiddish musical culture, in Russia there are courses for studying this language. But it will never be the language of living communication for Russian Jews. Killed and will not be resurrected.
"Night of executed poets". On August 12, 1952, in the cellars of the Lubyanka, the Chekists staged a "Night of Executed Poets". Four years later, all the dead were rehabilitated: on the night of August 12, 1952, Moscow - the shooting of convicts in the "case" of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee: Lozovsky Solomon Abramovich-diplomat, publicist. Fefer Isaak Solomonovich is a poet and public figure. Yuzefovich Iosif Sigismundovich is a public figure. Markish Peretz Davidovich is a poet and writer. Зускин Вениамин Львович-актер, художественный руководитель Московского государственного театра им.С.М.Михоэлса. Квитко Лев Моисеевич-поэт. Бергельсон Давид Рафаилович-писатель, драматург. Давид Бергельсон с сыном Гофштейн Давид Наумович-поэт, переводчик. Шимелиович Борис Абрамович-медицинский и общественный деятель, главный врач Центральной больницы имени Боткина. Vatenberg, Ilya Semenovich-senior control editor of the State Publishing House of Fiction in Foreign Languages. Talmi Leon Yakovlevich is a journalist-translator. Teumin Emilia Isaakovna is the editor of the international department of the Sovinformburo. Vatenberg Ilya Semenovich-Senior Control Editor of the State Publishing House of Fiction in Foreign Languages. Lina Stern is the only surviving defendant. The Anti-Fascist Committee was established in 1942. He united under his wing the Jews living in the USSR. Many of them were representatives of creative professions; already in the late 1940s, Soviet propaganda applied the expression "native cosmopolitan" to them. The EAC included the head of the Sovinformburo Solomon Lozovsky, the writer Ilya Ehrenburg, the poet Samuel Marshak, the director Sergei Eisenstein and other famous cultural figures. The organization was engaged in raising funds for the Red Army abroad. In the United States managed to collect $ 16 million, in the UK and Canada-at least $ 15 million. In early 1946, at one of the meetings of the Central Committee of the Party, Stalin made a sharp condemnation of the Soviet intelligentsia for admiring the West. Theaters began to prohibit the production of plays by foreign authors, publishing houses were not allowed to print works by foreign writers. Foreign literature was withdrawn from the sale, libraries and reading rooms and taken to special storages. In the millstone of the struggle against cosmopolitans got the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. From August 1946, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, which had previously been subordinate to the Sovinformburo, was transferred to the Department of External Relations of the Central Committee. At the same time, a certificate was prepared for Stalin, which stated that the EAC had become a center for defending the interests of people of Jewish nationality. Back in 1944, the Committee raised the issue of creating a Jewish Autonomous Republic in the north of the Crimea (the project to create a "Jewish California in the Crimea" was supervised by Beria's department). At the end of 1947, Stalin ordered the disbanding of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. A wave of repression swept through the country. In Kiev, the executive secretary of the almanac "Stern" Grigory Polyanker, the director of the Cabinet of Jewish Culture at the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Eli Spivak, the writer Matvey Talalaevsky and many others were arrested. In parallel with the investigation of the "EAC case" in 1948, criminal cases were opened against "pest doctors" (37 doctors were arrested in the "doctors' case", 28 of them were Jews). In the same period, a series of trials began in the "Leningrad case" (as a result, about two thousand party workers were shot). The first victim associated with the "EAC case" was people's artist of the USSR Solomon Mikhoels (his murder in Minsk in January 1948, the authorities disguised as a car accident). Despite the solemn farewell ceremony, officials guessed about the true cause of the director's death. In 1953, a month after the death of the leader, Beria sent a secret note to the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee on bringing to criminal responsibility the persons involved in the operation. According to Khrushchev, one of the reasons for the murder was Mikhoels' support for the project of Jewish autonomy on the Crimean peninsula.
Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich. The massacre of Mikhoels was followed by the closure of Jewish educational institutions and publishing houses in major cities. The Jewish section of the Writers' Union was liquidated. Arrests began. By the beginning of 1949, 110 writers, poets and scientists had been repressed. Before his arrest, Peretz Markish, author of the books "Brother", "War", "Thistle", "From Century to Century", wrote: "Hitler wanted to destroy us physically, Stalin wants to do it spiritually." The investigation of the "criminal activities" of members of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee lasted for almost three years, the criminal case consisted of 42 volumes. All the accused were tortured, forced to confess to espionage. Even before the start of the trial in the "EAC case", Stalin was submitted a draft sentence to 15 of the most active figures of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. They were proposed to be shot, with the exception of the academician-physiologist Lina Stern, who was eventually sentenced to three and a half years in prison and five years of exile. One of the 15 defendants, Solomon Bregman, fell into a coma during the investigation and died five months after the trial. The closed trial lasted from May to August 1952. On August 12, the sentence was carried out-13 people, including the head of the Sovinformburo Solomon Lozovsky, writers Peretz Markish, David Bergelson, Itzik Fefer, Lev Kvitko, David Gofshtein, director of the Jewish Theater in Moscow Veniamin Zuskin were shot in the cellars of the Lubyanka. In the Western press, this event was called the "Night of the Executed Poets". After Stalin's death, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR overturned the verdict. In 1956, all charges were dropped for lack of corpus delicti. The rehabilitation of EAC members was announced openly only in 1988. On December 29, 1988, the Politburo Commission of the CPSU Central Committee considered materials related to the judicial and party rehabilitation of persons involved in the so-called "case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. The Commission noted that the investigation of this case in 1955 established that the case against S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer and others is fabricated, and the confessions of the accused at the investigation were obtained illegally, the investigators who investigated this criminal case were convicted in 1952-1954 for falsifying investigative materials, received several years of camps. During the investigation, it was found that Georgy Malenkov, who was directly related to the investigation and trial, was directly responsible for the illegal repression of persons involved in the "case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee". The indictment in the EAC case read as follows: "Considering that the surest means of obtaining assistance from the Jewish reactionary circles of the United States in the struggle against the CPSU (b) and the Soviet government may be the transfer to them of espionage information about the USSR, Mikhoels and Fefer, with the assistance of the accused Lozovsky, before leaving, collected a number of secret materials about the industry of the Soviet Union and took them with them to America (vol. 1 , fol. 62−63; vol. 2, fol. 94−97). While in America, Mikhoels and Fefer established enemy contacts with representatives of the Jewish bourgeoisie, including the leader of the Zionist movement, Weizmann, the current president of the State of Israel, the head of the Jewish nationalist organization JDC, the millionaire Rosenberg, the editor of the Jewish reactionary newspaper Der Tog Goldberg, the representative of the Jewish society Ambijan, Budish, and others who were provided with defamatory information about the situation of Jews in the Soviet Union. , as well as the spy materials mentioned above." The case was officially qualified as a "crime of Stalinism", but there are still those who tell us that the murder of these people was a necessity. Read more about the case of doctors: The case of "doctors-pests" with their own eyes Read more about S. Mikhoels: Let there be a car accident List of traitors, spies, demolitionists and terrorists arrested by the MGB of the USSR (signed by Abakumov, approved by Stalin).
Night of executed poets. 65 years ago, on August 12, 1952, thirteen convicts in the case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, among whom were several prominent Jewish poets (L. Kvitko, P. Markish, D. Bergelson, D. Gofstein), were executed in the USSR, and this execution is also known as the "Night of executed poets". "On the way back from the courtroom, when 70-year-old Solomon Lozovsky was carried on a stretcher to the "black funnel", the captain caught up with them, picked up the defendant by the beard and, poking at the nose with a fist larger than the face of the prisoner, said: "Well, Solomon, the face of the Jews. If you tell me one thing again, and another to the judges, if you continue to wrap the whole process in the wrong direction, I will pull out your intestines, wrap your neck around them and still have to hang your children on them, who are free. I got it? Stop my nerves, I'm tired of fighting with you." These testimonies of the Lozovsky sergeant who carried D.A. Volkogonov cites in the article "The Phenomenon of Stalin", (Literaturnaya Gazeta, December 9, 1987). The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (EAC) was a public organization in the USSR, formed by the NKVD in early 1942 at the Sovinformburo from representatives of the Soviet Jewish intelligentsia for propaganda purposes abroad. In 1946, the EAC was subordinated to the Council of Ministers of the USSR; in 1948, by decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), in 1952, by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, which accused the members of the EAC of state crimes, nationalist activities and espionage, 13 of its members were shot; in total, more than 110 people were repressed. The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee was established during the war (February-March 1942), as it was proclaimed, to unite anti-fascist forces in the fight against fascist genocide. The real pragmatic purpose of its functioning was to knock out the funds from the American financial tycoons-Jews to wage war against fascism. For the members of the EAC, the main task was the collection of documentary materials for the "Black Book" about the atrocities of the Nazis against the Jews (this idea arose independently from many-including A. Einstein, I. Ehrenburg, etc.). In 1947, the printing of the "Black Book" was stopped, and part of the already printed edition was transferred to the EAC. Fortunately, copies of the "Black Book" were able to be sent to the West, where it was published. Now 27 folders of the "Black Book" are stored in the GARF. The color of Jewish culture entered the EAC. It was headed by the great actor-tragedian Solomon Mikhoels. Its members were poets and writers I.S.Fefer, L.M.Kvitko, P.D.Markish, D.R.Bergelson, S.Z.Galkin, artistic director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater (GOSET) V.L.Zuskin, chief physician of the Botkin Central Clinical Hospital B.A.Shimeliovich, director of the Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and academy of medical sciences of the USSR L.S.Stern, member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) chairman of the Council of Information Bureau S.A.Lozovsky and others. During trips to the United States, carried out on the instructions of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), S. Mikhoels and other members of the EAC communicated with representatives of the Jewish cultural elite of the United States, many of whom were members of Zionist organizations (later this was blamed on them). S. Mikhoels met in the United States and with A. Einstein. In 1946, S. Mikhoels was awarded the Stalin Prize for the creation of the play "Freilechs" based on Jewish musical folklore. After the end of the Second World War, the existence of the EAC exhausted the tasks assigned to it by the Soviet leadership, and the EAC began to be perceived as a dangerous organizational and nationalist center. Despite the fact that the activities of the EAC were completely under the control of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) through the Chairman of the EAC member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) S.A. Lozovsky and from the special services - through the Secretary of the EAC I.S. Fefer, who was an employee of the MGB, the highest party authorities decided to get rid of the EAC altogether. Bergelson, People's Artist of the RSFSR V.L. Zuskin, chief physician of the Botkin Hospital B.A. Shimeliovich, researcher of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences I.S. Yuzefovich, senior editor of the state publishing house of literature in foreign languages I.S. Vatenberg, translator of the EAC Ch.S. Vatenberg-Ostrovskaya, deputy editor of the diplomatic dictionary E.I. Teumin, journalist-translator L.Y. Talmi, Institute of Physiology Academician L.S. Stern and Deputy Minister of the State Control of the RSFSR S.L. regman...They are accused of spying for the United States, of intending to seize Crimea and sell (!) it to America, and finally, of obstructing assimilation through the development of a culture in the Yiddish language. It was assumed that according to the experience of the Moscow trials of the 30s, the investigation would last no more than 3-7 months. Jews-intellectuals, like cute, will give the necessary testimony, memorize them by heart and repeat them in an open trial. However, with interruptions, the investigation lasted more than 3 years and did not achieve the desired goal, despite the fact that the arrested Jews were beaten with mortal combat. At a closed trial held in May-June 1952, B.A. Shimeliovich said: "I have never said what is recorded in the first protocol of my interrogation of March 1949 and signed by me. These testimonies in my absence were made by investigator Ryumin with someone else...I have been arguing for 3 years and 4 months and, since there will be an opportunity, I will continue to argue with the investigators and, if necessary, with the prosecutor. I must declare that I received during the month (January-February 1949) approximately, with some fluctuations in one direction or another, 80-100 blows per day, and in total I think I received about 2 thousand blows. I have been subjected to corporal punishment many times, but there is hardly any investigator who will say that under all these circumstances I changed my testimony. In addition to beatings, they were thrown into solitary confinement. Pepper Markish visited the punishment cell twice and only after that signed the necessary testimony. Perets Markish. In a letter from Lefortovo prison dated April 18, 1952 addressed to "Comrades Beria and Malenkov" he complained: "At all interrogations there is a continuous checkmate, bullying, insults and other brutal antics. They threw me from a chair to the floor...On the night of March 16, I was seized and led to the so-called punishment cell, but in fact, as it turned out later, it was a refrigerator with a pipeline installation, without windows, completely empty, measuring 2 meters. In this horror, without air, without food (they gave a piece of bread and two mugs of water a day), I spent eight days. The installation turned on, the cold intensified all the time. I fell into unconsciousness many times. I have never seen such an atrocity and I did not know about the presence of such refrigerators in Lefortovo, I was deceived. This stone bag can give death, mutilation and a terrible ailment. On March 23, it almost ended in death-I miraculously departed..." Speaking of mate. Esther Markish, the widow of Peretz Markish, writes in the book "Such a Long Return" (Tel Aviv, 1989): "No sooner had Lina Stern crossed the threshold of Minister Abakumov's office than he yelled: "We know everything! Admit it all! You are a Zionist, you wanted to take Crimea away from Russia and create a Jewish state there! "This is the first time I've heard this," said Lina Stern, with a strong Jewish accent.-Oh you old b...! Abakumov shouted. "That's how the minister talks to the academician," Lina Stern said bitterly. On March 23, 1950, Abakumov submitted to Stalin a list of 85 people to be shot. There were 16 arrested members of the EAC. In the cover letter, he writes: "We consider it necessary to hold meetings of the Military Collegium on the experience of the past without the participation of the parties in the Lefortovo prison with the consideration of cases for each accused separately without the right of appeal, pardon and with the execution of the court sentence immediately. We plan to begin consideration of cases in the Military Collegium on March 27 of this year. This categorically did not suit Stalin. He needed an open, high-profile trial as a preface to the "final solution of the Jewish question" and as a stern reminder to the whole people of the end of the period of relief caused by the war. After a forced break, the investigators return to the "EAC case". However, the Jews were very persistent and did not want to learn the roles prescribed to them, and the investigators did not have any other "documents" in their hands, except for rubber batons and whips. There are no chances for a successful open process…Stalin is furious: the scheme worked out for 2 decades is stalling. Of course, Abakumov is to blame for everything. It has not yet reached Stalin's consciousness that the soft-bodied Jews-intellectuals turned out to be spiritually stronger than Abakumov's "masters of shoulder affairs". On July 12, 1951, the all-powerful Minister of State Security V.S. Abakumov was arrested on the basis of a denunciation organized by Malenkov of Mikhail Ryumin, Deputy Abakumov (F. Lyass). He accuses Abakumov of concealing the criminal actions of the doctors who killed A.S. Shcherbakov, the head of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army, which allegedly became known from the interrogation of the doctor Professor Y.G. Etinger, who took part in the treatment of Shcherbakov. To cover up their crime, Abakumov established a "harsher regime" for Etinger, and he soon died. (In fact, it was Ryumin who beat him to death on March 2, 1951, seeking an admission of his guilt in Shcherbakov's death.) On August 9, S. Ignatiev became the minister of the MGB, two months later Ryumin was promoted from lieutenant colonel to general, appointed head of the investigative unit of the MGB with the rank of deputy minister. The cases of all accused members of the EAC are summarized in one "investigative case No.2354". However, the investigators failed to "prepare the arrested for an open trial and, reluctantly, the tyrant agreed to a closed trial, since 5 of the 15 defendants refused their testimony, snatched from them under torture: B. A. Shimeliovich, V. L. Zuskin, S. L. Bregman, L. S. Stern, P. D. Markish. Arrested shortly after Abakumov, the chief investigator in the EAC case, Colonel Vladimir Komarov, wrote a letter to Stalin on February 18, 1952: "...The investigative team is well aware of how much I hated enemies. I was ruthless with them, as they say, took my soul out of them, demanding to give out enemy affairs and connections. Those arrested literally trembled in front of me, they feared me like fire. I especially hated and was ruthless with jewish nationalists, in whom I saw the most dangerous and evil enemies. Even when I was at work in the MGB of the USSR, I reported to Abakumov about my political distrust of Schwartzman, Itkin and Broverman. Upon learning of the atrocities committed by the Jewish nationalists, I was filled with even greater malice towards them, and I ask you convincingly: give me the opportunity, with all my inherent hatred of the enemies, to take revenge on them for their atrocities, for the harm they have caused to the state. I ask you, Comrade Stalin, not to deny me your confidence". Before the case was transferred to the court, it was considered at a meeting of the Politburo (April 3). It was decided to shoot everyone except Lina Solomonovna Stern (it is believed that Stalin, who was very interested in issues of longevity, took into account that Academician Stern is a major expert in the field of gerontology). The Politburo determined that the case of the EAC should be considered by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR in closed sessions without a prosecutor and defenders. The trial took place in Lubyanka from May 8 to July 18, 1952, the chairman of the court was Lieutenant General of Justice A.A. Cheptsov, the members were Major Generals I.M. Zaryanov and Y.P. Dmitriev. "The judges received at the same time a pile of volumes, which had yet to be familiarized, and an immutable sentence for the court. The court turned into a formality,-Cheptsov wrote 5 years later about the EAC case to a member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee to Defense Minister G.K. Zhukov.-There was no need to go into details...To seek the truth-it could be dangerous for judges" Let me remind you: members of the Presidium of the EAC are accused of espionage in favor of the United States, of intending to tear away Crimea and sell it to America (not otherwise than Alaska?), finally, in preventing assimilation through the development of culture in the Yiddish language. At the trial, the complete inconsistency of all the charges quickly became clear.-Do you confirm your testimony given at the investigation? Cheptsov asked Lina Stern.-No, not one.-Why?-Because there's not a single word of mine there. I was transferred three times from the Inner Prison to Lefortovo for not wanting to sign a novel written by an investigator. All my testimony, which is presented to me at the trial, I dismiss, I refuse them. My only option was to live to see the trial, and that's all I wanted. I am not afraid of death, but I would not like to die with this shameful stain-a deception of trust, treason...I felt that things were bad and I could go crazy: and the crazy people weren't responsible for anything. Wanting to give the process at least some semblance of legality, A.A. Cheptsov tried to direct the case for further investigation. He met with Malenkov. He categorically demanded: "Follow the decision of the Politburo!". And Cheptsov did. "Forgetting" that just 6 years ago the play "Freilex" ("Wedding Carnival") was awarded the Stalin Prize, he accuses jewish cultural figures of nationalism, of glorifying antiquity: "You are accused of preventing assimilation by promoting the Yiddish language and Yiddish culture alien to the Jewish masses." "Yes," agrees the tortured David Bergelson, "the essence of my nationalism was that I was extremely attached to the Hebrew language, worked in it for 28 years. I know that I will have a short life, but I love it (my language) as a son, a loving mother." There is no and cannot be national pride among Jews, national pride is allowed only to Russians. Lenin wrote about it in the article "On the National Pride of the Great Russians." D. Bergelson Lev Kvitko said in his last word: "Continuing to write in Hebrew, we unwittingly became a brake on the process of assimilation. As the head of the Jewish section of the Writers' Union, I did not raise the issue of closing the section. This is my fault (let me remind you: A.A. Fadeev took care of this). Lev Kvitko Tortured Boris Shimeliovich said: "Before the trial, I did not believe that opposition to assimilation is nationalism...to be against assimilation in our Soviet conditions is to fight the Soviet government, otherwise I do not understand it." B. Shimeliovich The furthest of all goes L.Y. Talmi: "In order for the Jewish people to develop their culture, there is no need for everything to be in the Jewish language." The authors of these terrible statements were well aware that "nationalism is hatred of other peoples, and love for one's own is patriotism" (Boris Strugatsky). They knew that they were about to be shot, and what was said in the last word was by no means a plea for pardon. What they said speaks not about them, but about the terrible life in "the freest country on earth" (Arkady Gaidar). It is impossible not to note the decent behavior at the trial of S.A. Lozovsky: he accused, not justified. Not only at the trial, but also outside it, all Soviet Jews were accused of two mutually exclusive crimes: nationalism and cosmopolitanism! At this very time, Boris Polevoy, who was in New York, lied to Howard Fast that he met Lev Kvitko on the street just before his departure from Moscow. Later, in a letter dated March 25, 1957, Howard Fast wrote to him: "...Why did you tell us here in New York that the Jewish writer Kvitko is alive and well, living with you in the same house, next door, when he was executed and long gone? why? Why did you have to lie? Why couldn't you shy away from answering and tell us you don't know or don't want to talk about it? Why did you lie so terribly and deliberately?" On July 17, all the defendants, except Lina Solomonovna Stern and the seriously ill Solomon Leontievich Bregman (he died in prison in early 1953), are sentenced to death. They were shot on August 12, 1952. Honor and glory to these heroes who did not allow the tyrant to break them spiritually. Let us repeat the names of 13 people who were shot: Solomon Abramovich Lozovsky, b. 1878 Joseph Sigismundovich Yuzefovich, b. 1890 Boris Abramovich Shimeliovich, b. 1882 Veniamin Lvovich Zuskin, b. 1884 David Rafailovich Bergelson, b. 1884 Peretz Davidovich Markish, b. 1895 Leiba Moiseevich Kvitko, p. 1890 Isaac Solomonovich Fefer, b. 1900 David Naumovich Gofshtein, b. 1889 Leon Yakovlevich Talmi, b. 1893 Ilya Semenovich Vatenberg, b. 1887 Chaika Semenovna Vatenberg-Ostrovskaya, b. 1901 Emilia Isaakovna Teumin, b. 1905.
Jewish culture in Yiddish was dealt a fatal blow. All literature was removed from libraries and shops and burned, typesetting machines destroyed, fonts scattered. The color of the Jewish creative intelligentsia-430 writers, artists, artists, musicians were sent to the camps. Only a few returned. From now on the radio - not a single Hebrew word, song, just a name. The very word "Jew" became something of a curse. When you found out that you were Jewish, you began to feel sorry. He was a surgeon, even a "neuro"...All who no longer lived a luminaries, He turned into normal people. But the huge luminary, Unfortunately, was a Jew. (Vladimir Vysotsky)The first publication about the EAC trial appeared on March 16, 1956 in the American newspaper "Forevers" (in Yiddish). For many years in Israel, every year on August 12, evenings of memory of the dead are held, their lives and work, their works are told. Sources: APOTHEOSIS OF SOVIET MADSHIP The case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Kostyrchenko G. V. Stalin against the "cosmopolitans". Power and the Jewish intelligentsia in the USSR.-M.: Russian Political Encyclopedia, 2010 From the rehabilitation certificate on the case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. TAGS: anti-Soviet, repression 1.
Summary. The Green Carriage is a touching lullaby based on verses by Ovsey (Shike) Driz. The author of this wonderful poem wrote them in his native Yiddish, and translated and adapted into Russian by Heinrich Sapgir. The ingenious melody and text, performed by the composer Alexander Sukhanov, can cause a kind smile in adults and pacify our kids, giving gentle and magical dreams...
green carriage 2. in Words of Children's Songs. Lyrics of Song "Green Carriage" The romantic and sincere text of the song "Green Carriage" was composed by the poet Ovsey Driz.More precisely, Driz wrote a children's poem in Yiddish, the Russian translation of which was made by another poet, Genrikh Sapgir. A melody was written for these lines in 1975 by composer Alexander Sukhanov. And so a wonderful, gentle and kind lullaby appeared , which was voiced in the animated film of the same name, a fairy tale about spring. And yet, the participants of the bard project “Songs of Our Century” invariably perform “The Green Carriage” at concerts. Elena Kamburova, Sergey and Tatyana Nikitin, Yuri Kukin gave their voices to her. So it has long been included in the children's song classics. Lyrics of the song "Green Carriage" Sleep, sleep mice, sleep hedgehogs, Bear cubs, bear cubs and guys. Everyone, everyone fell asleep before dawn, Only the green carriage, Only the green carriage Rushing, racing in the sky In silvery silence. Six hot horses, In scarlet and green hats, Galloping above the ground, On the heels of a black rook. Do not keep up with the carriage, After all, Spring is in this carriage, After all, Spring is in this carriage. Sleep, sleep, sleep cubs And hedgehogs, and hedgehogs, and guys. At the most, at the quietest, early hour The ringing of horseshoes will wake you up, The ringing of horseshoes will wake you up. Just look out the window-It's spring in the yard! Sleep, sleep mice, sleep hedgehogs, Bear cubs, bear cubs and guys. Everyone, everyone fell asleep before dawn, Only the green carriage, Only the green carriage, Only the green carriage, Only the green carriage...Song "Green Carriage" video An interesting fact: According to the laws of the song genre, Driz's author's poem has undergone minor changes. In the original, the lines of the Green Carriage look like this in Russian: Mice sleep, hedgehogs sleep, Bear cubs and guys. Everything fell asleep before dawn, Only the green carriage Rushing, rushing in the sky, In silvery silence Six hot horses, in scarlet and green hats, Above the ground they rush galloping. On the heels - a black rook. Do not keep up with the carriage, After all, Spring is in this carriage, And she hurries to the forest Amazing tailors...Here green tailors took herbal threads, They took sharp needles from a thick green Christmas tree, They sat in a row in a clearing-They sew an outfit for Spring. Sleep, sleep, cubs, And hedgehogs, and guys: After all, the green update is not quite ready yet. At the quietest, early hour, the ringing of horseshoes will wake you up. Just look out the window-Spring is standing in the yard. Why the composer Sukhanov did not include the poem in full in the text of the song "Green Carriage", one can only guess.
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