כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
To restore the song in the original language if it does not appear after clicking on the name of the song marked here with a bottom line or to find additional versions Copy/Paste the song name in the original language from this page to the YOUTUBE website
התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
According to legend, it is written under the impression of the "bayukashny" song of the Cossack, which Lermontov heard in the village of Chervilna on Terek (on another version - in the village of Old-washovskaya in Kuban). The first motif was written by the poet himself, contemporaries heard it in the author's performance. In the future, more than 50 composers wrote music: A.E. Varlamov (1842), Polina Viardo (1865), E.F. Napravnik (1875), A.T. Grechaninov (1894), N.M. Ladukhin (1895), A.S. Taneyev (1899), N.N. Cherepnin (1900), V. Rebikov and others. The most famous motive belongs to A. Varlamov. Folklore variants were included in the Cossack and soldier's repertoire. Very popular was with the Ter Cossacks.
The final days of Russian writers: Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. CULTURE, MAY 23 2014, YOLANDA DELGADO, SPECIAL TO RBTH. Russian geniuses live extraordinary lives, and even their death becomes the final chapter of their works. Honor or life-that was the question One winter's afternoon, in the woods on the outskirts of Saint Petersburg, two men stood ten paces apart aiming their gleaming pistols at each other. Baron Georges H. d'Anthès, a French officer on Russian service, shot first. The bullet went through his opponent's stomach, and poet Alexander Pushkin plummeted on to the snow. His attendants took the poet to his house in a sleigh. One of the doctors confirmed that Pushkin would not survive. "It is finished. I am going. I can hardly breathe. I'm suffocating," the poet told his friends. After forty-eight hours of agony, the Russian poet closed his eyes for the last time. Bronze-skinned with curly hair, Pushkin was a descendant of an Abyssinian slave in the service of Peter the Great. He was Russia’s foremost poet and was called his “nation’s glory.” Pushkin wanted above all else to be a free poet: "Whom shall we serve-the people or the State? The poet does not care-so let them wait.” In Pushkin’s footsteps. And his defiance earned him periods of exile, many enemies and an uncomfortable relationship with Tsar Nicholas I, who, apart from his royal duties, watched closely over the pens of his writers. Pushkin was an indefatigable Don Juan. His marriage to Natalia Goncharova was received with relief. Finally, his devotees assumed l'enfant terrible would settle down. But it turned out that marriage only brought new difficulties. Drowning in card debts, Pushkin had to accept the court appointment of valet, which meant, among other duties, that he had to attend the palace balls with his Natalia. But his wife was an irresistible temptation, not only for the nobles, but even for the Tsar himself. Nicholas I may have been a Romanov but Pushkin was the king of jealousy! This tight situation made Pushkin desperate. He wanted to retire from the court. At this point, he received an anonymous letter, which informed him that an “Order of Cuckolds” had the “honor” of appointing him official historian. The culprit for his stained honor was none other than Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès, a fop whose aim was to conquer Pushkin’s wife Natalia. The poet felt he had no choice but to challenge his offender to a duel. A very Western Pushkin. The news of Pushkin’s death brought together a large crowd in front of his house in St. Petersburg. As Vasiliy Zhukovsky, Pushkin’s friend and a famous writer, recalled, common people of St. Petersburg wanted desperately to take revenge on d’Anthes, and foreigners in general. “They even wanted to punish the surgeons who treated Pushkin, arguing that conspiracy and treason are apparent, that one foreigner wounded Pushkin, and other foreigners were summoned to cure him”. That is why Nicholas I ordered police protection for Pushkin’s house and concealed the plans for the poet’s funeral. He was buried in the darkness of the night and with great haste at Svyatogorsky monastery (245 miles from St. Petersburg), near his family estate. An unexpected death. After Pushkin's demise, young poet and cavalry officer Mikhail Lermontov in his poem “Death of the poet” blamed the absurd customs of high society for being complicit in Pushkin’s murder. Because of that, Tsar Nicholas sent Lermontov to the Caucasus, which was in the state of war at the time, thinking the exile would bring some sense to the subversive young poet. But when Lermontov returned from the Caucasus, he was already famous-not only for his daredevil attitude, but also for his multiple works. Forever young, Lermontov exquisitely haunts the ages. In 1841 the poet went back to the Caucasus. In the town of Pyatigorsk there, Lermontov met Nikolay Martynov, his old comrade in arms and a simple fellow, who desperately wanted to socialize among local noble maidens, parading in Caucasian military uniform. Harsh and dismissive even with his friends, Lermontov chose Martynov as an aim for his bitter and insulting jokes. But Martynov was patient – until the poet started to mock him in front of women. And that was it – old friends decided on a duel. On July 15, in the foothills of Mashuk Mountain, Lermontov deliberately missed. But Martynov struck his target. The 27-year-old poet was killed on the spot. It is said that immediately a great storm broke out. Under the torrential rain, in the company of a single friend, his body remained at the mercy of the elements for several hours. “A dog's death for the dog,” Tsar Nicholas said upon receiving the news. But minutes later, he added: “The one who could take the place of Pushkin, is dead.” Special project: Read Russia!. Two days later, without even holding a religious ceremony (those who had died in a duel were not allowed a service), the poet was buried in Pyatigorsk cemetery where a multitude came to pay their last respects. Later, Lermontov's body was taken to the family vault in the Tarkhany estate (province of Penza). The astonishing fact is that in his most renowned novel, “A Hero of Our Time.” finished a year before his death, Lermontov describes a duel between the protagonist, named Pechorin, and a careless tattler Grushnitsky, a character very much like Martynov. In the novel, Pechorin kills Grushnitsky. The real life turned out to be exactly the opposite.
"The Cossack Lullaby" (Russian: Казачья колыбельная песня) is a cradle song that Russian writer Mikhail Lermontov wrote in 1838 during his exile in Caucasus. In 1837, Alexandr Pushkin had a duel with Georges d'Anthes and two days later died. Mikhail Lermontov, who had adored Pushkin, wrote a poem entitled the Death of the Poet and lamented that he fell as a victim of the aristocracy surrounding the Czar. He was immediately exiled to the Caucasus. While in Caucasus, he heard an old Terek Cossack woman sing a cradle song, which he transcribed as the Cossack Lullaby. At that time, the Terek Cossacks defended Russia's southern border against the Ingush and Chechens. Lermontov is said to have actually put the song in music in Voronezh on his way to Saint Petersburg. The song was later sent to Saint Petersburg and Moscow and became popular.
Analysis of Lermontov's poem "Cossack lullaby song". The poem "Cossack lullaby song" was written in 1838, when Mikhail Lermontov first visited the Caucasus and took part in hostilities. This period of creativity includes not only socio-political and civil poems, but also lyrical works. In particular, "Cossack Lullaby Song" is an interpretation of folk art. There is a version that it was in the village of Chervlena on the banks of the river Terek, where the Hussar regiment of Lermontov lived, the poet had a chance to hear how a young Cossack rocked his son under a very gentle and beautiful lullaby. It was she who formed the basis of the poem, in which the author put a slightly different meaning, as he could not get around in his work the war, which every day took the lives of hundreds of Russian soldiers. The poem "Cossack lullaby song" is kept in the spirit of the monologue of the mother, who, putting the baby to bed, tells about what awaits him in the future. The first eight-thousand would really be suitable for any lullaby, as it contains all the attributes of this form of folklore work-a clear month, a fairy tale and the mother's desire that the son quickly fell asleep. However, the poet on behalf of a female Cossack continues in a very different way and tells about what he happened to see in this terrible and bloody war. "Angry Chechen crawls ashore, sharpens his dagger"-these words are completely unsuitable for a lullaby, but nevertheless reflect reality. As well as the following lines, in which the poet tells that the father of the baby is ready to give the enemy a worthy rebuff, as he went to fight for his native land. A similar fate awaits this baby, who is now resting in the hands of the Cossacks, but very soon, just like his father, will defend his homeland from Chechen raids. "Boldly put your foot in the ass and take the gun," the mother predicts to him, realizing that this is how the fate of her child will turn out. But even she is not allowed to know whether he can survive the bloody and incessant war. All that remains in this situation for an inconsolable woman is to pray to God that her son will come home. Therefore, the poet promises on her behalf: "I will give you on the road the image of the saint." This is all that a loving mother can do for her child, who gives her son an order not only to seek salvation in prayer, but also to remember the one that gave him life, and now dreams only of preserving it.
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