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"Cossack drove for the Danube"-Ukrainian romance, written by the Cossack Kharkov regiment, philosopher, poet Semyon Klimovsky. The song has been popular since at least the middle of the 18th century. The plot of the work should hardly be tied to some historical event. Although some researchers note the possibility that the song was written by the Cossack of the Kharkov regiment as an impression of the unsuccessful Turkish campaigns of Peter I, the first of which took place in 1710, around the time of the song's creation. The hero does not promise to return in three years. Quite accurately, the duration of all those trips is defined. It is three years of brutal military action. However, the number three may simply be a symbol, in Ukrainians it has always had sacred meaning. And the "Danube" itself in the folk tradition often symbolizes simply the river. The motive of separation of the Cossack with his girlfriend, the figurative mood of the song, the nature of the melody give reason to call it romance. It was first published in the songwrish by F. Gestenberg -пѣсенъ F. Dietmar from 1797-1798. In 1816, the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven took up the processing of the song "Cossack rode for the Danube". The composer was in a friendly relationship with Andrei Razumovsky, Russia's ambassador to Austria, who kept a large number of music publications in his Vienna palace. To Andrey Razumovsky Beethoven dedicated the fifth and sixth symphonic. On his order he wrote 3 quartet (7th, 8th and 9th string quartet), which were called "Razumovsky quartet". The son of the last hetman Kirill Razumovsky , A. Razumovsky had sentiment to the land and culture of his ancestors. Not without the influence of Razumovsky Beethoven interested in Ukrainian musical folklore. In its processing, the song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube" was updated; the voice that performs it was accompanied by piano, violin and cello; inherent original marching gave way to slower and gentler tones.
Semyon KLIMOVSKY. "Cossack drove beyond the Danube."-First published in the form:Prach I. Sobranye folk Russian pesens with their voices. St., 1790 (2nd ed. 1806; 3rd form. 1815). This song has gained great popularity in Russia and Western Europe, translated into German and French. M. Maksymovych contained it in his collection "Ruthenian pessimies. M., 1827, p. 83-84, 5 verses), adding in the notes the sixth verse ("You, my love, I will not forget..."). During the XIX century. song "Cossack drove beyond the Danube" was printed in many songwriters. About Kharkiv Cossack S. Klimovsky data hardly survived. He died around 1730, was the author of two poetic political treatises. The authorship of his song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube" was the first confirmed by the Russian historian M. Karamzin. The poet's popularity increased after he became the hero of the vaudeville opera of the Russian writer A. O. Shakhovsky "Cossack the Elements" (1812), negatively appreciated by critics.
Cossack drove beyond the Danube. The fate of this Ukrainian folk song has an adventure story. It appeared in xviii century. and immediately gained great popularity. There were several versions about when the song "Cossack drove beyond the Danube" was first published. The famous Russian historian and writer Nikolai Karamzin in the biographical dictionary "Pantheon of Russian Authors", published in 1801, for the first time calls the author of this song. This is Semyon Klimovsky, a Kharkiv poet who is well-known and respected in his company. It was believed that the song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube" was first published in 1790 in the collection "Sobranye folk Russian pesens with their voices", concluded by M. Lvov and I. Prach. But later it turned out that it came to their collection only in 1806 when re-published. However, this date of the first publication was inaccurate. In the State Public Library. M. Saltykova-Shchedrin, in St. Petersburg, art critics came across the third book collection of folk songs for piano. The second part of the book contained the text and music of this song. So, only in 1953 it was precisely established the date of the first publication "Cossack drove for the Danube"-1796. The song interested not only people who liked singing, but also professional musicians. In 1815-1816 pp. the great German composer Ludwig van Beethoven used the processing of the song "Cossack rode for the Danube" for voice, cello, violin and piano. Another time, he submitted it in "Variations on the Russian theme." The composer, without changing the melody of the song, gave her more rhythmicity. He obviously considered the song "the Cossack rode for the Danube" for the derivative, which is performed during the marches. Almost at the same time the song appears in print in England. Variations on the theme of this song were written by the German composer - the founder of the German romantic opera - Karl-Maria Weber. Her melody was translated for harp by French musician Maurice Dalvimar. The lyrical and romantic sound of the song "Cossack drove beyond the Danube" is a characteristic feature of Ukrainian vocal art of the late XVII-early XVIII centuries. A simple story about love and separation. Although it is based on a real-life event (which is typical for folk songs), the work becomes generalized. Ivan LEPSHA Mykola CHUBUK.
"Cossack drove for the Danube"-song of the universe. At the end of last year, the creative association of documentaries and feature films of the National Television and Radio Company of Ukraine presented to tv viewers a new documentary film "The Song of the Universe "The Cossack Rode for the Danube" (scriptwriter-Volodymyr Kachur, directors-Volodymyr Kachur, Snizhana Potapchuk, production operator-Volodymyr Targonsky). As for me, the documentary seemed quite interesting and emotional, because the life story of this song evokes a sense of admiration and national pride. I hope that this film is doomed to success, because the famous Ukrainian song "Cossack rode for the Danube" was small and, undoubtedly, has wild popularity in the whole world-from Europe to America. It is considered (of course, in its own versions) by its own people's Scots and Poles. And in this film, her translation was also heard in Chinese. The fate of the famous Ukrainian song "Cossack drove beyond the Danube", which became the spiritual and cultural heritage of our people, has an interesting almost three hundred years of history. This work spread to the Ukrainian territory in the XVIII century. But this motive has also gained popularity among the German people. The Germans considered it their own folk heritage, which found a wonderful continuation in the work of Beethoven. The composer has worked out the melody several times. Interesting variations on the theme of this song work was also made by the Italian composer Tommaso Traetta. The creative team of the film decided to find out how the notes of the song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube" fell into the hands of Beethoven and Tommaso Traetta, where the composers first heard this motif and who is actually the author of the song? The documentary film "The Song of the Universe "Cossack Rode beyond the Danube" proves reasonably that it is Semen Klymovsky, the Cossack of the Kharkov regiment, who owns the authorship of this song. Some scientists are inclined to believe that Semyon Klimovsky in his song work extremely successfully combined his own creative finds with the motifs of the famous song "Oh, do not go, Hrytsya, and on the evening". "First of all, I thank God, who brought us all who worked on the film into a single creative cell. I thank Him for revealing to me the name of Gregory Boredy, a researcher of the song "Cossack rode for the Danube", because it was from his writings that I learned a lot about this work,-says the scriptwriter Vladimir Kachur.-In the film, we explore the question: when exactly did Semyon Klimovsky write the song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube", which prompted him to write this work? As a result, we came to the conclusion that the events of 1709-the defeat near Poltava and the destruction of Hetmanate-prompted Semen Klimovsky to write a song with marching rhythmic intonations that would awaken the Cossacks spirit of freedom and heroism. Folk song in the field of view of the German composer. In the St. Petersburg Public Library there is a unique relic-a notebook of the great German composer Ludwig van Beethoven. And in it there are handwritten musical recordings of the composer, which he made in 1816, among them six songs (without text). One of the melodies is the motif of the famous Ukrainian song "Cossack drove beyond the Danube". How did the Ukrainian folk song find itself in the sight of the German composer? This is what the famous local historian and historian Stanislav Tsalyk writes about it. According to one version, the song came to Germany together with soldiers of the Russian army, which fought Napoleon-among the winners were many Ukrainians. There is another version, according to which the song was brought by the German traveler Elsa Ryoke after visiting Russia and Ukraine in 1796. The most pereconvinious is still the following version. Arriving in 1792 in Vienna, Beethoven met the son of the last Ukrainian hetman Kirill Razumovsky-Andrey Razumovsky, the Ambassador of Russia to Austria. The embassy estate in Vienna, with its famous musical evenings, was a kind of "Ukrainian island"-ukrainian music performed by Ukrainian singers and bandura players enjoyed its continued success here. Since 1806, Beethoven, along with other celebrities of that time, was a frequent visitor to embassy evenings. It is no secret that the composer liked the Ukrainian songs heard here-extremely melodic, singing and touching. Andrey Razumovsky ordered beethoven three quartets, and the composer fulfilled the order. In the first quartet, he used the melody of the Ukrainian folk song "Oh, outside the meteor", in the second and third - variations on the theme of the song "From Kyiv to Luben". Interestingly, these three quartets are considered the pinnacle of Beethoven's work. The famous French writer Romain Roland enthusiastically responded to these works: "I dare even say that they are better than all other quartet. In addition to original thinking and unheard of courage, they are characterized by symphonic perfection of sound." Beethoven and the Ukrainian dance "Kozachok" became interested. The composer used his melody in his work twice: in the 8th sonata for violin and piano, as well as in the first part of the 16th sonata for piano. Melodies of Cossack songs heard in Razumovsky are contained in the final part of "Apationates" (Sonata No. 23, Opus 57) and in the famous 9th Symphony, and in one of his sonatas the Ukrainian song "One Mountain High" sounds. More than once the great composer turned to the song "Cossack drove for the Danube". For the first time-in 1815-1816, preparing a collection of Scottish (!) folk songs, which he ordered edinburgh publisher G. Thomson. Working on the collection, the composer decided to add Slavic to Scottish songs, issuing a collection under a different name-"Songs of different nations". Then he started a notebook, which was discussed at the beginning of the article. For unknown reasons, the maestro never sent a notebook to the publisher. The notebook was stored in the composer's archive, and after his death went to auction, thus being in the St. Petersburg Public Library. A little later, Beethoven returned to his favorite Ukrainian song, this time he worked it out to voice accompanied by piano, violin and cello. The third time he took up the song in 1810, he created a new arrangement for piano and flute (Opus 107). This work was published in the same year in the collection "Variations on the Russian theme" (Ukraine at that time was part of the Russian Empire). And our song is heard by continents. However, not only Beethoven was fond of the song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube". In 1818, the German and Austrian composer Johan Hummel, Mozart's disciple, created an excellent finish to this song for piano, cello and flute (Opus 78). In 1839 it was processed for the men's choir by the German composer Johan-Christian-Friedrich Schneider. As a result, numerous amateur groups and choirs, which at that time were many in Germany, began to perform this song and made it quite popular in Europe. Variations on the theme "Cossack drove beyond the Danube", as already noted, was also written by the Italian composer Tommaso Traetta, and the Italian translation - Dominicis. The French translation of the song was made by one of the Polish emigrants, who were then many in Paris. Most likely, the author of the translation is Sovinsky, who published a French translation of the song in his collection "Polish folk and popular songs". However, this Ukrainian song owes its true popularity in France to the Polish composer and violinist, the great teacher Nicolo Paganini , Karol Lypynsky, who performed in Paris with great success, performing among others and "The Cossack rode for the Danube". In 1814, Weclav Hanka published in Vienna the translation "Cossack rode beyond the Danube" into Czech. In 1815, notes of the song and its English translation were printed in the American city of Philadelphia. The following year, notes and text were published in the English capital of London, and in 1822 in the American Baltimore. This is our song, created three centuries ago by the Cossack Semyon Klymovsky. It did not go into oblivion, but on the contrary, becomes not only our folk, but also the song of four continents. And the film about the fate of the song, dynamically mounted, filled with beautiful voices of soloists and the National Honored Bandurist Chapel of Ukraine named after G. Mayboroda, once again reminds the audience of our spiritual heritage and causes pride for our talented ancestors.
Cossack of Kharkiv regiment, philosopher, poet, author of the song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube". He was born at the turn of XVII and XVIII centuries.
The author of the famous song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube", Kharkiv Cossack Semyon Klimovsky has long been considered a legendary figure. The authorship of his song "Cossack rode beyond the Danube" was the first confirmed by the Russian historian M. Karamzin. He was also acquainted with other works of S. Klimovsky "On the truth and generosity of benefactors" and "On justice of chiefs." The mystery remains the question of in what years the poet lived. It is only clear that his life was very long, maybe even more than a century old. In 1724, he was apparently a very young man. Klimovsky ended his life at the end of the XVIII century. in the steppes of the former Wild Field, where he and a friend founded the farm Pryputni. It was here that the old poet was caught by a certain Mykola Levitsky, who in 1818 printed on the pages of the Kharkiv magazine "Ukrainian West" his essay-memoir "Woody Pryputny (Kherson lip., Elisavetgr. ezda)". This essay was found by Gregory Boredga and contained it in his book "Cossack. Philosopher. Poet". However, his findings would have been incomplete if it were not for Fyodor Plotnir, who found in the archives the place of the now-disappeared farm Pryputni-near Nova Praha (Alexandria district, Kirovohrad region). On the feast of the Intercession on October 14, 2003, a memorial sign was installed on the site of the farm Pryputni. The village is long gone: the last inhabitants got out of here during the famine of 1932 - 1933. If you go from the regional center in the direction of Alexandria, then turn the trail near the village of Vasine, then a few kilometers of the steppe road-and here it is a deep beam, where it once appeared with his friend Semyon Klimovsky. At the bottom of the beam shines a large pond, opposite which, on a hill near Khomchyny Grove, surrounded by high populism stood the house of Klimovsky, where Nikolai Levitsky visited. Old Cossack he caught with Goracius and Virgil in his hands. Peasants in straw blocks just returned from the field. The sun was coming. The owner led the guest to the mountain-every evening he so escorted the celestial luminesis. Levitsky remembered the words that it makes sense only that life, which can be said that it is charitable: the relationship between Klimovsky and peasants was also carried out by charity: the picture painted by M. Levitsky is almost idyllic. Part of this idylit is the rye advice of the wise "master" Klimovsky, as well as the songs with which he bestends rural youth. The song "Cossack drove for the Danube" is also mentioned in the essay. The poet's popularity increased after he became the hero of the vaudeville opera russian writer A.O. Shakhovsky "Cossack-element" (1812), which enjoyed noisy success among the audience. However, only in 1905 historian Vsevolod Sreznevsky was lucky to find in the personal library of Peter I and publish two handwritten works, which signed "bad weather slave Kharkov Cossack Semyon Klimov", making them the property of all interesting. And nowadays the researcher of literary antiquity Valery Shevchuk translated the writings of the poet of the XVIII century. in modern Ukrainian and placed in one of the volumes "Anthology of Ukrainian Poetry". The works "On the truth and generosity of philanthropists" and "On justice of chiefs" are extremely interesting from many perspectives. "The king is dead without truth," S. Klimovsky wrote. And then he painted a picture of that moral decline, which the ruler dooms society, which "falls... the abyss is bad." Darkness, lies, rage, "moral sickness"-this is the fee for disregarding the truth. "Pravda dislike" is not worthy to be king, Klimovsky says, because during his lifetime he becomes "dead-handed"...The author moralizes, promising that grace will be shed from heaven only to those who "do the work under the truth." And this is not a cold scientific moralization, but a passionate spell, designed for the "pedagogical" effect of demonstrating a moral dilemma: "It is more in the crushing surfaces with the truth and the chlad to endure, the nezhel, the king of the beat, the truth not to be called." Researchers of S. Klimovsky's creativity Grigory Nudga and Valery Shevchuk drew attention to the political context in which the treatises addressed to Peter I appeared "Kharkiv Cossack". The policy of revenge on Ukraine "for Mazepa" gave terrible consequences. The economy was robbed, a lot of people were exterminated, restrictions on Ukrainian printing were introduced. In 1722 abolished Hetmanate. To rule Ukraine from now on was "Little Russian Collegium" led by Brigadier Velyaminov. Pavlo Polubotok, who went to St. Petersburg to "speak" for Ukrainians at least for the right, did not return home-he died in the Petropavlovsk fortress. Manuscript (manuscript, in which S. Klimovsky manually rewritten his works) found V. Sreznevsky, who published it in 1905 in Kharkov. The manuscript is stored in St. Petersburg in the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The life of S. Klimovsky, as a rule, is associated with the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, where he allegedly studied (although in the encyclopedia "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in names" there are no mentions of Klimovsky). M. Karamzin considered him a nugget, a "student of nature", which, unfortunately, "did not learn art." It is unlikely that such a view has grounds, since the works of the poet who came to us testify to his good knowledge of languages, literature and philosophy. Among those who were Klimov spiritually closest, the first should be called Horaca. The song "Cossack drove beyond the Danube" was printed in many songwriters. The plot of the work should hardly be tied to some historical event. Although some researchers note the possibility that the song was written by the Cossack of the Kharkov regiment as an impression of the unsuccessful Turkish campaigns of Peter I, the first of which took place in 1710, around the time of the song's creation. The hero does not promise to return in three years. The duration of all those hikes is quite accurate. It is three years of brutal military action. However, the number three may simply be a symbol, in Ukrainians it has always had sacred meaning. And the "Danube" itself in the folk tradition often symbolizes simply the river. The motive of separation of the Cossack with his girlfriend, the figurative mood of the song, the nature of the melody give reason to call it a romance. This song has gained great popularity in Russia and Western Europe, translated into German and French. In the era of Romanticism, many new texts were written, which were performed to the tune "Cossack rode beyond the Danube". Their authors are such popular Russian poets of the first half. 19th century, as O. Merzlyakov and O. Somov. Composers and poets created more and more variations on the themes of Ukrainian song: Aria Lesta in the opera of viennese composer F. Kauer "Flattery, Dnieper mermaid" (1803), opera by K. Kavosa "Cossack-element" (1812), poems of young A. Pushkin "Cossack". Semyon Carpetovsky died in the village of Pryputni, Kherson lips. Yelysavetgrad district (near the modern village of Nova Praha, in Alexandria district in Kirovohrad region) at the turn of xviii and XIX centuries.
THE COSSAK WAS ACROSS THE DANUBE ...The St. Petersburg Public Library keeps a unique relic - a notebook of the great German composer Ludwig van Beethoven. It contains the composer's own handwritten notes made by him in 1816, in particular, the notes (without words) of six songs. The melody of one of them is the motive of the popular Ukrainian song "Have a Cossack for the Danube...". How did the Ukrainian folk song come to the attention of the German composer? According to one version, the song came to Germany along with the soldiers of the Russian army that fought against Napoleon - there were many Ukrainians among the winners. According to another version, the song was brought by the German traveler Elsa Röke, who visited Russia and Ukraine in 1796. The most convincing, however, should be recognized as the following version. Living in Vienna since 1792, Beethoven met the son of the last Ukrainian hetman, Kirill Razumovsky, Andrei Razumovsky, the Russian ambassador to Austria. The embassy mansion in Vienna with its famous musical evenings was a kind of "Ukrainian island" - it was Ukrainian music performed by Ukrainian singers and bandura players that enjoyed constant success here. From 1806, Beethoven, along with other celebrities of the time, was a frequent visitor to embassy parties. It's no secret that the composer liked the Ukrainian songs he heard here - amazingly melodic, melodious, exciting. Andrei Razumovsky ordered three quartets from Beethoven, and the composer fulfilled this order. In the first quartet, he included the melody of the Ukrainian folk song “Oy nadvori blizzard”, in the second and third - variations on the theme of the song “Od Kiev to Luben”. It is noteworthy that these three quartets are one of the pinnacles of Beethoven's work. The famous French writer Romain Rolland (Rolland) enthusiastically spoke about these works: “I even dare to say that they are higher than all the quartets. In addition to original invention and unheard-of courage, they are characterized by symphonic perfection of sound. Beethoven's interest was also aroused by the Ukrainian dance "Cossack". The composer used his melody in his work twice: in the 8th sonata for violin and piano, and also in the first part of the 16th sonata for piano. The melodies of the Cossack songs heard from Razumovsky were included by the maestro in the final part of the “Apensionata” (Sonata No.23, Op.57) and the famous 9th symphony, and in one of his sonatas the Ukrainian song “One High Mountain” sounds…The great composer turned to the song "Hav a Cossack across the Danube ..." several times. For the first time - in 1815-1816, preparing a collection of Scottish (!) Folk songs, which he was ordered by a publisher from Edinburgh, G. Thomson. In the process of work, the composer had the idea to add Slavic songs to Scottish songs, publishing a collection under a new name - “Songs of Different Nations”. It was then that they started a notebook, which was mentioned at the beginning of this article. For unknown reasons, the maestro never sent the notebook to the publisher, it was kept in the composer's archive, and after his death it was sold at auction, from where it ended up in the St. Petersburg Public Library. A little later, Beethoven again returned to the Ukrainian song he liked, this time processing it for voice, accompanied by piano, violin and cello. The third time he turned to the song in 1810, he made a new arrangement - for piano and flute (Op. 107). This work of his was published in the same year in the collection "Variations on a Russian Theme" (Ukraine was then part of the Russian Empire). However, not only Beethoven admired the song "Have a Cossack for the Danube ...". In 1818, the German and Austrian composer Johann Hummel (Hummel), a student of Mozart, made an excellent arrangement of this song for piano, cello and flute (Op. 78). In 1839, the German composer Johann-Christian-Friedrich Schneider (Schneider) arranged it for the male choir. As a result, many amateur groups and choirs, which were then numerous in Germany, began to perform this song, making it extremely popular in Europe. Variations on the theme "Having a Cossack across the Danube..." were also made by the Italian composer Tommaso Traetta, and the Italian translation by Dominicis. The French translation of the song was made by one of the Polish emigrants, who were then many in Paris. Most likely - Sovinsky, who published the French translation of the song "Have a Cossack across the Danube ..." in his collection "Polish Folk and Popular Songs". However, this Ukrainian song owes its real popularity in France to the Polish composer and violinist, a student of the great Nikolo Paganini - Karol Lypynsky, who performed with great success in Paris, performing, among others, this song. In 1814, Witezslav Ganka published in Vienna a translation of the song "Have a Cossack across the Danube..." into Czech. In 1815, the notes of this song and its English translation were printed in the American city of Philadelphia. The following year, the notes and text were published in the English capital - London, and in 1822 - in the American Baltimore. Here is a fragment of one of the translations. THE COSSAC AND HIS LOVE. Mounted on his sable steed, Hurry to war the bold Cossac; Tender accents check his speed, Fondly call him back. She. Gallant youth, love bids thee stay; Mark those tears that flow for them; Yet, if needs thou must Think, oh, think of me. In the early twentieth century, new translations of this song appeared in the United States. Singers, composers, arrangers became interested in her. In 1925, she was included in the operetta Song of the Flame as the central duet of the entire work - it is performed by lovers during separation. This operetta was a huge success, went on the stage of the New York Opera 219 times in a row (!), And the next year was shot on film. The Ukrainian melody for this operetta was arranged by the famous American composers Herbert Stosat, the author of music for many Hollywood films, and the famous George Gershwin. By the way, it turned out that Gershwin spent his childhood in New York on the street called ... "Little Ukraine" (!) - probably, many emigrants from Ukraine lived there. In any case, according to Gershwin himself, In the same 1925, the fundamental multi-volume edition of the International Library of Music for Vocalists was published in the USA. In the VI volume, among the best songs of all times and peoples, the Ukrainian one is also printed - "Hav a Cossack for the Danube ...". By Stanislav Tsalyk
Additional references updating
https://mamayeva-sloboda.kyiv.ua/publ/yihav-kozak-za-dunai/
http://www.kozatstvo.net.ua/ua/publications/uk_r.php?d=a&i=2662
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