כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
To restore the song in the original language if it does not appear after clicking on the name of the song marked here with a bottom line or to find additional versions Copy/Paste the song name in the original language from this page to the YOUTUBE website
התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
Dubinushka-Russian song-Lyrics: Vasiliy Ivanovich Bogdanov, Alexander Alexandrovich Olkhin-Hebrew: Zvi Gilad [Grimi]-Melody: Folk song-Singing: Izzy Hod-Arrangement, music, recording and editing: Meir Raz.
Notes written by Izzy Hod: The song, Dubinushka, is a song that has many versions and all of them were born mainly in the villages located along the, Volga river. The original lyrics to the poem were written by the poet, Bogdanov, sometimes between 1852 and 1860 and later reworked by the poet, Olkhin. The author of the melody is not known. Dubinushka, is a wooden trunk attached to cargo ships that sailed on the rivers of, Russia, especially Volga, in order to flood them away from the river floor and thus prevent unnecessary friction between the ship and the river. This made it very easy for the, Burlaks, ship-pulling porters, who operated along the villages of the, Volga, in the pre-motorized period. But the poem itself was written about an earlier stage in the preparation of the, Dubinushka, in which a rope was tied to the top of the tree and the foresters would pull the top to uproot the tree. Then began the processing of the tree trunk to, Dubinushka. The adapted version of, Olkhin, written in 1880, was published in several underground newspapers, followed by several versions, some of them gained access during the, Civil War, in, Russia, and were flag songs of several revolutions, successful and unsuccessful, in Russia. The English, mentioned in the poem, refers to the, English Royal Navy, which between the years 1918 and 1920, stayed in the, Caspian Sea, near the estuary of the, Volga, and supported the fighters against the, Bolsheviks, in the, Civil War. I have heard many songs of sorrow and contentment, says the young, Volga ship puller, but of all of them I remember one song, the song about the, Dubinushka, about those who pull the rope together to uproot the tree destined for the creation of the, Dubinushka. Oh, Dubinushka, you help when pulling the ship is especially difficult. And when you are with us and we pull and pull, the ship moves. The English already have other easier inventions, but we are, Russians, our hands are tired and our hearts ache and then the time comes to sing the, Dubinushka song. It's time for workers to wake up, raise their heads and no longer bend it down.
Additional notes written by Izzy Hod: Two related songs exist, one its name is, Dubinushka [meaning green club (tree)], the other its name is, Hey-Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull]. The two songs were translated to our website by Grimi [Zvi Gilad] who gave them their names, both according to their original names in the original language, Russian, and also to differentiate them from each other, because their literal content is very similar, however, relatively different too. We found that there is room again, to try to connect and then separate the songs according to their similar and different content. The reason? The two songs are sometimes called in the literature by the same name, Dubinushka-Дубинушка, or, in general, by some other names. The song was born somewhere in a rural Russian, time and place, unknown. The authors are also unknown. The first meeting with the songs in a known time and place was, probably, by the initiative of the composer, Mili Alekseevich Balakirev, who in the mid-sixties of the nineteenth century [the dates differ in different sources between 1857 and 1861], recorded the poem, Hey-Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull] from the editor, poet and playwright, Nikolai Makarovich Olynikov and in the same time [probably 1861], published the poem in his book, The Collection of Russian Folk Songs. The song did not have a well-known poet and composer at that time and there was only one stanza in the song, Hey-Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull], yes! Hey-Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull], yes! Give another and additional pull, Hey-Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull], yes! Hey-Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull], yes! Again, pull and pull. Solid and curled birch trunk is cut down. Hi da da hi da, hi da da hi da, Solid and curled birch trunk, is cut down and in once, is touched down. This song was probably a rural song that described the work of the villagers in the action of expanding agricultural areas by uprooting the birch trees, in the groves and forests around the villages. The origin of the call, Hey Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull] in the original song, which was translated into Hebrew to, Hey Pull, is in the action of cut down birch trees, by pulling on a rope tied to the top of the tree. This is how the name of the song was born, Hey ukhniem [meaning-lets pull] [and later it was also called, the song of the Boat tugs (borlaks) of the Volga]. The publication of the poem's content probably stimulated at that time, the writing of a new poem, by the poet and naval doctor, Vasily Ivanovich Bogdanov, under the name, Dubinushka [meaning green club (tree)], and at the end of the nineteenth century [probably in 1880] it was reedited by the poet and lawyer, Alexander Alexandrovich Olkhin, who fought against slavery and corruption, in order that the song would appear more revolutionary [toward the revolutions in Russia that ended in the October Revolution of 1917]. The first stanza of Bogdanov and Olkhin, in the song, Dubinushka [meaning green club (tree)], recalled the story of the group of workers pulling the rope tied to the top of the tree in the song, Hey ukhniem [meaning-lets pull], but, the ones being pulled, are no longer the birch trees, but the cargo boats, on the Volga River. I have long heard songs about land and sea, they told me about grief or sorrow, but I will remember only one song out of all of them, because it tells about a bunch of people pulling together Dubinushka [meaning green club (tree)], Ukhniem [meaning-lets pull], you help when the cargo is heavy, pull and pull and she moved. This is how the song Dubinushka [meaning green club (tree)] was added to the song Hey Ukhniem [meaning green club (tree)] for the first time. Dubinushka is an affectionate nickname for a felled tree trunk, which was attached to the bottom of a cargo boat on the river, in order to float it above the bottom of the river and thus, ease the friction between the boat and the bottom of the river and hence, ease the pull of the ship. The pull in the song Dubinushka is relates to the pull during the felling of the tree, from which the Dubinushka was prepared, to topple it, after it was cut off from its roots. The continuation of the poem, Dubinushka, is telling the story, the burlaks, [a kind of porters], peasants from a village who were obliged, for almost zero wages, and under conditions of slavery and tyranny, to pull boats along and up stream of the Volga, from their village to the neighboring village, where they were replaced by the people of the nearby village, under the same unbearably difficult conditions, which later caused the future uprising of the burlaks, against the regime of slavery and tyranny. A phenomenon first seen in the sixteenth century. There is a version that says that the term, burlaks, originates from the name of an affluent, honest and reliable merchant named, Burlakov, who employed the many burlaks that asked to work for him. The English, mentioned in the poem Dubinushka, refers to the English Royal Navy, which supported the fighters against the revolutionaries [later against the Bolsheviks] until the end of the Russian Civil War. The continuation of the stanzas of the song, Hey Ukhniem, does indeed mention the Volga, but only in a hint together with the pull of the boat along it, without a revolutionary attitude.
This is the content of the song Dubinushka, I have already heard songs about land and sea, they told me about sorrow or joy, but only one song I will remember most of all, about that group that pulls with me together. Hi Dubinushka, Ukhniem, you help when the yoke is heavy, you pull and pull and she moves. The Englishman is cunning and invents inventions, how the craft has become routine. The Russian witnesses death, his hands will touch his heart then he pours out in the Dobina song. Hi Dubinushka, Ukhniem, you help when the yoke is heavy, you pull and pull and she moves. Come a time, when the worker will face his day, his body will be upright and his head will not be bowed down, and he will strike wherever they suck his blood, with a beloved beam, the dobina. Hi Dubinushka, Ukhniem, you help when the yoke is heavy, you pull and pull and she moves. I have already heard songs about land and sea, they told me about sorrow or joy, but only one song I will remember most of all, about that group that pulls with me together. Hi Dubinushka, Ukhniem, you help when the yoke is heavy, you pull and pull and she moves.
This is the content of the song Hey Ukhniem, Hey pull, pull! Hey pull pull! Give another pull and another. Hey pull pull! Hey pull pull! Again pull and add another. A strong and curled birch tree is felled, felled at once. Hi da da hi da, hi da da hi da, it's curled, it's been cut. It's curled, in one felled. Hey pull, pull! Hey pull, pull! Give another pull, and another. We will walk with the river, to the sun the song will sang. Hi da da hi da, hi da da hi da, to the sun above, this song is sang. Hey hey, we'll pull and not let go, give us another push and pull, hey pull, yes! Hey pull, yes! Give another pull and another. Volga, the beloved mother, you are deep and wide. Hi here, here, here, here, here, you are deep and wide. Hey hey, so many miles. Volga Volga mother river. Hey pull, pull! Hey pull, pull! Give another pull and another. Hey pull, pull! Hey pull, pull! Give another pull and another. Hey pull, pull Hi pull, pull.
בחזרה לשירי ארבות הוולגה
שני שירים, האחד מופיע באתר שלנו בשם, דובינושקה-Дубинушка, השני מופיע באתר שלנו בשם, היי נמשוכה-Эй, ухнем. שני השירים תורגמו לאתר שלנו על ידי, גרימי [צבי גלעד] אשר נתן להם את שמם, גם על פי שמם בשפת המקור, רוסית וגם כדי להבדיל ביניהם, כי תוכנם המילולי דומה מאד, אך לחנם שונה. מצאנו שיש שוב מקום, לנסות לחבר ואחר כך להפריד את השירים על פי תוכנם הדומה. הסיבה? שני השירים נקראים לפעמים בספרות באותו השם, דובינושקה-Дубинушка, או, בכלל בשמות אחרים. השיר נולד אי שם בזמן ובמרחב רוסי כפרי, לא ידועים. כך גם המחברים אינם ידועים. המפגש בזמן ובמרחב ידועים, היה, כנראה לראשונה, ביוזמתו של המלחין, מילי אלכסייביץ' באלאקירב, שבאמצע שנות השישים של המאה התשע עשרה [התאריכים שונים במקורות שונים בין 1857 ו-1861], רשם את השיר מהעורך, המשורר והמחזאי, ניקולאי מאקארוביץ אולייניקוב ובאותו מרחב זמן [כנראה 1961], פרסם את השיר בספרו, אוסף שירי העם הרוסיים. לשיר לא היו אז עוד משורר ומלחין ידועים והיה לא בית אחד בלבד, הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! תְנוּ עוֹד מְשִיכוֹנֶת וְנוֹסֶפֶת. הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! שׁוּב נִמְשוֹכָה וְנוֹסִיפָה. עֵץ לִיבְנֶה מוּצָק נִכְרָת, מְסוּלְסָל בְּבַת אַחַת. הָי דָא דָא הָי דָא, הָי דָא דָא הָי דָא, מְסוּלְסָל זֶה, חִישׁ נִכְרָת. מְסוּלְסָל זֶה, בְּאַחַת מָט [צבי גלעד, גרימי]. השיר הזה, היה כנראה, שיר כפרי שתיאר את עבודתם של הכפריים בהרחבת שטחי חקלאות על ידי עקירת עצי הלבנה, בחורשות והיערות בסביבת הכפרים. מקורה של הקריאה בשיר המקורי, היי אוכניים, שתורגמה לעברית, היי נמשוכה, הוא בעבודה קבוצתית של הפלת עצי ליבנה, ע"י משיכה בחבל שנקשר לצמרת העץ. כך נולד שם השיר, היי נמשוכה [ומאוחר יותר נקרא גם, שיר גוררי הספינות (בורלאקים) של הוולגה]. פרסום תוכן השיר, עורר כנראה באותה תקופה, כתיבת שיר חדש, על ידי המשורר ורופא הצי, וואסילי איבאנוביץ' בוגדאנוב, בשם, דובינושקה, ובסוף המאה התשע עשרה [כנראה בשנת 1880] ערך אותו מחדש המשורר ועורך הדין, אלכסנדר אלכסנדרוביץ' אולכין, שלחם בעבדות ובשחיתות, כך שיראה מהפכני יותר [לקראת המהפכות ברוסיה שהסתיימו במהפכת אוקטובר 1917]. הבית הראשון של, בוגדאנוב ואולכין, בשיר, דובינושקה, הזכיר את סיפור המשיכה הקבוצתית בחבל בשיר, היי נמשוכה, אך, הנמשכים, כבר אינם עצי הלבנה, אלא, אראבות המשא, על נהר הוולגה. כְּבָר שָׁמַעְתִּי שִׁירִים עֲלֵי אֶרֶץ וָיָם, הֵם סִפְּרוּ לִי עַל צַעַר אוֹ נַחַת, אֲבָל שִׁיר רַק אֶחָד אֶזְכְּרָה מִכֻּלָּם, עַל אוֹתָהּ חֲבוּרַת מוֹשְׁכֵי יַחַד. הֵי דּוּבִּינוּשְׁקָה, אוּכְנְייֶם, אַתְּ עוֹזֶרֶת כְּשֶׁהָעֹל כָּבֵד, מוֹשְׁכִים וּמוֹשְׁכִים וְהִיא זָזָה. כך צורפה לראשונה, הדובינושקה, לשירים האלה. תחילה בשיר, דובינושקה ואחר כך ברמז בלבד לשיר, היי נמשוכה [אזכרת הוולגה]. מה לדובינושקה ולאראבות הוולגה?, דובינושקה, הוא כינוי חיבה, לגזע עץ כרות, שהיה מוצמד אל האראבה הנמשכת על הנהר, כדי להציפה מעל קרקעית הנהר ובכך, להקל על החיכוך בין הספינה וקרקעית הנהר ומכאן, על משיכת הספינה. המשיכה בשיר, נוגעת למשיכה בעת כריתת העץ, ממנו הוכנה, הדובינושקה, להפלתו, לאחר שנותק משורשיו. המשך השיר, דובינושקה, כבר סיפר את את סיפור, הבורלאקים, [מעין סבלים], איכרים בני כפר שחויבו, בשכר אפסי, ובתנאי עבדות ועריצות, למשוך ספינות לאורך ובמעלה הוולגה, מכפרם ועד הכפר הסמוך, שם החליפו אותם בני הכפר הסמוך, באותם תנאים וכן, את ההתקוממות העתידה של הבורלאקים, כנגד משטר העבדות והעריצות. תופעה שנראתה לראשונה במאה השש עשרה. הָאַנְגְּלִי עַרְמוּמִי וּמַמְצִיא הַמְצָאוֹת, אֵיךְ עֲשׂוֹת הַמְּלָאכָה לְרוּטִינָה. הָרוּסִי עֲדֵי מָוֶת יָדָיו יְגֵעוֹת, לֵב שׁוֹפֵךְ אָז בְּשִׁיר הַדּוּבִּינָה. הֵי דּוּבִּינוּשְׁקָה, אוּכְנְייֶם, אַתְּ עוֹזֶרֶת כְּשֶׁהָעֹל כָּבֵד, מוֹשְׁכִים וּמוֹשְׁכִים וְהִיא זָזָה. בּוֹאִי עֵת, עֵת יֵעוֹר הָעוֹבֵד אֶל יוֹמוֹ, גֵּו יִזְקֹף וְרֹאשׁוֹ לֹא יַרְכִּינָה, וְיַכֶּה בַּאֲשֶׁר מָצְצוּ אֶת דָּמוֹ, בְּקוֹרָה אֲהוּבָה, הַדּוּבִּינָה. הֵי דּוּבִּינוּשְׁקָה, אוּכְנְייֶם, אַתְּ עוֹזֶרֶת כְּשֶׁהָעֹל כָּבֵד, מוֹשְׁכִים וּמוֹשְׁכִים וְהִיא זָזָה. כְּבָר שָׁמַעְתִּי שִׁירִים עֲלֵי אֶרֶץ וָיָם, הֵם סִפְּרוּ לִי עַל צַעַר אוֹ נַחַת, אֲבָל שִׁיר רַק אֶחָד אֶזְכְּרָה מִכֻּלָּם, עַל אוֹתָהּ חֲבוּרַת מוֹשְׁכֵי יַחַד. הֵיי דּוּבִּינוּשְׁקָה, אוּכְנְייֶם, אַתְּ עוֹזֶרֶת כְּשֶׁהָעֹל כָּבֵד, מוֹשְׁכִים וּמוֹשְׁכִים וְהִיא זָזָה. ישנה גרסה האומרת שהמונח, בורלאקים, מקורו בשמו של סוחר אמיד, ישר ואמין בשם, בורלאקוב, שהיה מעסיק את רב הבורלאקים שרבים בקשו לעבוד אצלו. האנגלי, המוזכר בשיר, מתייחס לצי המלכותי האנגלי, שתמך בלוחמים נגד המהפכנים [אחר כך נגד הבולשביקים] עד סוף מלחמת האזרחים הרוסית. המשך הבתים של השיר, היי נמשוכה, מזכיר אמנם את, הוולגה, אך רק ברמז גם את משיכת האראבות לאורכה, ללא גוון מהפכני. הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! תְנוּ עוֹד מְשִׁיכָה, וְנוֹסֶפֶת. נְהָלֵךְ עִם הַנָהָר, לַחַמָה הַשִׁיר יוּשָׁר. הָי דָא דָא הָי דָא, הָי דָא דָא הָי דָא, לַחַמָה מֵעָל, שִׁיר זֶה יוּשָׁר. הֵיי הֵיי, נִמְשֹׁךְ וְלֹא נְרַפֶּה, תְנוּ עוֹד מְשִׁיכוֹנֶת וְנוֹסֶפֶת, הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! תְנוּ עוֹד מְשִיכוֹנֶת וְנוֹסֶפֶת. ווֹלְגָה אֵם הָאֲהוּבָה, עֲמוּקָה אַת וּרְחָבָה. הָי דָא דָא הָי דָא, הָי דָא דָא הָי דָא, עֲמוּקָה אַתְּ וּרְחָבָה. הֵיי הֵיי, מִלִּים כָּל כָּךְ הַרְבֵּה. ווֹלְגָה ווֹלְגָה אֵם נָהָר. הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! תְנוּ עוֹד מְשִׁיכָה וְנוֹסֶפֶת. הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵש! תְנוּ עוֹד מְשִׁיכָה וְנוֹסֶפֶת. הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ! הֵיי מְשׁוֹךְ, יֵשׁ. השירים אכן משרתים יחד את ההנחה, שתחילה היו אלה שירי עם של איכרים בכפרם, על כל עבודה קשה שהצריכה צוות עבודה הפועל בקצב זהה, אחר כך הופיעו השירים של כורתי העצים, לאחריהם השירים של מושכי הספינות על הנהרות, ואחריהם שירי המחתרות לקראת מהפכת 1917, כולם מבוססים על אותו הלחן העממי.
Texts from the references
There are many variants of the revolutionary "Dubinushka": the author's text by Vasily Bogdanov, published in 1865, based on it by the author's text by Alexander Olkhin, published in 1885 (it was widely distributed in the underground press), as well as anonymous and authorial versions, including further reworkings of Olkhin's text. The song does not have a common canonical text. In the future, "Dubinushka" served as the basis for other revolutionary songs. There were, for example, "Student Dubinushka" ("I heard many songs in Butyrskaya prison..."). On the basis of Olkhin's version in the late 1890s, "The Machine"was created, which gradually supplanted "Dubinushka" and became one of the most popular songs of the first Russian Revolution (1905-1907), and now almost forgotten (its likely author was a young Leo Trotsky). On the contrary, "Dubinushka" is still sing. The melody resembles the motif of the candid song "Only in Siberia will take care of dawn" (it is also used in the Red Army song "There, far beyond the river").
"Dubina" (pronounced doo-bee-nah) means "the wooden club". "Dubinushka" (pronounced doo-bee-noosh-kah) is a diminutive form of the same word (note the suffix "-ushk-"). The song is a work song, sung by workers doing hard manual labor, helping them to keep the rythm of their collective efforts. As opposed to the American "Yo-ho-ho, and the bottle of rum", sung by the seamen moving the capstan.
"Dubinushka" is a revolutionary song created in the 1860s on the basis of the addition and author's treatment by Vasily Bogdanov and Alexander Olhin folk song. This song became a revolutionary symbol of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was especially known, in particular, by its performance by Fyodor Shalyapin. There are a number of variations based on the revolutionary song.
The song was recorded and then published no later than 1852, when an article appeared in the Journal of the Ministry of the Interior, authored by P. Nebolsin. Mentions of "Dubinushka" in literature have been found since at least the 1860s (for example, in N. M. Sokolovsky's "Ostrog and Life", 1866). The folk song "Dubinushka", recorded in Morshan county,was included in the "Collection of Russian folk lyrical songs by N.M. Lopatin and V.P. Prokunin" (1889).
As the researchers of Russian songs point out, the choruses used in different combinations ("Dubina, the cudgel!", "Let's go, let's go!", "Hey, we're going to die! Oh, green, she'll go!" - see Dubinushka (options)-go back to the ancient way of uprooting trees under the arable land: first cut the roots of trees, then pulled the tree by the rope tied to the top. If you pull properly, then the "green tannin" (tree) "will go". Folk songs with these common choruses served as the basis for the creation of V.I. Bogdanov and A. A. Olkin's well-known literary songs (see below) These songs had no narrative plot, being a kind of "working instrument" (so-called "labor choruses"), necessary to set a certain pace of work, as well as to occupy the workers (cf. songs of ancient Greek rowers, black working songs or chanti songs of sailors of the British fleet). The choruses of these lumberjack songs then passed into the songs of the burlaks (the same peasants who were engaged in waste fishing), pulling ships on rivers against the current. As a rule, songs were sung to synchronize and coordinate the forces of the Burlatsk Artel in one of the most tense moments: the strogaging of the bark from the place after the rise of the anchor. It is pointed out that when the bark was loaded with stone, there were moments when the sediment of the ship increased and it snugly landed on the bottom. Then the burlaks cut down a huge pine tree, dragged it into the river and chained to it tied the bark. This is the moment that is sung in the song. Branches of huge pine were bursting with rapid current and pine pulled embroidery from the shallow water.
The first known writer of the author's "Dubinushka" was Vasily Bogdanov (1837-1886), who published his poem, in which he used the folk chorus, in 1865 (Dubinushka, "The Alarmist", 1865. But the wider popularity was gained by the version of the 1880s, authored by lawyer Alexander Olkhin (1839-1897) (Dubinushka, anonymously: "Common Cause", Geneva, 1885, Olkhin's version is based on Bogdanov's text, three of his stanzas are preserved with some variants, and the reworking reinforced the revolutionary direction of the poem. The affiliation of the anonymous text published by Olkhin is confirmed by the revolutionary tradition and the agency certificate of the police department: "I wrote the reworking of "Dubinushka" in the most outrageous spirit and asked to deliver him songs that are sung between the factory in order to remake them into revolutionary ones." The author's text by Bogdanov and Olkhin was widely distributed in the underground press. "Dubinushka" was very often reprinted in all sorts of collections, distributed in handwritten and hectographic copies. The text began to be remade by anonymous editors and walked in various versions.
Known in Russian as burlaki, their main job was to drag sailing ships against the flow of the river. Usually, they pulled flat-bottomed cargo boats that were 30-50 meters long. This hard work was seasonal-in fall and spring. Sometimes a fair wind helped the burlakito move ships quickly, but usually the work was grueling and people signed up for it only because they desperately needed money. While this work seemed exploitative, it was not slavery. The burlaki were paid, and they even had unions, known as artels, in order to work more efficiently. To make their job less stressful, the burlakiraised their spirits by singing, and Dubinushka was their favorite song, later becoming popular with the revolutionary working class. Theburlaki’s service was in great demand from the 16th to the 20th century, and there are even photos dating from the early 1900s of women dragging ships. The profession, however, became obsolete with the appearance of steam vessels, and the Soviet government officially banned the burlaki in 1929. The Volga River gave the burlakithe most amount of work. The town of Rybinsk on the Volga was unofficially called 'capital of the burlaki. As a large commercial and logistics center, Rybinsk attracted a large number of workers-not only burlaki, but also ship loaders, porters, wagon coachmen and many others.
The 1905 revolution was a failed attempt by socialists and liberals to overthrow the rule of the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II. The revolution spread throughout 1905 , but was eventually suppressed. The two direct results of the revolution were: the publication of an October proclamation by the Tsar granting a number of rights to the inhabitants, and the establishment of a similar one - the Russian Parliament - in which there was a majority for the proponents of modernization.
The information about the Russian song (based, among other things, on the Russian Wikipedia) is summarized by Eli ST: Дубинушка ("Dubinushka") is originally a Russian folk song. "Dubina" is a wooden pole, or pole. "Dubinushka" is the diminutive form (indicating an attitude of affection) of the word "Dubina". Some link the Dubinushka to the Burlaks dragging boats on the Volga, but it is not known about a wooden pole used in this context. It is possible that the connection was made from the reading "Huchniem" found in this song as in other songs of the Burlaks. The common explanation is that the word "Dubinushka" is not directed at the object itself but that "Dubina" is a "team of workers" (similar to the meaning of the Hebrew word "mate") and referring to the team is part of group encouragement and entering a uniform rhythm in hard work (Such as dragging barges in a river and dragging tree trunks while clearing forests), but it may be a remnant of folk songs that may have had a direct connection to the object in the past. According to the Russian website народная воля ("People's Will"), beginning in the 1960s, poets' versions of folk songs began to appear, including those that preserved some of the stanzas, but in a different location. All versions are sung according to one musical motif and no one is considered "canonical". The first known version is that of Vasily Ivanovich Bogdanov (1837-86) who appeared in 1865, but the more common one is that of Alexander Alexandrovich Olchin, who preserved stanzas from Bogdanov's poem but emphasized at the end of the poem the revolutionary aspect (the oppressed rise) . Some of the popularity of the ulchin version was gained thanks to the performance of Fyodor Shaliapin, who also shortened the song. The song later served as the basis for other revolutionary songs and after the Civil War was an inspiration for many musical and literary works.
"Dubina" (pronounced doo-bee-nah) means "the wooden club". "Dubinushka" (pronounced doo-bee-noosh-kah) is a diminutive form of the same word (note the suffix "-ushk-"). The song is a work song, sung by workers doing hard manual labor, helping them to keep the rythm of their collective efforts. As opposed to the American "Yo-ho-ho, and the bottle of rum", sung by the seamen moving the capstan.
The history of one song. Dubinushka or Hey, let's go. It was a long time ago ... An artel of barge haulers was walking along the banks of the Volga. Shaggy, blackened from the scorching heat, sweaty, with their feet beaten to blood, they pulled a huge, deeply sunken barge. At the pier, they unloaded coolies, boxes, straining, dragged heavy boilers for "breeders", drove unyielding piles into the ground ...The history of one song. Dubinushka or Hey, let's go. It was here that "Dubinushka" was born - "a song like a groan." - Hey, guys, get ready, grab the rope! - sang one of the burlatskaya artel. And the whole artel picked up with strained, torn voices: Hey, bludgeon, let's go, Hey, bludgeon, let's pull, Ay, the green one will go by itself! Let's pull, pull and wow! If the ship did not move from its place and it was impossible to overcome the weight, the barge haulers sullenly repeated: Oh, yes, it won’t come, it won’t! No way, no way, go! Yes - wow! .. And when the weight shifted, hurried cries escaped: It’s coming, it’s coming ...Itself went, itself went! Go-go! Goes, goes!.. Each time "Dubinushka" was sung in a new way - there were many chants: they complained about their bitter fate, cursed the blood-sucker-owner, ridiculed his obsequious and unscrupulous servants, offended the "decent St. Petersburg gentleman" ... The great Russian poet Nekrasov wrote about the barge hauler martyr: With his shoulders, chest and back He pulled a tow barge, The midday heat burned him, And the sweat poured from him in streams, And he fell, and got up again, Wheezing, "Dubinushka" moaned. Of course, not all revolutionary songs Russia borrowed from the West. The most striking example of primordially Russian creativity is the famous "Dubinushka" ("I heard many songs in my native land ..."). Basically, this is a song about uprooting trees in order to free the land for arable land. The roots of the tree were cut off, then it was pulled by a rope tied to the top - and then the "club" - the tree "will go by itself" (it will fall by itself). The refrains from these songs are “Hey, let's go!”, “We'll pull it, we'll pull it!”, “Oh, bludgeon, let's go! Oh, the green one will go!” and so on, then moved into the songs of the Volga barge haulers pulling ships along the rivers against the current, and then into the songs of the populist revolutionaries - "Dubinushka", "Barka", "Yes, you guys take it together." The first barge haulers appeared in Russia at the end of the 16th century. Burlak is a hired worker in Russia who, walking along the shore, pulled (dragged) a river vessel (bark) against the current with the help of a string. Burlatsky labor was seasonal. Boats were pulled along the “big water”: in spring and autumn, since in winter the rivers simply froze. To fulfill the order, barge haulers united in artels (brigades). The work of a barge hauler was extremely difficult and monotonous. The speed of movement depended on the strength of the tail or head wind. With a fair wind on the vessel (bark), the sail was raised, which significantly accelerated the movement. Songs helped barge haulers maintain the pace of movement. One of the well-known burlak songs is "Oh, bludgeon, let's go," which was usually sung to coordinate the forces of the artel in one of the most difficult moments: pulling the bark from its place after lifting the anchor. When the bark was loaded with stone, there were moments when the ship's draft increased and the ship sank tightly to the bottom. Then barge haulers cut down a huge pine tree, dragged it into the Volga River and tied the bark to it with a chain. This is the moment the song is about. The branches of a huge pine tree were bursting with a fast current and the pine tree was pulling the bark from the shallow water. It should be noted here that barge haulers were not immediately "burlaks". At first they were called "bastard" from the word "drag" (pull) and there was nothing abusive then in it. There is a version that in those days there lived a rich Volga merchant Burlakov, who had a fairly large number of artels of bastards. This merchant was known for his fairness and honesty and always kept his word. It was for this reason that many ordinary peasants asked him to work in the artel. So they began to call them "burlaks". An interesting fact is that barge work completely disappeared with the spread of steamboats. The song "Hey, let's go" inspired the Russian artist I. Repin to write his famous painting "Barge haulers on the Volga", which depicts the suffering of ordinary Russian people in Tsarist Russia.The history of one song. Dubinushka or Hey, let's go.Ilya Repin "Barge haulers on the Volga".(1870-1873) The theme of the song hasn't changed much over the years. But there were a lot of texts - and in almost all of them the "Dubinushka" turned from a tree into an instrument of popular retribution. The history of one song. Dubinushka or Hey, let's go.Bogdanov, Trefolev, Olkhin. Burlatsky "Dubinushka" was also heard by the young doctor of the St. Petersburg hospital for laborers Vasily Ivanovich Bogdanov. He wrote his "Dubinushka", retaining the old Burlatsky refrain. In Bogdanov's poem there are the following lines: Oh, if only we could finish this song as soon as possible, Without a cudgel, so that the matter could be argued, And with the hard work of weary people ,We would not monotonously buzz: "Uh, bludgeon, uh! .." In this poem, published in 1865 in the magazine "Alarm Clock", there is a protest against the oppression of people. The poem by V. Bogdanov was read by another poet - Leonid Trefolev. In the same year, 1865, he wrote his "Dubinushka". He told about the unbearable life of barge haulers who go, straining, "along the flinty bank of the Volga River" with his invariable song: "Oh, cudgel, let's go!" And they hoot at once ...Tears rolled down from my eyes.Tired chest. The strap cuts the shoulder ...You have to hoot again and again! ...From Samara to Rybinsk there is only one song, Not for joy it was created…"Righteous anger" of exhausted workers is heard in this "Dubinushka", anger against those who turn the sweat and blood of unfortunate barge haulers into profits...But even more angry was Alexander Olkhin's Dubinushka. He was a talented lawyer. He defended the “political” ones at trials, helped those who fled from Siberia. For this, Olkhin was constantly subjected to persecution and punishment. But it was impossible to intimidate him. This rebellious man remade Vasily Bogdanov's Dubinushka. From it he took three quatrains, the rest he wrote himself. The poet is no longer talking only about the hard work of barge haulers. In A. Olkhin's "Dubinushka" one can hear a resolute call to throw off oppression. The most popular was the text of 1865, written by the lawyer of the Narodnaya Volya A. Olkhin, based on the text of the naval doctor V. Bogdanov.- And from grandfathers to fathers, from fathers to sons This song is inherited, And as soon as it becomes unbearable to work, We are to the cudgel, as to the right means...But the time will come, and the people will wake up, It will unbend its beaten back, And in its native forests it will pick up a healthier and stronger club against enemies. Oh bastard, let's go !Oh, green, she will go! She will go! Let's pull! Let's take it!". The youth of the 70s of the XIX century rewrote the song they loved. "Dubinushka" by A. Olkhin was distributed in handwritten songbooks. It was sung at student gatherings, at demonstrations: workers, artisans, students, soldiers sang. Individual lines were altered, individual words were replaced, but the fighting spirit of "Dubinushka" was preserved. So Dubinushka lived decade after decade. In the 20th century, the old Dubinushka, which had come a long and hard way with the people, was not forgotten. They sang it in a different way: But the time has come and the people have risen, He straightened his bent back, And, shaking off his shoulders The heavy oppression of centuries, He raised a club against his enemies...The song of the Volga barge haulers "Hey, let's go" is a famous Russian folk song. It was written by the composer Mily Balakirev (the head of the “powerful bunch” of composers) and published in 1889 in Nizhny Novgorod in the book “Collection of Russian Folk Lyric Songs by N. M. Lopatin and V. P. Prokunin”. At first, Balakirev published only one first quatrain, while the other two were added much later. The history of one song. Dubinushka or Hey, let's go. The history of one song. Dubinushka or Hey, let's go. Of the musical performances, the most popular and exemplary was the performance of Fyodor Chaliapin. His booming voice was the best fit for "Dubinushka". According to the memoirs of the singer himself, the premiere of the song took place in Kyiv in April 1906, when he gave a free concert for workers. The workers asked him to perform "Varshavyanka" or "Internationale", but Chaliapin did not know these songs at that time and suggested "Dubinushka".
Additional references update
https://general-kollaps.livejournal.com/55919.html/
https://www.phys.msu.ru/rus/about/sovphys/ISSUES-2015/04(113)-2015/22201/
https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/411482
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