כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
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התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
Notes written by Izzy Hod: The poem, Stanka Razin, is a cruel ballad, one of the ballad style, which has a cruel and cynical description, written about a man, named Stepan [Stanka] Razin [Stepan Timofeyevich Razin], in 1883. Stepan Razin, lived 41 years [1630-1671] and was a very popular and hated figure alike, in Russia. On the one hand, he supported the poor in their struggle against the rule of the tsars, and on the other hand, in order to achieve military achievements, he was cruel to women, children and men and destroyed, with his army of horsemen, entire settlements and populations. He was a cruel leader of the Cossacks, who were and still are, an ethnic group, that was created, even before the existence of Russia and Ukraine and when Russia and Ukraine were created, they opposed the rule of the aristocracy and the Tsars and rebelled against them again and again. In 1671, when they were already religiously excommunicated, by the patriarch of the church in Moscow, Stepan Razin and his brother was captured, when they were gathered in their last fortress in which they ruled, they were brought to Moscow, judged there and Stepan Razin was indeed executed by beheading. The song is also known as Volga Volga. The name Volga Volga, was also adopted as the name of a Russian musical comedy, by this name. The melody was also adopted to the words used by the singer, Tom Springfield, in the song, The carnival is over. The Kibutz Ma'apil Trio, performed in Hebrew, a translation of the English version of the song, The carnival is over. Stanka Razin, was also the name of the first Russian silent film. The life of Stanka Razin, were the subject of the musicians Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov and Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich and the writers Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko and Vasily Makarovich Shukshin. The plot of the song is based on a folk legend, according to which, when Stanka Razin returned at the head of the fleet from a war with the Persians, he brought a Persian princess with him on his ship, but at the request of his comrades/warriors, who argued that he had neglected them and his role as their commander, he threw the princess into the Volga. The melody was used as a basis for the song, To bring coffee, which was sung in Auschwitz, by prisoners of all nationalities. The song was composed by the prisoner, Jadwiga Laszczynska, to the tune of the song, Stanka Razin, the lyrics are in German. Dan Almagor translated the poem, noting that the words he wrote are a free translation of Alexander Pushkin's poem. This is the song's content, From a foreign land a ship is returning, to the wide Volga, with Stanka Razin and is crews, sailing in a good spirit. In the boat there is Stanka Razin, on his knees is a Persian princess, and he celebrates there with the Persian princess, a night of weddings. From behind he heard a whisper, how are we sold? It's a shame! He was with her only one night, and he is already addicted to the woman. Stanka Razin, was hurt, he hugged the princess and in a sad voice said, I will not forget you forever, but the friendship with the warriors is more important to me. The Persian princess, began to cry. Her heart almost stopped beating and she heard, Stanka Razin, talking to the Volga. The river and my homeland. I give you a gift that no one gave you and then he picked up the princess and threw her into the river. That's the end of the story.
Stenka Razin. A folk song based on a poem by Dmitry Sadovnikov "Because of the island on the stitch..." (1883). Sadovnikov, a folklorist, ethnographer and poet, created two cycles of poems about Stepan Razin-"From the Volga legends about the Razin Wall" and "Songs about the Razin Wall." Popular folk songs were "Because of the island on the stream" and "By planting the city". The song was part of the repertoire of Fyodor Chaliapin and Nadezhda Plelicka. It formed the basis of the plot of the first Russian feature film "The Lower Libertina" (1908).
The drowning of the princess allegedly occurred in Astrakhan in the autumn of 1669, when Razin returned from a campaign to Persia "behind the zipuns" during which the beautiful Persian prince was supposedly captivated. The scene is first described by Dutch artisan and traveler Jan Jansen Streis (or Struys, 1630-1694) in his book Three Journeys, published in 1676 in Amsterdam and subsequently translated into many languages (in Russian was published in Moscow in 1935). In 1824 in the journal "Northern Archives" in the article of A.
Cornilovich about the journey of Streis was reproduced a fragment of the book: "...We saw him on a boat, painted and partly gilded, feasting with some of his subordinates. Near him was the daughter of a Persian khan, whom he and his brother kidnapped from their parents' house during their raids on the Caucasus. Inflamed with wine, he sat down on the edge of the boat and, looking thoughtfully at the river, suddenly cried out: "The Volga is glorious! You have delivered me gold, silver and various jewels, you have nurtured and fed me, you are the beginning of my happiness and glory, and I have not given you anything ungrateful yet. Take now a victim worthy of you!" However, Stenka came into such frenzy only after feasts, when wine darkened his mind and ignited passions. In general, he kept order in his gang and severely punished adultery." However, no documents and no Persian sources confirm neither drowning, nor in general the abduction of Razin a noble Persian girl during the raid, that is, the story of Streis is based on folklore material, and the real Razin princess did not kidnap or drown. The episode, published by Kornilovich, was used by Pushkin in one of his "Songs of Razin's Wall"-"Like the Volga River, on the broad..." It is possible that the publication of Pushkin's Razin songs in 1881 also influenced Sadovnikov who wrote the song in 1883.
Stepan Timofeyevich Razin (Russian: Степа́н Тимофе́евич Ра́зин, pronounced [sʲtʲɪˈpan tʲɪmɐˈfʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈrazʲɪn]; 1630-June 16 [O.S. June 6] 1671), known as Stenka Razin (Сте́нька [ˈsʲtʲenʲkə]), was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and tsarist bureaucracy in southern Russia in 1670-1671. In 1671, Stepan and his brother Frol Razin were captured at Kagalnik fortress (Кагальницкий городок) by Cossack elders. They were given over to Tsarist officials in Moscow, and on 6 June 1671, following the announcement of the verdict against him, Stepan Razin was quartered on the scaffold on Red Square. A sentence of death was read aloud: Razin listened to this calmly, then turned to the church, bowed in three directions, passing the Kremlin and the tsar and said: "Forgive me". The executioner then proceeded to first cut off his right hand to his elbow, then his left foot to the knee. His brother Frol, witnessing Stepan's torment, shouted out: "I know the word and the matter of the sovereign!" (that is, "I am willing to inform upon those disloyal to the tsar"). Stepan shouted back, "Shut up, dog!" These were his last words; after them the executioner hurriedly cut off his head. Razin's hands, legs, and head, according to the testimony of the Englishman Thomas Hebdon, were stuck on five specially-placed stakes. The confession helped Frol to postpone his own execution, although five years later, in 1676, he was executed too. Razin originally set out to loot villages, but as he became a symbol of peasant unrest, his movement turned political. Razin wanted to protect the independence of the Cossacks and to protest an increasingly centralized government. The Cossacks supported the tsar and autocracy, but they wanted a tsar that responded to the needs of the people and not just those of the upper class. By destroying and pillaging villages, Razin intended to take power from the government officials and give more autonomy to the peasants. However, Razin's movement failed and the rebellion led to increased government control. The Cossacks lost some of their autonomy, and the tsar bonded more closely with the upper class because both feared more rebellion.
Razin and the "Persian princess. One of the most popular cultural motives associated with Razin is the episode with the drowning of the "Persian princess" in the river. Modern historians doubt the reality of this episode. There are two reports of foreigners who ended up in Astrakhan during the uprising. One of the testimonies is the memoirs of the Dutch traveler Jan Struis. This testimony is much more famous, it was widely used by Russian historians and it served as the basis for the plot of the song. The other is the notes of the Dutchman Ludwig Fabricius, which became known only after the Second World War. In the first, a Persian princess appears, drowned in the Volga, in the second, a certain "Tatar maiden" drowned in the Yaik River. Streis conveys the story as drunken cruelty, and Fabritius as the fulfillment of the oath that Razin made to a certain "water god" Ivan Gorinovich, who controls the Yaik River: Razin promised that as a reward for good luck he would give this "god" the best he has. In 1883, the Russian poet Dmitry Sadovnikov published the poem "Stenka Razin", which he, as was customary, presented as a "folk epic". The text of this poem, with minor changes, was set to music by an unknown author and became extremely popular, and was performed by many famous singers. The lyrics of the song were dramatized in one of the first Russian narrative films, Stenka Razin directed by Vladimir Romashkov in 1908. The film lasts about 10 minutes and describes the events in the song. The song recounts that Razin aboard his ship tames the captured "Persian princess" and his men accuse him of weakness — communicating with a woman, he himself became a "woman" the next morning. Hearing these speeches, Razin throws the "princess" into the water as a gift to the Volga river, and continues the drunken fun with his men.
The popular song is known by the words Volga, Volga mat' rodnaya, Iz za ostrova na strezhen, and, simply, Stenka Razin. The song gave the title to the famous Soviet musical comedy Volga-Volga. The melody was used by Tom Springfield in the song "The Carnival Is Over" that placed The Seekers at #1 in 1965 in Australia and the UK. A version of this song is also performed by Doukhobors in Canada.
Razin is the subject of a symphonic poem by Alexander Glazunov, Symphony no. 8 by Myaskovsky (op. 26, 1925), a cantata by Shostakovich, op. 119; The Execution of Stepan Razin (1964), a poem by Yevgeny Yevtushenko, and a novel, I Have Come To Give You Freedom [ru], (Я пришёл дать вам волю) by Vasily Shukshin. Beside that, Razin was glorified in the Soviet drama film of 1939 directed by Ivan Pravov and Olga Preobrazhenskaya. One of his atamans, Alena Arzamasskaia, was a former nun. Razin is the subject of the Landmark book "Chief of the Cossacks".
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