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In an old newspaper found one of the first poems by Jack Altausen. Author: Julia PERELOVA. Once in the 1960s in Irkutsk there was a street Jack Altausen, now-the 6th Soviet. This decision had strange consequences. A few years later, the street suddenly returned to its old name. It is still unknown why. To his comrades in the Irkutsk literary and artistic association, the memory of the city is more favorable. Both Joseph Utkin and Molchanov-Sibirsky are honored. And Altausen remained just as his heroes-children were. Unconditional talent, but without bronze. "Ran black, soiled, shouting out of habit: "Boxes and packs"-I sell Chinese matches. The cap of ruffled hair is kissed by a wet wind. It's so tiny-you can't help but notice it..." This is one of the unknown poems of Altausen, which we met in an old newspaper. It is dated 1923 and was probably one of the first to be printed. When I ask myself the question: "What do I know about Jack Altausen?", the brain politely and tiredly offers: a poet of the Komsomol pleiades, a front-line soldier. Somewhere he died, it seems... And this blank wall that separates you from the understanding of that time, those people, feels like an insurmountable. We do not know much about the fate of Altauzen, and we really do not want him to go to the shelf "Komsomol-front poets" and get from there only on holidays or "in connection", when it is necessary to mention some Irkutsk writer. "It was called the 6th Soviet. Now it was renamed in honor of the talented Soviet poet Jack Altausen...",-wrote "East" in October 1967. Probably, the surge of interest in the figure of Altausen arose against the background of the fact that the Irkutsk people had to somehow celebrate the 60th anniversary of the poet. Officially, it is believed that he was born in 1907 at the Bodayba mine. But in his surviving military documents, the figure 1905 is often found. This is just one of the mysteries that surround the poet. There was interest in the personality of Altausen in the city, since in 1965 the journalist Eugene Rappoport published an article in Vostochka with new, previously unknown details about the fate of the poet's records. Rappoport said that he managed to meet in Irkutsk with the sister and nephew of Altausen, and they found a photo on the wall, which turned out to be fastened to a record. On the record there was a recording of the voice of Altausen-he performed in 1934 on Red Square, welcoming the "Chelyuskins". Rapport in the 60s visited the widow of the poet Claudia Altausen in Moscow and learned from her that she had recorded the records (in 1959, the film with the recording briefly fell into her hands during the analysis of the archives of the All-Union Radio). Later, one of the records was sent to his family in Irkutsk. It was in such circumstances that in the 60s the 6th Soviet for a short time became the street of Jack Altausen. What happened later, history is silent. But for some reason, we still have Joseph Utkin Street, and Jack Altausen Street did not last long. Already in the 90s, an article was published in Vostochka, in which Altauzen's nephew Boris Altauzen said that he appealed to the authorities with the question of why the street lost the name of his uncle, but did not receive a clear answer. However, this event fits into the whole logic of the poet's life. The fate of Altausen is in itself a great detective with mysterious lacunae, with inconsurrences, as befits a real poet. His family had 3 brothers and one sister, his father at some point was left alone with the children, and then at the age of 11 Jacob was taken by his aunt who lived in China. As my sister recalled, Yakov was engaged in selling newspapers, and then fled back to Soviet Russia. The name "Jack" received while serving on the ship. And this name remained with him for the rest of his life. Having reached Chita, Jack met Joseph Utkin, and already in Irkutsk he joined the ILHO, working in timber rafting and leather production. We managed to find an unknown poem by Altausen, printed in 1923 in The Power of Labor. This is probably one of his first publications. It is known that in 1922 Altausen was published in the "Siberian Lights" with the poem "Song" about the fate of a young Tatar woman. In the "Power of Labor" in 1923 there was a poem "Boy with matches". Altausen's short poem probably refers to what he experienced when he traded the streets. "Ran black, soiled, shouting out of habit: "Boxes and packs"-I sell Chinese matches. The cap of ruffled hair is kissed by a wet wind. It's so tiny-you can't help but notice it..." The story ends tragically: a horse knocks down a street man, and he dies. This motif of a broken, broken childhood will manifest itself in the Great Patriotic War, when Altausen will have a poem about a house destroyed by the Nazis, where a portrait of an unknown blond child stands out as a terrible spot. Jack Altausen did not have time to have his own children, but the image of a small abandoned child will appear in his poems very often. In the magazine "Red Dawns" in 1923, his poem "Little Barefoot" was published, where the image of the "good lady" appears, which the homeless man looks into the slit of the window. Apparently, this was due to his personal tragedy when his mother left the family. At the same time, in the year of publication of this poem, Altauzen leaves Irkutsk to continue his studies in Moscow, at the Literary and Art Institute; meets there, in particular, with Valery Bryusov. From that moment until his death in 1942, he would work in Moscow. However, in Irkutsk it will still be noted. In the article of the poet Mikhail Skuratov about the creative path of Ivan Molchanov-Sibirsky, one episode is mentioned that well characterizes Altausen. Skuratov's article was published in the magazine "Future Siberia" in 1934, just as the anti-Esenin campaign thundered. Skuratov pointed out that the Irkutsk poetic association because of the devastation for a long time was torn away from the new literary currents of the west of Russia. For example, the name of Sergei Yesenin in Irkutsk in the 20s was poorly known. It "came to us really only in 1924, when the main core of the ILHO had already disintegrated, and then only because the former member of the ILHO-Jack Altausen, who already lived in Moscow, came on vacation as a convinced Yesenin and at every intersection with a shaking of his head ("in Yesenin") sang poems of the famous poet," Skuratov wrote. Let us recall Altausen's "Song" of 1922, printed in the Siberian Lights. In this poem, the influence of Yesenin is clearly visible, and it can be assumed that Altausen was familiar with his work even before leaving for Moscow. In the early 30's in irkutsk newspapers was published another poem by Altausen, which shows that stylistically he was out of the theme of the poets of the "Komsomol pleiades". "A woman with a huge hairstyle, I have to admit that, in fact, I also liked you damn as a child on porcelain dishes. In a saucer for a small fee-you run to the river on wood, golden bees and bugs crawled on your robe...". The poem is not titled in any way, there is only a litter "From the lyrical notebook...". The image of a broken cup crushed by the bayonet of the revolution is an image of a broken youth and even childhood. Later in Altausen's poems, this longing for the ruined world will always be inseparably connected with some nervous delight from the acquisition of a new world order. "Jack began to shoot a rifle at the plane". In 1934, Altausen had been working in Moscow for a long time, but caricatures of him still appeared in vostochka. It is known that Jack Altausen died on May 25, 1942, being a battalion commissar, a writer of the editorial office of the newspaper "Combat Red Army" of the South-Western Front. According to official conscription documents, he went to the front the day after the declaration of war. Until 1945, he was not expelled from the ranks of the Red Army, perhaps this was due to the fact that his fate was not known exactly. "I ask you to exclude from the lists of the Red Army battalion commissar Altausen Jack Moiseevich, who held the post of writer of the newspaper "Combat Red Army" of the South-Western Front born in 1905, a native of the mountains. Irkutsk, in the Red Army since June 23, 1941",-this certificate on the political department of the Red Army is dated December 3, 1945. And only on December 29, 1945, Altausen was excluded from the lists of the Red Army. It is characteristic that by order of the Main Directorate of Personnel of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, the poet was expelled from the lists of the Moscow City Military Enlistment Office as "missing". Many years later it became known that he rests in the village of Nadezhdovka in the Kharkiv region in a mass grave. In the lists of the mass grave, Altausen was indicated 1907 year of birth, there is no patronymic of the poet. Although many front-line papers indicate that he was born in 1905. Where these soldiers and officers were reburied from is unknown. But now they are forever in Nadezhdovka. However, before his death in May 1942, Altausen managed a lot. Just a few months after the outbreak of war, in November 1941, he was presented to the Order of the Red Star. At that time, he was a senior political officer, wrote in the same newspaper "Combat Red Army" of the 6th Army. "Working in the newspaper "Combat Red Army" from the first days of the Patriotic War, the poet Altauzen made a lot of efforts to make the newspaper meaningful, calling for struggle and victories, - appears in the award sheet.-For 4 months, the poet Altausen gave more than 60 poems to the newspaper. Personally visiting the forward positions, Comrade Altausen gets acquainted with the advanced fighters and commanders and in an intelligible form popularizes their combat feats. So there were poems "Lieutenant Naiman", "Tanker Kuzma Kutenov". The poet worked as if he had a premonition - time is very short, you have to have time to give everything. The poet Yevgeny Dolmatovsky recalled how Altauzen was first shelled at the front-on the third day of the war together with Alexander Tvardovsky. They went to the front from Kiev, came under fire and bombing, and if for Dolmatovsky and Tvardovsky it was already familiar, then Altauzen was subjected to this test for the first time. "We were very surprised when Jack, lying on the ground, began to shoot a rifle at the plane," Dolmatovsky recalled. Then he said with a smile that he was shooting his "Karelian frame"-Altauzen tried to go to the Finnish war, but due to health problems he received permission only by its end. As Dolmatovsky recalled, Altausen miraculously managed to escape from the encirclement, which included the 6th and 12th armies. They met with Dolmatovsky in Uman, in Sofiyivka Park. From the encirclement, Altausen arrived in a strange way-at the end July-early August, his overcoat was fastened tightly. It turned out that the editorial office was hastily fleeing from the Monasteries from the sudden bursting of German tanks, Altausen did not have time to put on a gymnast, and one T-shirt adorned under the overcoat. But a notebook with poems and articles was saved. Dolmatovsky then lent Altausen his gymnast, from the reserves. Jack remained put, Dolmtovsky left. As it became known later, Altauzen once again managed to escape from the next environment, and then they met with Dolmatovsky for the last time in Voronezh. Jack repaid the debt as a winter gymnast and then said that she, an old gymnast, was with a hole. And, as it turned out, not in vain - just under the Order of the Red Banner, which he managed to get for several months of their separation. Altausen was represented, as we remember, to the Red Star, but on his chest there was a more honorable order. What was the reason for that? Just Zhek (as his soldiers called him) was read and rewritten, he was very popular among those who were on the front line, they believed his poems. In addition, he had an outstanding declamation talent-he performed with poems right on the front line. Let's quote again the award sheet: especially it notes the poem "Hatred". "You will still have to see our people in full growth," says this poem, which has gained great popularity in the army. With great interest met by soldiers and commanders poem "Political fighter Porphyry Babiy". "The poet Altausen gained great popularity among the fighters and commanders, Comrade Altausen showed himself devoted to the Motherland, the party of Lenin and Stalin. In any conditions, he perfectly performs all the tasks of the editorial office and the political department, "wrote the editor of the newspaper Rozhkov. According to biographers, Altauzen became the first of the front-line writers to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The fact that the influence of Altausen in the troops was significant, say and memories. Altausen was awarded a devastating publication in the famous occupation newspaper "New Way", published by the Nazis in Smolensk. The article was titled "One of the Jackals." "His name is Jack Altausen. Many writers could not hear about him. And if fate confronted them together with a nimble, pot-bellied (despite his young years) Jew who loved to look in the mirror, they, writers, who had not lost decency even in Soviet conditions, hardly suppressed squeamishness,-wrote the author of the "New Way", a certain Ivan Korsakov.-This mediocre tricky man emerged in 1923 as a seventeen-year-old curly boy from Irkutsk. In a short time, he made a brilliant career...With his illiterate rhymiths, he littered many magazines and newspapers." Later in the article, Altausen appears as a clever speculator, a jerk who received a prestigious apartment in Moscow, a womanizer and an employee of the NKVD. The fact that the "New Way" devoted a separate material to Altausen indicates that his work was assessed by the Nazis as very dangerous. "Unfortunately, they were too confused" Michael Rosenfeld and Jack Altausen apparently died in the same car. The last days of Altausen are known only from memories. During the offensive in the area of Izyum, Barvinkovo, Lozova, he, along with the part where he worked, collecting material, was surrounded. According to eyewitnesses, he was offered to fly on a U-2 plane with other journalists, but he refused, saying that he had to share the fate of his unit. It is believed that Altausen died after being crushed by a German tank. But nothing has been officially confirmed. It is known that they were together with Mikhail Rosenfeld, a correspondent of the "Red Star". More is known about the last minutes of Rosenfeld's life. In the WDS "Memorial" posted a document that was previously classified as "Secret". It tells about the missing employees of the newspaper "Red Star". The document stated that Rosenfeld himself asked to be sent "to the part where the situation was most difficult." "Having the opportunity to get out of this part even before it was surrounded, Comrade Rosenfeld did not take advantage of it," the document reads. The memories of Altausen's death are very similar to what happened to Rosenfeld. It seems that the writers for some reason did not want to leave the part. Whether this was a tragic mistake or a conscious decision, we will not know. "Subsequently, the car in which he was driving (Rosenfeld.-Auth.), was subjected to heavy artillery fire from the Germans,-the document says. "Then Comrade Rosenfeld was seen seriously wounded in the head, with a revolver in his hands: he was making his way through the enemy ring, but he fell exhausted and died." Judging by the same document, in the car was a photojournalist Mikhail Bernstein, who led a small detachment of journalists and writers who tried to get out of the encirclement by car. It is very likely that Altausen was in the same car. There is another piece of evidence dating back to 1999. Translator Naum Grebnev in an article published in the magazine "Questions of Literature" 17 years ago, wrote: "In the lull on the eve of the offensive, two Moscow writers, Jack Altausen and Mikhail Rosenfeld, came to our unit, visited the battery, talked with the soldiers...Now, on the 27th, I met them on this field, they were surrounded by everyone. Both were confused and turned to us for advice. Unfortunately, they were too confused to take our advice. The three of us were more experienced than them, each of us had already left the encirclement in the forty-first. We said that we wanted to walk to the eastern outskirts in the afternoon, from there the shortest way to the Donets, showed everything on the map, but they did not go with us. In the evening, I met someone from our battery, and he said, "Remember, did the writers come? You also asked them about something. Both are killed. just now. When the tanks went."
The polar sea is raging, Music: E. Zharkovsky, Lyrics: D. Altausen.