כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
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התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
Notes written by Izzy Hod: The poem, through valleys on hills, the popular poem of the civil war in Russia [1923-1917] and the First World War [1914-1918], is the true memorial to the Russian poet, Pyotr Semyonovich Parfyonov, who in the poets elimination period in 1937 in Russia, was executed, on charges of anti-revolutionary activity. Like many of his friends, who were accused of plotting against the revolution. On the death certificate it was written, that the cause of death is, pneumonia....Parfyonov wrote the first version of the song, in 1920, and called the song, through valleys on hills, and in 1922, he made changes to the text, so that the city of Volochevsk, where one of the last battles of the Russian Civil War [1923-1917] occurred, will be remembered in the song. The song was dedicated at the time, by Parfyonov himself, to the memory of one of the legendary commanders of the Red Army in the Civil War, Sergey Grigoryevich Lazo, who was brutally executed in a, train oven, by the Japanese units that fought alongside the White Army in that Civil War. In 1929, the conductor and founder of the Red Army Choir, Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov, named the song, Partisan [or the Partisan Anthem] and added the song to the Red Army Choir's song collection, after the text was re-edited by the poet, Sergey Yakovlevitch Aturov. Alexandrov, heard the song, from the mouth of one of the army commanders in the Ukraine region, named Ilya Sergyevich Alimov and pointed out that Alimov is the author of the composition. In 1934, it was published in the press that, indeed, Parfyonov is the poet, who wrote the words and it was Parfyonov himself, who told the story of his writing the poem. However, until 1937, Parfyonov was denounced, banned, accused of sedition against the revolution and executed and his name was forgotten, inspite of the fact that, in the same year, the famous Spanish version of Parfyonov song, which became the underground anthem in spain, began to be heard with the name of Parfyonov as the author. But in 1962, after the death of Stalin [1953], Final ruling, of the Supreme Court of Russia, that Parfyonov, is the author of the words, was accepted. The song that Parfyonov wrote is itself one version, out of several versions, derived from an earlier song, written in 1915, which was composed by a composer named Yuri Chernyavsky, to the words of the writer and journalist, Vladimir Aleksyevich Gilyarovsky, and some believe that the song was already known, even earlier. The song with the lyrics of Parfyanov, was added to a film called, Days of the Battle of Volochavsk, produced in 1937. In the film, the battle between the Reds and the Whites, helped by the Japanese army, in the city of Volochavsk, during the Civil War, in 1918, is described. The Japanese join the battles to protect Japanese civilians caught in the battle zone. In temporary summary, It can be described that the first definitive version of the song dates from 1915, by the poet Gilarovsky and the composer Chernyavsky. The next version of the song is from 1920, or 1922, by the poet, Parfyanov and the composer, Chernyavsky. In 1929, the poet Aturov re-edited Parfyanov's song for the Red Army Choir and the composition is by Chernyavsky and, apparently by mistake, was attributed to Alimov, who sang the song to the conductor of the choir, Alexander Vasilievich Alexandrov.
Texts from the references
1920, final edition-1922 Other titles-"Partisan," "Partisan Anthem." The author of the text-a participant of the Civil War in Siberia and Primorye, writer, underground, guerrilla and red commander Petr Parfenov (born in 1894 in Ufim province, in 1935 arrested, according to the death certificate died in 1943 from pneumonia). He managed to tell the story of the song's creation shortly before his arrest in the magazines "Red Army and the Red Fleet" (1934, No.21) and "Musical Amateur" (1935, No.10).
Parfenov writes that in February 1919, at the request of his friend Efim Mammothov, who was collecting guerrilla groups in Altai, created an underground propaganda song "Our Banner" (the case took place in Barnaul, where Parfenov was in the hospital): We will be free in our native Siberia to live. He wrote it "on the music-tested melody of his early songs "On the Suchan" of July 10, 1914: In the valleys and the highlands for a month I wandered, Was on the rivers and on the seasides Not sparing young forces." From this phrase Parfenov it is not clear where the motive came from: whether he picked it up in 1914, or borrowed it. Coming out of the Barnaul hospital, Parfenov infiltrated the Kolchakov counterintelligence center in Kamen-on-Obi and, under the guise of official trips, prepared an uprising of the surrounding counties. His song, meanwhile, gained popularity among the Kolchakovs mobilized on the Altai, among the Altai and Enisei guerrillas. Then Parfenov moved to the Far East. In the spring of 1920, he performed "Our Banner" at the People's House of Vladivostok at a solemn meeting dedicated to the liberation of the city and, as it was then believed, the end of the Civil War. The song was liked, and the military council of Primorye instructed Parfenov to write new words to make up for the lack of Red Army songs. Then Parfenov created the first version of "By the valleys, in the highlands," calling it the "Partisan anthem." But the text turned out to be "raw" and unsuitable for distribution: Along the valleys, in the highlands of the Mountains, the divisions were moving forward, to take the Primorye-the White Army stronghold with battle. To expel the interventionists Abroad of their native country. Parfenov began to edit the song, but the work progressed slowly. On the night of August 5, the Japanese unexpectedly invaded Primorye and captured it, and the lyrics were never finished and published. However, Parfenov, as he writes, performed the edited song "quite often" at evenings and meetings. So, orally, it was used by the Amur guerrillas. The last changes to the text of Parfenov made in February 1922 after the defeat of the Japanese and White Guards at the station Volochayevskaya. At the same time he added the dedication of "the bright memory of Sergei Lazo, burned by the Japanese-White Guards in a steam-fuel furnace", and in March 1922 left the Far East. He didn't have time to publish the song there. Arriving in Moscow, he brought the text to the editorial office of the Young Guard, but was refused, motivated by the official course of "fighting guerrillaism." In 1929, in the town of Darnitsa near Kiev, the head of the ensemble of the Red Army song Alexander Alexandrov heard "By the valleys, in the highlands" from the company commander of the 134th regiment of the Ukrainian Military District Ilya Aturov. The poet Sergei Alymov processed the text, and the song in 1929 was included in the repertoire of the Alexandrov Ensemble with the authorship of Aturov and Alymov. This caused outrage of the participants of the Civil War in Primorye. They claimed that the author was Parfenov, and in 1934 they published a collective article about it in the newspaper Izvestia. Then Parfenov himself appeared in magazines with the history of the song's creation, but because of the subsequent arrest "By the valleys and highlands" and came out with false authorship, until in 1962 the authorship of Parfenov was confirmed by the court.
The work of Peter Parfyonov might have long been forgotten if the song "By the Valleys and the Highlands" had not become unusually popular. She was given an initiation: "The bright memory of Sergei Lazo, burned by the Japanese White Guards in the steam train furnace." The first version of the heroic song began with the line "By the valleys, in the highlands." A little later, in 1922,Parfenov made a number of changes to the text ("Volochaev days" instead of "Nikolaev days" and so on). In 1929, the Ensemble of the Red Army Song by A.V. Alexandrov included "Partisan" in his repertoire, with The Text of Parfyonov edited by the poet-songwriter Sergei Alymov. The author of the melody was named the rotary commander of one of the parts of the Ukrainian military district Ilya Aturov, from whose mouth Alexandrov heard the melody of the song. But in 1934, a collective article appeared inIzvestianewspaper, which stated the name of the true author-Parfyonov. And in the 21st issue of the magazine "Krasnoarmeets-Krasnoflotets" in 1934, Piotr Semenovich himself told the story of the creation of the "Partisan Hymn." However, the question of authorship remained unresolved, because in 1937 Piotr Semionovich was shot. Only in 1962 the court confirmed Parfonov's authorship. In the same year 1937, when the author of "The Partisan Anthem" was shot, a version of the song for the same music appeared in Spain-"El Himno del Guerrillero".
In 1933 Parfyonov was expelled from the party, in October 1935 he was arrested. According to one version, on July 29, 1937 he was shot on the verdict of the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of organizing a counter-revolutionary terrorist group and in connection with counter-revolutionaries. According to another version, he died on February 14, 1943, of right-sided pneumonia. P. S. Parfyonov was rehabilitated posthumously in 1956.
However, in the fall of 1934, a scandal erupted. 23 Far Easterners, former Red partisans, published a letter in the Izvestia newspaper, in which they stated that the authorship of the song “Across the valleys and over the hills” did not belong to S. Ya. Alymov, but to Pyotr Semyonovich Parfenov. Allegedly, a former farm laborer and self-taught Parfenov, holder of two St. George's Crosses, wounded on the Western Front and in 1917 became a member of the CPSU (b), back in March 1920 (remember this), he dedicated this song to the legendary commander-in-chief Sergei Lazo, who was burned by the White Guards in the furnace of a steam locomotive...A discussion ensued, in which Parfenov himself made two articles about the history of the song creation (one in the magazine "Krasnoarmeets-krasnoflotets" No. 21, 1934), published evidence-confirmation of writers, etc.
The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills. Our history is widely reflected in songs. One of these songs about the end of the Civil War is the song "Through the valleys and the hills." It is considered by many to be the best song of the Civil War era. But, just as our history is not simple, so are the stories of songs that sing about it. In Soviet times, “Across the valleys and hills” was sung in the army, in pioneer camps, and even taught at school. The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills. For a long time, the famous songwriter Sergei Yakovlevich Alymov was considered the author of the words. Famous Soviet composers wrote music to his poems: Dunaevsky, Blanter, Matusovsky, others, Lemeshev, Leonid and Edith Utyosovs, Georgy Vinogradov, Nadezhda Obukhova, Lyudmila Zykina, and many others sang these songs. Author of many popular songs. Do you remember the song “Flowers are good in the spring in the garden ...”? This is also his. But Alymov did not like her very much: she is frivolous! Alymov was born in with. Slavgorod, Kharkov province. In 1892. For participation in the riots in 1911 he was exiled to Siberia, in the same year he fled abroad. Lived mainly in Harbin. The first collection of poems was published in 1920 in Harbin. He returned to Russia in 1926. Since the foundation in 1928 of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble of the Red Army under the direction of A. V. Aleksandrov, S. Ya. Alymov became one of its permanent authors. In June 1929, the head of the ensemble, A. V. Aleksandrov, near Kiev, recorded the text and motive of the song from the company commander of the 136th Infantry Regiment, I. S. Aturov. Aturov did not remember the authors. Then Alexandrov recorded it as a composer, indicating his processing. The text of the song, which was shown to Alymov, was clumsy and overly filled with colloquial words: "A Soviet red regiment was coming from Leningrad, from a campaign ...", etc. Based on the original, Alymov created his own lyrics for the song. Here are the texts of Parfenov and Alymov. Parfyonov's text. Through the valleys, over the hills The divisions marched forward, To take Primorye in battle, the stronghold of the White Army. To expel the interventionists Abroad of their native country And not to bend their backs before their agent Labor. Became under the banner, Created a company camp Remote squadrons of the Amur partisans. The glory of these years will not cease, It will never fade, The partisan detachments Occupied the cities. Will be remembered, as in a fairy tale, Like beckoning lights, Stormy nights of Spassk, Volochaev days. They defeated the chieftains, dispersed all the masters And in the Pacific Ocean Finished your trip Alymov's text Through the valleys and over the hills The division went forward, To take Primorye in battle -the stronghold of the White Army. The banners were filled with Kumach of the last wounds, The dashing squadrons of the Amur partisans were walking. The glory of these years will not cease, It will never fade! Partisan detachments occupied cities. And they will remain, like a fairy tale, Like beckoning lights, Storming nights of Spassk, Volochaev days. They defeated the chieftains, Dispersed the governor And in the Pacific Ocean They finished their campaign. In the same 1929, Alymov included the song in the literary and musical montage "Special Far Eastern Army" under the name "Partisan". And ended up in the authors of the text. In the 1930s, the song performed by the PPKA Ensemble led by Alexandrov gained wide popularity. However, in the fall of 1934, a scandal erupted. 23 Far Easterners, former Red partisans, published a letter in the newspaper Izvestia, in which they stated that the authorship of the song “Along the valleys and along the hills” did not belong to S. Ya. Alymov, but to Pyotr Semyonovich Parfenov.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.Allegedly, the former farm laborer and self-taught Parfyonov, holder of two St. George's crosses, wounded on the Western Front and in 1917 became a member of the CPSU (b), back in March 1920 (remember this) dedicated this song to the legendary commander in chief Sergei Lazo, who was burned by the Whites in the furnace of a steam locomotive . A discussion ensued, in which Parfyonov himself spoke with two articles about the history of the creation of the song (one in the magazine "Krasnoarmeyets-Krasnoflotets" No. 21, 1934), evidence-confirmations of writers were published, etc.
The fate of Parfenov cannot be called simple. Parfenov Petr Semenovich - Russian poet, writer, author of the song "Partisan Anthem", military man, diplomat, statesman. Born into a peasant family, as a child he was a swineherd, a laborer, in 1909-10 he was a coachman, janitor, baker in Zlatoust - 1909-1910; then a bricklayer in Ufa at the Asha-Balashov metallurgical plant, a repairman at the Porzya railway station and in Vladivostok. After that - a senior accountant, accountant, waiter of a restaurant in Harbin; a teacher in the village of Yekaterinovka, Primorsky Region; an apprentice chemist at the Tetyukhinskiye mines; non-commissioned officer, warrant officer, staff captain of the engineering troops - the city of Narovchat, Penza province. Since 1914 - on the fronts of the First World War. Since 1915, he published poems in newspapers, including under the pseudonym "Peter of Altai". In 1917 joined the Bolshevik Party at the front. Then in 1918 he became the commander of the Karl Marx regiment, was the inspector of the combat unit of the headquarters of the Altai Front. After the fall of Soviet power in Altai, he was arrested, then released and lived in Semenovka with his parents, was again arrested and fled. In March 1922 he moved to Moscow, where he worked as an employee of the Comintern; editor of the magazines "Soviet Way", "Collectivist"; Deputy Trade Representative of the USSR in Iran. In 1925-1926 he was a responsible instructor of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Siberia and the Far East; then he headed the organizational planning bureau of the State Planning Commission, was appointed deputy chairman, and, finally, the chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR - in 1927-1929. Then Parfyonov moved to Transbaikalia and the Far East, However, in 1933 Parfenov was expelled from the party, accused of anti-Soviet activities. Apparently, this was the reason for the public speeches of former fellow soldiers in his defense. Did not help. In October 1935, Parfyonov was arrested on charges of organizing an anti-Soviet group of writers and creating anti-Soviet works. According to one version, on July 29, 1937, he was shot by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of organizing a counter-revolutionary terrorist group and in connection with counter-revolutionaries. According to another version ( http://www.kmslib.ru/120-let-so-dnya-rozhdeniya-petra-semenovicha-parfenova ) he died on February 14, 1943 from right-sided pneumonia. PS Parfenov was rehabilitated posthumously in 1956. Shortly before his arrest, he managed to describe the history of the creation of the song in the magazines Krasnoarmeyets i Krasnovoyets (1934, No. 21) and Musical amateur performance (1934, according to other sources 1935, No. 10). Parfenov writes that in February 1919, at the request of his friend Efim Mamontov, who was gathering partisan detachments in Altai, he created an underground propaganda song " Our banner" (it happened in Barnaul, where Parfenov was in the hospital): Our Siberia to live. And we will not give our freedom Neither to cancel, nor to change. He wrote it "to the musically proven melody of his early songs" On Suchan" dated July 10, 1914: Through the valleys and over the hills I wandered for a whole month, Not sparing young forces." It is not clear from this phrase of Parfenov where the motive came from: whether he himself picked it up in 1914, or borrowed it. After leaving the Barnaul hospital, Parfenov infiltrated Kolchak's counterintelligence in the city of Kamen-on-Obi and under the guise of official patrols prepared an uprising in the surrounding counties. Meanwhile, his song gained popularity among the Kolchakites mobilized in Altai, among the Altai and Yenisei partisans. Then Parfyonov moved to the Far East. In the spring of 1920, he performed "Our Banner" in the People's House of Vladivostok at a solemn meeting dedicated to the liberation city and, as it was then believed, the end of the Civil War. The song was liked, and the military council of Primorye instructed Parfyonov to write new words to make up for the lack of Red Army songs. It was then that Parfyonov created the first version of "Through the Valleys, Through the Mountains", calling it the "Partisan Anthem". But the text turned out to be "raw" and unsuitable for distribution: Through the valleys, over the hills, the divisions went forward, To take Primorye in battle-the stronghold of the White Army. To drive the interventionists out of their native country. And do not bend your back before their agent Labor. Became under the banner, Created a military camp Remote squadrons of the Amur partisans. Glory will never cease these days They will never forget Like our dashing lava Occupied cities. Preserved, as if in a fairy tale Age-old stumps Assault nights of Spassk, Nikolaev days. How we drove the chieftains, How we smashed the masters. And in the Pacific Ocean they finished their campaign. Parfyonov began to edit the song, but the work progressed slowly. On the night of August 5, the Japanese, unexpectedly for the Reds, invaded Primorye and captured it, but the text of the song was never completed and published. However, Parfyonov, as he himself writes, performed the edited song "quite often" at parties and meetings. So, in oral form, it was common among the Amur partisans. Parfenov made the last changes to the text in February 1922 after the defeat of the Japanese and the White Guards at the Volochaevskaya station. At the same time, he added a dedication "to the blessed memory of Sergei Lazo, who was burned by the Japanese-White Guards in a locomotive firebox," and in March 1922 he left the Far East. He did not have time to publish the song there. Arriving in Moscow, he brought the text to the editors of the "Young Guard", but was refused, motivated by the official policy of "fighting partisanism." For more information about the fate of Petr Parfyonov and the history of the song, see Anatoly Muravlev. The fate of the author of a popular song ("Siberian Lights", 2007, No. 12). Parfenov was buried in Moscow at the Donskoy cemetery. His authorship ceased to be mentioned until, in 1962, the Supreme Court of the RSFSR confirmed that the song belonged to Parfenov. Music history Thanks to the Alexandrov Ensemble, the song became widespread in the USSR and in the world, it is still sung by anti-fascists and revolutionaries from different countries, up to the Nicaraguan rebels. It also served as the basis for the French anarchist song "Makhnovshchina" Performed by the Alexandrov Ensemble. Related songs. The song of the Siberian shooters of the First World War "From the taiga, the dense taiga" to the poem by Vladimir Gilyarovsky, written in 1915, and the White Guard "March of the Drozdovites" , created in June 1919 in Ukraine, are sung to the same motive. Parfenov's songs "Na Suchan" (I wandered through the valleys and hills for a whole month ...), from which "Partizanskaya" received the melody and the first line, were written, as the author recalls, in July 1914. That is, these are the earliest songs on this motive known to us. If the motive was composed by Parfenov himself, then "On Suchan" is the primary source of the melody. This is also indirectly stated in the comments to the songs of the CD “Thorny path of struggle and torment. Songs of the White Movement and the Russian Diaspora ”(St. Petersburg, INLab, 2004, the author of the comments is the soloist of the Valaam choir Konstantin Nikitin): “The story of the March of the Drozdovsky regiment “From Romania on a campaign ...” is extremely curious. The melody of the Bolshevik song “Through the valleys and hills” completely coincides with its melody. However, the latter was recorded by the head of the Red Army Song Ensemble A. V. Alexandrov only in 1929. In reality , “March of the Drozdovsky Regiment” (to the words of P. Batorin) “was ordered by Colonel A.V. Turkul to composer Dmitry Pokrass in Kharkov on June 27, 1919, and was already performed on June 29, possibly in the presence of the commander-in-chief, General A.I. Denikin , at a banquet on the occasion of the occupation of the city by the Whites ”[newspaper“ New Russian word ”(USA), December 6 and 14, 1974].; some turns are similar to the Ukrainian song "Unharness, lads, horses." There is an assumption that the motive of the song was composed by the volunteers of General Chernyavsky back in 1828." By the way, Petr Parfyonov fought on the Romanian front in 1914-1916, along with future Drozdovites. He probably sang his songs at the front - in the same way, as he later did during the Civil War, and in this way he himself laid the foundation for the Drozdov march. OPTIONS (2)1. Guerrilla. Through the valleys, through the mountains Divisions marched forward, To take Primorye in battle, the stronghold of the White Army. To expel the interventionists Abroad of their native country And not to bend their backs before their agent Labor. Became under the banner, Created a company camp Remote squadrons of the Amur partisans. The glory of these years will not cease, It will never fade, The partisan detachments Occupied the cities. Will be remembered, as in a fairy tale, Like beckoning lights, Stormy nights of Spassk, Volochaev days. They defeated the chieftains, dispersed all the gentlemen And in the Pacific Ocean they finished their campaign. The last two lines of verses are repeated Red Army folklore. Comp. V. M. Sidelnikov, ed. Yu. M. Sokolova. M., ed. Soviet Writer, 1938, pp. 128-129. The author of the original text, created in 1920, is P. S. Parfenov (see: P. Parfenov. How the song “Through the valleys, across the mountains” was created. Journal. “Red Army and Red Navy”, 1934, No. 21, p. 13, see also: the magazine "Musical amateur performance", 1935, No. 10). In the 1930s, the song gained the widest popularity in the processing of the poet S. Alymov and composer A. Alexandrov and during the war against fascism spread among the peoples of Eastern Europe and served as the basis for numerous alterations. Quoted from: Russian Soviet Folklore. Anthology / Comp. and note. L. V. Domanovsky, N. V. Novikov, G. G. Shapovalova. Ed. N. V. Novikov and B. N. Putilov. L., 1967, No. 41. 2. <Edition by Sergei Alymov> Through the valleys and over the hills Through the valleys and over the hills The division went forward, To take Primorye in battle-the stronghold of the White Army. The banners Kumach of the last wounds, The dashing squadrons of the Amur partisans were walking. The glory of these years will not cease, It will never fade! Partisan detachments occupied cities. And they will remain, like a fairy tale, Like beckoning lights, Storming nights of Spassk, Volochaev days. They defeated the chieftains, Dispersed the governor And in the Pacific Ocean They finished their campaign. The second half of the verse is repeated Dawn towards. Songbook for youth. Comp. Yu. K. Komalkov. M., Soviet composer, 1982 .The liberation of Primorye and the end of the Civil War In April 1920, a buffer Far Eastern Republic (FER) controlled by Soviet Russia was formed in the Baikal region with elements of democracy: a Constituent Assembly of Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries, a market economy and a certain freedom of the press. Key posts were controlled by the Bolsheviks, and the armed forces of the Republic - the People's Revolutionary Army of Vasily Blucher - were actually part of the Red Army, although they were formally considered an independent formation. In 1920, the FER troops drove the Whites and the Japanese out of Chita and Transbaikalia, and in October 1922 they entered Primorye. By November, the forces of the partisans and the People's Revolutionary Army had liquidated the white and Japanese troops in Primorye. A few days later, on November 15, 1922, the Far Eastern Republic was abolished and its territory declared an "inseparable part" of Soviet Russia. Members of the Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik parties allowed in the FER have been arrested. Blucher was arrested in 1937 and died of arterial blockage by a blood clot during an investigation in Lefortovo prison. With the occupation of Primorye in November 1922, the Civil War was basically over. For several more years, pockets of resistance remained in Central Asia (Basmachi - until 1933) and in Transcaucasia. The last major uprising against the Bolsheviks was the national uprising in Georgia in August 1924. But there are some questions that we will try to consider. So, Parfyonov claimed that the song was written by him in 1920. It follows from the text that the Civil War was over, the "storm nights of Spassk, the Volochaev days" had passed. But in 1920 the Civil War in the Far East raged with might and main. And there was no “city of Leningrad” in 1920 either. It appeared on January 24, 1924 (Alymov threw out the couplet with the mention of Leningrad altogether, this lapse was not repeated in subsequent publications of Parfenov's text). The assault on Volochaevka began in February 1922, led by Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blucher.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.Later he will talk about it in his memoirs. Defeated in February 1922 near Volochaevka, the White Guards pulled all units to the Spassky fortified area. On October 6, 1922, the People's Revolutionary Army (NRA) and partisans launched an assault on the Spassky fortifications, which lasted three days and three nights.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.This is a monument to the Red Army soldiers in Spassk-Dalniy. There is an inscription on the pedestal: “And they will remain like a fairy tale, like the beckoning lights of the assault nights of Spassk ...”A stable formulation “Civil War of 1917-1922” has developed in Soviet historiography. October 25, 1922 is considered the end of the Civil War - the day when the troops of the NRA of the Far Eastern Republic (FER) entered Vladivostok. So could Parfyonov in 1920 write about the storming of Spassk, about the Volochaev days? Of course not. It seems to me that Parfyonov can be understood - being in a stressful state due to exclusion from the party and the presentation of unfounded accusations, he could simply make a mistake in time, or maybe he was trying to somehow rehabilitate himself.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills. Be that as it may, in 1950 professional researchers first took up the problem of the authorship of the song "Along the valleys and over the hills". It soon became clear that neither Aturov, nor Parfyonov, nor Alymov could be called the sole author. Yes, each of them, to one degree or another, as they say, had a hand, but nothing more. Alymov officially began to be considered (and is still considered) the author of the literary adaptation of the song. The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.It also turned out to be something else. During the First World War, the writer V. A. Gilyarovsky (the same Uncle Gilyai) wrote “March of the Siberian Regiment” to the motive of an old song. The motive of the song, some researchers believe, could have been born among the volunteers of General Chernyavsky as early as 1828.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.I did not find such a general, and there is no information about the volunteers of this period. But there was another Chernyavsky, a lieutenant colonel, a participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. Whatever it was, the author of the melody could not be found. But Gilyarovsky's song was popular. Parfenov could hear her on the Romanian front in 1918-1919. (after all, he joined the party there). There, on the Romanian front, a detachment of whites was formed by Colonel M. G. Drozdovsky, who on March 11, 1918, the detachment set out from Iasi (Romania) on a campaign to join the Volunteer Army.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.On May 25, 1918, the detachment was included in the Volunteer Army as the 3rd Infantry Division. Colonel P. Batorin wrote poems about this campaign, and the commander of the White Guard regiment operating in Ukraine, Colonel Turkul, ordered the composer Dmitry Pokrass to march to the words of Batorin in Kharkov on June 27, 1919, and already on June 29 the march was performed at a banquet in honor of the occupation of the city white.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.I don't know what kind of music D. Pokrass composed. The march was sung even before that to the words of Gilyarovsky. Another version of the march to this melody is known - the "March of the Makhnovists" (1919). But I found it only performed in French - apparently the French anarchists liked it. A small part of the history of this incredibly popular melody, the author of which is so far unknown for certain. So in short: the history of the melody is rich. It is believed that for the first time it sounded to the words of Vladimir Gilyarovsky during the First World War, the text of the song was published in 1915 in the military songbook “Ensign”, detachments of Siberian riflemen went to war with it, so it was called “March of the Siberian Riflemen”. In 1929, the repertoire of the Red Army Song Ensemble under the direction of A. Aleksandrov included the song “Across the Valleys and Hills”, the author of the text was S. Alymov, and the music was I. Aturov, but when the song was performed in front of the Far East, they sent a collective letter to the newspaper “Izvestia” that this is the “Hymn of the Partisans”, well-known in the Far East, authored by Petr Parfyonov. But the melody was incredibly popular, at the same time as the “Partisan Anthem” sounded in the East of the country, in the West the “March of the Drozdovsky Regiment” was written, which was commissioned by the composer D. Pokrass, the author of the words was Colonel P. Batorin. The First Separate Brigade of Russian Volunteers under the command of Colonel M.G. Drozdovsky made the legendary 1200 km transition from Romania, from the front of the First World War, where, by the way, Petr Parfenov also fought until 1917, to the Don, rushing to the aid of the Volunteer Army to fight the Bolsheviks, for new battles, a new military march was needed, and it sounded with new words to well-known music. This melody became the anthem of the struggle for the motherland for the Siberian shooters, and for the whites, and for the reds, and for Makhno, he also had his own “march of the Makhnovists” written to this melody, it turned out very symbolically - the Motherland is one for everyone and the melody is one for everyone, only the words are different. It is interesting to compare the texts of the three non-Soviet versions of the march. March of the Siberian regiment. From the taiga, the dense taiga, From the Amur, from the river, Silently, in a menacing cloud , the Siberians went to battle. They were severely brought up by Silent taiga, Baikal's terrible storms And Siberian snows. No fatigue, no fear; Fight night and fight day, Only the gray hat Famously knocked on one side. Oh, Siberia, dear country, Will we stand up for you, We will convey your greetings to the waves of the Rhine and Danube ! Option: From the taiga, the dense taiga, From the Amur from the Silent River, a formidable cloud, The Siberians go into battle. They were severely brought up by Silent taiga, Baikal's terrible storms, And Siberian snows. Knowing no fatigue, Night and day fight, Only the gray hat Is famously knocked on one side. Oh, Siberia, dear Siberia, We will stand up for you. To the waves of the Rhine and Danube we will convey your bow. Know, Siberia, in dashing years In memory of the glorious old days The honor of the great people Your sons will defend. Free Russia will rise, By our faith of grief, And the walls of the ancient Kremlin will hear this song .March of the Drozdovsky regiment Drozdovsky's glorious regiment marched from Romania ,To save the people ,Fulfilling a heavy duty. He endured many sleepless nights And endured hardships, But the hardened heroes were not afraid of the long way! General Drozdovsky boldly walked forward with his regiment. As a hero, he firmly believed that he would save his homeland! He saw that Holy Russia was dying under the yoke And, like a wax candle, was fading away every day. He believed: the time will come And the people will come to their senses -Throw off the barbaric burden And follow us into battle. The Drozdovites walked with a firm step, The enemy fled under pressure. And with the tricolor Russian Flag The regiment gained glory for itself! May we return gray -haired From bloody labor, Over you will rise, Russia, The sun is new then! Chorus: Glory will not cease these days, It will never fade. Officer outposts Occupied cities! Officer outposts, Occupied cities! Anthem of the Makhnovists Makhnovshchina, Makhnovshchina, wind your flags pitchfork, blackened from the steeple, reddened with blood. On the hills and on the plains , in rain and wind and fog , detachments of partisans marched through the steppes of Ukraine . In Brest-Litovsk, Lenin ceded Ukraine to the Germans - in six months the Makhnovshchina dispelled them like dust. An avalanche of Denikin 's troops was going all the way to Moscow - the Makhnovshchina mowed down their entire army like grass. But the Bolsheviks struck the people in the back, and the Makhnovshchina perished at the hand of a traitor. You died, Makhnovshchina, but you gave a covenant to the fighters. We kept you in our hearts during this difficult time. You are our testament, Makhnovshchina, for the coming years, you wanted to drive tyrants from Ukraine forever. And today, Makhnovshchina, your flags are flying again. They are black as a bug, they are red as blood. You will rise again, khnovshchina, And the bourgeoisie will run Across the steppes of Ukraine, through the tundra and taiga. No rivers of blood will flood the fire of struggle. Nothing will stop us. Tomorrow there will be communism! It is not without interest to see the video for each of these options - it is based on old photographs, reflects the spirit of the times. And try to determine what Dmitry Pokrass brought to the melody of the Drozdovtsev March. Alymov, until the end of his days, did not agree that the authorship of the song "Across the valleys and over the hills" was taken away from him. He died in 1948 and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery. On the tombstone is his bust and the words of one of the songs "Russia is free, the land is beautiful, the Soviet region is my land."The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.There are versions of songs in different languages - in German and French, Greek and Serbian, Armenian, Spanish, Ukrainian. Everyone liked the melody, and everyone had their own words.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.During the Second World War, the song came to Europe. In many countries, the song rallied people in the fight against Nazi fascism. Local soldiers and partisans creatively rethought it and sang the same melody in their own words along with "Katyusha" and other Soviet battle songs. It sounded in English, French, German, Polish, Serbian, Czech, Greek, Armenian, was the main song of the Yugoslav and Italian partisans. Po šumama i gorama naše zemlje ponosne idu čete partizana, Slavu borbe pronose! Partizan sam, tim se dičim Neka čuje dušman kleti krvavi se vodi rat, Prije ćemo mi umreti Nego svoje zemlje dat'! Kaznićemo izdajice, Oslobodit' narod svoj, Kazaćemo celom svetu Da se bije ljuti boj! Crne horde nas ne plaše, Krv herojska u nas vri, Mi ne damo zemlje naše Da je gaze fašisti! Through the forests and mountains of Our proud country Companies of partisans are marching, Carrying military glory! I'm a partisan and I'm proud of it Not everyone can be. Only a true hero can die for freedom ! Let the damned enemy know That a bloody war is going on, And we'd rather die Than give up our land! Let's execute the traitors, Let's free our people, Let's tell the whole world That a fierce battle is going on! Black hordes do not frighten us, The blood of heroes flows in us, We will not give up our lands To be defiled by the Nazis! It was especially popular in the Far East, here it was everywhere, it sounded in the call signs of the Pacific Ocean radio station, the favorite radio station of all sailors and fishermen, there were no cell phones before and they could hear the voices of their relatives and friends only here, the sound of familiar call signs anticipated news and greetings from the mainland. The clock at the Vladivostok post office near the railway station was measured every hour by the sound of this melody. The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.On the central square of Vladivostok there is a monument to “Fighters for the power of the Soviets”, the words from the famous song are carved on the pedestal. The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.There are monuments with the words of this song carved on pedestals on Volochaevskaya Sopka, in Khabarovsk and Spassk-Dalniy, for which the song has become the hallmark of the city.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.And on Volochaevskaya Sopka, which is called June-Koran, next to the memorial dedicated to the final battle of the civil war that took place here on these heights in February 1922, the chapel of the Mother of God “Softening Evil Hearts” was recently built as a symbol of repentance and reconciliation, memory of both white and Reds who died in the fratricidal war.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.The history of one song. Through the valleys and up the hills.
Aditional references update
https://www-vesti-ru.translate.goog/article/1914061?_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc///March 30, 2013 20:50///The true origin of the famous Red Army song
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