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Music unknown author, words Dmitry Nikiforovich Falkivsky (3.10.1898-17.12.1934 biennium), real name Levchuk. It is assumed that the melody is also his. The poet was born in the village of Lepesy (now Kobryn district, Brest region). Since childhood I learned the price of hard black bread. Mother Maria Gerasimovna with a thin Ukrainian song soul instilled her son's love for folk melos, which turned into a hobby even with classical music. In order to learn how to play Chopin, little Dmitry, despite the material predicament, bought a cheap piano, studied musical notation, even tried to write small musical plays himself. After Kobryn real school enters Brest-Litovsk gymnasium, shows great talent for knowledge, is fond of literature and at 14 years old begins to poetry. Learning to break the war. Well in German, he campaigns among Kaiser soldiers. So begins his revolutionary activity, for which he enters the concentration camp and from which he flees. During the Civil War, he was in the first ranks of the Kobryn underground group of the RPS (b), then in the ranks of the Extraordinary Commission of Belarus (1920-1923). He went to chekist thanks to a gymnasium friend F. Fedosyuk, who created the county people's militia and the department of sponge in Kobryn. In 1923 he fell ill with tuberculosis, served, left the service and moved to Kyiv, got married. In Kiev becomes Falkivsky. This pseudonym comes from the German word "Falk", that is, "Falcon", or the etymologized word "Falk" ("people"). Obviously, such a change was associated with the service in the NSA, which the poet did not like to mention, and when it was already talked about, he spoke without hiding, restrained, without poster. However, many of his works have picked up the veil over this mystery. they can be conditionally called the "confession of the Chekist". These were poetic testimonies of a man who, in his own experience, experienced retreats from Chekist "valor", violation of legality by those who should protect it. D. Falkovsky survived the insanity evolution of consciousness, which affected his work. Initially, he had success in the Kiev branch of "Hart", but in 1924 he broke up with her and opened up while in the literary group "Lanka" in the company of V. Antonenko-Davydovsky, G. Kosinka, V. Pidmogilny, M. Ivchenko, V. Yaroshynsky, T. Osmachki. Especially friends with E. Pluzhnik. He dedicated his poem. In 1927-1932. worked as a secretary in the magazine "Kino", had ties with M. Bazhan, O. Dovzhenko, Y. Yianovsky, M. Semenko, M. Irchan, V. Polishchuk, G. Kosyachenko, G. Kosynka, D. Gassem. Although there were excellent aesthetic tastes, but they were united by the desire to build the foundations of Ukrainian cinema. Trying his talent as a film director, he is one of the authors of the scripts "The Dam Broke", "Black Days". During his short and tragic life he managed to publish 4 books-the poetry "Chaban" (1925), collections "Horizons" (1927), "On the fire" (1928), "Polissya" (1931). It was printed in various journals, was engaged in translations. Although there was a positive critique of his work, it was lost in the chorus of "global" criticism, suspected and malicious ideological and aesthetic scapeening, hidden hostility to socialism. Slander became a reason to discredit the people. The former Chekist hardly experienced the expediency and fairness of a particular sentence at a time of "red terror", his conscience did not know peace. The poet's voice, one of the first to sound the alarm, was not only ignored, but also interpreted as hostile. He anticipated a looming catastrophe over himself, but did not offend his soul. December 1, 1934 in the evening by phone order of J. Stalin Secretary of the CEC and RNA A. Jenukidze without any agreement with members of the Soviet government announced a resolution of the CEC and the RNA of the USSR "On Amendments to the Current Criminal Procedure Codes of the Union Republics." Thus, a draconian law was passed that ordered judges to consider cases of terrorist acts without the participation of prosecutors and defenders, deprive defendants of the right to appeal, demanded immediate execution of sentences unprecedented in their cruelty in peacetime. In early 1934, a visiting session of the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR during the presidency of the Army 1st Rank V. Ulrich and his assistants M. Rychkov, A. Goryachov accused 28 representatives of Ukrainian culture in organizing the preparation of terrorist acts against soviet leaders and delivered an irrelevation sentence: execution. So the bullet of the NKVD found a former Chekist, transformed by the will of the Stalinists to the "enemy of the people." The bloody performance took place in Kiev December 13-15, 1934' in the former institute of noble unknocks, converted to the house of the republican NKVD (now the October Palace). Together with D. Falkivsky brothers I. Kruschelnytsky and T. Kruschelnytsky, G. Kosynka, K. Bureva, O. Close and others died. Subsequently here (March 27-28, 1935) his comrades E. Pluzhnyk, V. Pidmogilny, V. Polishchuk, M. Irchan, V. Striking, G. Mayphet, O. Kovinka were destroyed. D. Falkivsky's poetry attracts melody, and pointed emotional lyrics are perceived as an honest art document on the fratricidal process, creepy in its kinnina. The poet's mouth formulated the tragic experience of his generation.
45, This page has been approved. The reed was behind my cradle;I was born and raised in the swamps.I love my house in Polissya…I love my rugged forest…What's in the tropics, lush pampas? - Look in the forest to us! ..I would give for her immediately and Tibet, and the Urals, and the Caucasus…And Polissya gloomy swamp? - Water flooded half of Polissya…Only in some places the hamlet is lonely, Only in some places a piece of the village. Although we live in poverty, in the mud, And what a privilege in the spring, When you put the wind chest And fly, and you fly on a boat. And the water splashes and cries, Chokes in fierce anger. Well, tell me, whose heart is hot, 43
Prodigal son of the Ukrainian Brest region, 30.04.2009 Petro Kraliuk 6 comments 4 856, Dmytro Falkivsky Every poet dreams that his poems "go to the people." But rarely does a poet manage to write such lines so that they become a folk song. To do this, you probably need to feel the "soul of the people." Dmytro Falkivsky managed to create such a masterpiece. I mean a verse that begins with the words: The reed was behind my cradle; I was born and raised in the swamps. I love my Polissya house…I love my swarming forest…This poem became not just a folk song, but a kind of anthem of Polishchuks. There is something really deep in these simple words, something that conveys their worldview. And the gloomy swamp of Polissya? Half of Polissya flooded…Only in some places the hamlet is lonely, Only in some places a piece of the village. Life in Polissya is not easy. There are no fertile soils, but there are forests, swamps, rivers. Poverty for the Polishchuk is a common thing. And yet… Though we live in poverty, in the dirt, And what a privilege that spring, When you put the wind chest And fly, and fly on a boat. However, few people know this poet. Even those who sing or hear the song "I Cane was behind the cradle…" do not always know who wrote its words. The centenary of the poet's birth, which passed in 1998 (he was born on November 3, 1898), was almost not celebrated. As well as the hundredth anniversary.As far as I know, the poet's works have not been republished since independence. Ukraine did not need it. A collection of the most valuable works by D. Falkivsky appeared in Soviet times, in 1989. Although the Soviet authorities did not care, they repressed him. [Kobrin. Postcard beg. XX century from www.kobrin-online.com] D. Falkivsky's fate was tragic. He was born in a Ukrainian village, in a Ukrainian family, but on land that was not considered by many and is not considered Ukrainian. In the written biographies of the poet it is often noted that he was born in Belarus. From a formal point of view, everything is correct. The native village of the poet Velyki Lepesy is now located in the territory of the Republic of Belarus. But this is the Brest region, which in ethnic terms was (and remains), despite the Russification, Belarusianization, Ukrainian. Even today in these areas, communicating with ordinary people in villages, small towns, you can hear almost pure Ukrainian. Although these people were not taught this language in schools. In the end, like D. Falkivsky. The village of Velyki Lepesy is a suburb of Kobryn, the district center of the Brest region. By the way, this city was first mentioned in the Galician-Volyn chronicle. There used to be a Ukrainian school here (now the Alexander Suvorov Museum is in this building!), And Ukrainian organizations operated. This is no longer the case. The "Russian spirit" reigns in the city. However, in Lepes there is still a modest monument to D. Falkivsky. Falkivsky is a pseudonym. In fact, the poet had a typical Ukrainian surname - Levchuk. And his father called him Nikanorovich. Despite his peasant origin, the boy was able to study at a gymnasium in Brest. His youth coincided with difficult times - the period of the First World War, revolutions (February and October), the Civil War. Popular at that time were socialist ideas, which captured the educated youth. D. Falkivsky was no exception here. In addition, his fascination was conditioned by his social background. In D. Falkivsky's poems there is a lot of rebellious, "anti-pan". For example: The shot yawned in the middle of the night, And the marble of blood got drunk.The blood was baked with resin.Gentlemen's corpses on the floor. The wind with a flexible hand On the trees wiped tears. Morning looked at the fire On the ruins of marble. Kobrin, Suvorov Military History Museum. There used to be a Ukrainian school here, where D. Falkivsky tudied. Photo from wikipedia.org Probably, there was a logic in the fact that during the civil war the poet found himself in the state of the Bolsheviks. In 1920-1923 he served as a Chekist in Minsk and took part in mass repressions against "counterrevolutionaries." This is reflected in his poetry: Because I can't get used to the city, Dirty, mocking city, Because with my heart I am gentle and pure, Dharma, who was once a Chekist…In vain, that at night with " nagana " I stuck bullets in my temple And dreamed of a spring fairy tale, Like blood spilling over a river. In vain that in pain, lamentation In those days the heart was not surprised…In vain that in those autumn nights I was for the harbinger of death. In vain, under the roar of the engine "Nagan" my shot relentlessly…And the stars stared at the blood at the sand until the morning. Apparently, D. Falkivsky later repented. He left the service in the Cheka, moved from Minsk to Kiev. He found a close Ukrainian cultural environment here, joined the literary associations "Lanka", "Mars", "Vaplite". He published the poem "Shepherd" (1925), poetry collections "Horizons" (1927), "On Fire" (1928), "Polissya" (1931). He was close to E. Pluzhnik. In his poems, along with rebellious motives, often sounded motives of nostalgia for his native Polissya. Here is one of these examples: I'm sad here, so sad…On the temples - like moss on pines. And dreams of a house, in the house of the cross, And the ice is torn in the swamps. Or else: And now, when fatigue In his arms hugged, - I so want to go home, Where the rye sways Where the mornings rise to die And rise again in the dew Among the clouds half-torn, Among the voices of birds D. Falkivsky managed not only to brilliantly paint pictures of Polissya nature, but also to convey them through the prism of the feelings of the "prodigal son". And since Polissya was - and remains - a land of emigrants, his poetry for people from this region is close, native. There is a lot of lyrical pessimism in D. Falkivsky's poems. It is caused not only by isolation from the native land. The poet suffered from tuberculosis. Although this disease in a sense was also a consequence of this isolation. The poet felt his "uselessness" and foresaw a tragic end: I will lose the golden-haired days on the road, As the wind will lose the leaves in the garden. And I will come broken… And I will come empty. And where - I do not know… Is not it all the same? I was born a dreamer, I will die a traveler, Like a stray bitch under someone else's window. Indeed, he died "under someone else's window." He was arrested on trumped-up charges and shot dead along with 27 Ukrainian writers and cultural figures on December 17, 1934. The system that D. Falkivsky once built has now crushed him. Although, in principle, this is the fate of many revolutionaries.
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