כדי לשחזר את השיר בשפה המקורית אם אינו מופיע לאחר לחיצה על שם השיר המסומן כאן בקוו תחתון או כדי למצוא גירסות נוספות העתיקו/הדביקו את שם השיר בשפת המקור מדף זה לאתר YOUTUBE
To restore the song in the original language if it does not appear after clicking on the name of the song marked here with a bottom line or to find additional versions Copy/Paste the song name in the original language from this page to the YOUTUBE website
התרגומים לאנגלית נעשו באמצעות המנוע "מתרגם גוגל" והתרגום הועתק לאתר בצורתו המקורית ללא עריכה נוספת
The English translations were done using the "Google Translate" engine and the translations were copied to the site in their original form without further editing.
"Favorite City" were first voiced in 1939 in one of the episodes of the film "The Fighters". And, like many good songs from Soviet films, Nikita Bogoslovskiy's composition on the poems of Evgeny Dolmatovsky budd from the cinema and, flying around all corners of our huge country, began an independent life.
Fighters is a Soviet feature film. Filmed in 1939. plot. Sergey, Nikolai and Varya went to school together. Guys have long competed with each other. After school, they entered different flight schools, but after graduating they found themselves in the same military unit. Their commander, Major Tuchkov, deliberately gives them joint tasks, including testing a new device. During one of the flights, Sergey warns the train about the obstacle on the way, thereby preventing the crash. Varya becomes an architect. Sergey and Nikolai meet with her, but Varya chooses Sergei. During the city holiday, Sergei rescues a boy who launched missiles, but as a result loses his sight. He wants to break up the relationship with Varya, chase her away and lie to her about being married. In the city on vacation comes professor-ophthalmologist. They ask him to help Sergei. Nikolai helps them to get to the hospital in a difficult meteorological environment. Sergei has surgery and his eyesight is returned. Varya comes to him again.
Eduard Penzlin's film "The Fighters" was shot in 1939. His characters-military pilots operating in peacetime. However, in the song the hero flies to fight "in a distant land." The phrase "blue haze melts" sounds like "blue smoke of China." This may be a hint that a hero is flying to fight in China.
Soviet fighters I-16, nicknamed in the army "ass" during the Great Patriotic War proved themselves not the best way. They were not able to compete on an equal footing with the Bf-109 Messerschmidts. And in the 1930s, it was a formidable weapon. And the Soviet Union had to use them for its intended purpose. Since the late 1920s, China has been a part of the Soviet geopolitical zone. And it's no accident. First, the surviving associates of Admiral Kolchak, Atamans Annenkov and Semyonov took refuge in the territory of this Far Eastern state. Then the territory of China tried to use as a base Islamic terrorists-Basmachi-a source of serious headache of the Soviet leadership. However, the Basmachis had the folly of getting involved in an armed confrontation with white emigrants, and they signed a verdict: Stalin decided to provide white military assistance, and by joint actions the terrorists were pushed out of china-directly on machine guns and checkers of budunny's army. And in the late 1930s, China became the scene of Japanese aggression. The Japanese imperial government and Japanese militarists did not see Kuomintang China as a serious adversary. And it is not seen rightly: despite the fact that China at times outnumbered Japan in both territory and human resources, its army lagged far behind in terms of training and technical equipment from the Japanese army. More than two years before the official outbreak of World War II, the island empire unleashed a large-scale war against China, and by September 1, 1939, according to Natalia Narochnitskaya, 15 million Chinese were exterminated by the Japanese occupiers. The Japanese did not take into account only one thing: China had a powerful northern neighbor, just going through a period of rapid military and technical development. On September 14, 1937, the Kuomintang government asked the USSR for military assistance. Mainly, China needed aviation and personnel of pilots: their air force in the "sky" were weak and suffered in battles with the Japanese significant losses, as a result of which The Japanese aviation reigned supreme in the air. The request was respected. Officially, the USSR did not enter the war with Japan-not those were the times. On November 25, 1936, the governments of imperial Japan and Hitler's Germany concluded the infamous anti-Communist Pact. The performance of the USSR on the side of China could well serve as an occasion for the beginning of the German invasion of our country, especially since Hitler directly pointed to Russia as the main goal of his aggressive aspirations. Negotiations with representatives of England and France, which led the government of the USSR in order to create a system of collective security against German imperialism, were sluggish and rapid successes were not promised: the West preferred the policy of "appeasement of the aggressor." Therefore, it was decided to send volunteer pilots to China. They were to fight on Soviet planes, but with Chinese identification signs. The selection of volunteers was handled by the commander of the RKKA Air Force Alexander Loktionov. A.D. Loktionov. As early as October 1937, two squadrons were sent to China via Kazakhstan-a fighter jet equipped with the same I-16, which has already been mentioned, and bomber, equipped with SB-2 aircraft. A year later, several more squadrons went to China. As early as November 1937, Soviet pilots opened their combat account. The Japanese at that time did not have planes equal in their characteristics to Soviet machines. The reign of the Japanese in the air was put to an end. Among the most important combat tasks assigned to and solved by Soviet volunteer pilots are: 1) Protection from enemy flights of Wuhan, the administrative center of Hubei province, which had an important economic importance. 2) Air battle on April 29, 1939, in which 55 aircraft took part from the Japanese side. Twenty-two of them were destroyed. The losses of Soviet fighters-5 machines. 3) Destruction of the Japanese airfield in Taiwan by Soviet SB-2 bombers on February 23, 1938. The result was the destruction of 40 Japanese aircraft (not counting those that were in containers in disassembled form) and a three-year fuel supply. But perhaps the most impressive was the attack of Soviet heavy bombers TB-3 on the territory of Japan itself. The Japanese, as G. Petrov reports in the journal Military History, felt completely safe on their islands. TB, of course, were very imperfect machines (which was found in all its glory in 1941), slow-moving and very vulnerable, but in abundance possessed such important quality for the bomber as a long range. The group of 6 TB-3 bombers was commanded by Gregory Illarionovich Thor. Help. Theor, Grigory Illarionovich (1903-1943) Soviet pilot, major general of aviation, Ukrainian. He was born in Kiev in a peasant family. In 1923 he joined the RCCA as a volunteer. In 1931 he graduated from the school of flight-watchers, in 1935-the school of pilots. He participated in the Spanish Civil War. A participant of the Great Patriotic War, defended Kiev. In September 1941 he was captured by the Germans and shot in a concentration camp. On May 20, 1938, six TB-3 bombers took off from an airfield near the Chinese city of Hankou and headed for Japan. On the wings they flaunted Chinese markings. Japanese air defense did not make a single shot: the samurai just dumbened with such audacity. However, the Russian pilots did not bomb Japanese cities - it could draw them into battle with the Japanese and help, in case of the defeat of at least one plane, to reveal the mystery. After that, immediately followed the beginning of the World War, which the USSR tried to delay by all means. Instead of bombs on the Japanese cities of Sasebo, Fukuoka and Nagasaki, a flurry of...Leaflets. In pure Japanese it was written: "If you continue to create ugliness, millions of leaflets will turn into thousands of bombs". The Japanese were well aware that there were more than a hundred such bombers in service with Soviet aircraft in the Far East. So this "paper" bombardment has proved to be a powerful deterrent. Despite provocations and private border clashes, Japan did not dare to start a full-scale war against the USSR, even when its German allies stood near Stalingrad. So successfully, effectively flew "to the far edge" comrade. The south-eastern borders of his homeland protected reliably. And yellow-faced militarists have a lot of appetites. Song Story. I'm going to Kiev on the call of the film studio. There is a film "Fighters" and the director wants to see the prom boys and girls sing something about saying goodbye to school. A trip to Kiev-always happiness, and then there is the time of flowering chestnuts, carefree spring of 1939. And it is impossible to imagine that you will have to lie in a trampled rye with a rifle on the approaches to this city, and then swim over the icy Dnipro, and then-not soon, not soon-to pass through the ruined Kreshchatnik. With me in the compartment Komsomolets with a diamond on blue loops, with the Golden Star of the Hero over a wide row of firmly screwed to the gymnastics orders, a white-haired singer and a balagur, but not answering the most important questions for me. How to stir it? I almost furtively hum the song "Bandier Ross " and he, smiling, understands and accepts this my embarrassing guile. However, I guess I know more about him than he does-we've been breathing the air of Madrid for several years. The pilots who fought in Spain were our idols. It is not yet known how the fate of my random companion will turn out. Maybe in a few months on Halkhin-Gola he will meet with the young poet Konstantin Simonov, and the poet will look into these eyes of the color of the sky as enthusiastically as I am...Maybe in two years the fate of the pilot will turn out as described by the novelist Konstantin Simonov in "The Living and the Dead", in the form of an aviation general. and the novelist will mercilessly and tragically end his life and will grieve for him and lament that early he got diamonds on loops. I say goodbye to the pilot at the station, but in half an hour we meet again in the corridor of the Continental Hotel-our rooms are nearby. At the film studio I get a show of material, I meet the performer of the main role, young and very similar to the pilot with whom I was riding a train for the first time-Mark Bernes. Composer Nikita Bogoslovskiy, already known as the author of wonderful songs written by Lebedev-Kumach and Boris Laskin , improvises on the piano. We come up with a song of schoolchildren, which they should sing at the prom: In front of us the way. What to go for? Maybe the heart will freeze when you choose. On any go, everything is ahead of us, the whole Ofchichia from edge to edge. We come out into life at dawn, the world is light and wide. Let us be greeted by the spring wind. The production was easy. Maybe that's why it was soon easily forgotten. Everything is going well: the choir has been ordered, rehearsals have begun, filming has begun. On the screen prom evening, ball; probably the first in the movie-how many of them will then be on the screens ! But Mark Bernes, who plays the role of a pilot, really wants to sing another song-his, the pilot, and we tirelessly wander through the night fun Kiev, argue what it should be, this song. Mysterious twists of the Dnipro shore (they will still come to another song), the narrow streets of Podola, noisy Bessarabka. What should the song be like? What should the song be like? The director is not really against, but does not determine what kind of song is needed and whether it is necessary at all-whether it will slow down cinematic action. Then I do the sketches. Bernes vehemently rejects them:-Write a world song. It's like this...However, you will never make such a way! And he sings the song "Far Watchman". I indecisively admit that this is my work. Then Bernes is humbled, though. I don't seem to really take my word for it. Late, late we knock on the door of a hotel roommate. The pilot collects a suitcase-he has already received an appointment, at dawn flies to his part. Right from the threshold we start the interview:-Imagine that in the circle of comrades you sing a song about yourself, about your reflections. What's this song? At that time it was not possible to tell much about Spain. And we listen, listen, relive and as a prayer repeating: Barcelona, Cartagena, Guadalajara...Nikita Bogoslovskiy created the music, and now seems wonderful to me. Bernes winces: he's a customer, he's the one who's supposed to. But he sings the song. We run to Brest - Lithuanian highway, to the studio. The director doesn't like the song. The director, it turns out, sings himself, he has a subtle theatrical tenor, and in his performance the song does not work. "No courage! He concludes the discussion. Do you want this song or don't you want it? It was too late. There's a plan to shoot once. The director is in favour, but the song has a lot of opponents. Me and Theological and Bernes ask to shoot the song on film at our expense. There's a debate going on. I go to Moscow in upset feelings-the question of "Favorite City" is not solved. Bernes writes to me that the song is already on the screen, but the film is prepared for surrender in two versions-with and without the song. Everything will be decided later, but for now all the studio employees sing the song. In winter, in the dugout of the gunners under Vyborg on military radio, we accept Moscow. Announce: "A new song from the movie "The Fighters" : Will pass a comrade all fronts and wars, Not knowing sleep, not knowing the silence Favorite city can sleep peacefully, And see dreams, and green in the middle of spring. It seemed to me then that the song will not sing. But comrades ask to rewrite the words. And they've already given others a rewrite. By the spring of 1941, "Favorite City" had spread widely. And all of a sudden I find out that there's someone 'ordering' to ban the song. Using an old acquaintance, I call the secretary of the Moscow Committee of the party Alexander Shcherbakov (he was recently secretary of the Union of Writers). "You can't ban the song," Scherbakov replies to me, adding after a pause: "Look, no matter how outdated "Favorite city can sleep peacefully." A lot of hassle brought me then this line. During the terrible bombing on the Don, I was at paratroopers-paratroopers. Just made his way to them-and immediately flat on the ground for a few hours. Planes go in waves, hit the crossing, on convoys, on troops. I do not know anyone here, I lie among strangers (though, then it turned out that my neighbor in the funnel-our hideout was the brother of the poet Sergei Ostrovy) In a second of calm, one of the officers raises his head and to the laughter of paratroopers says:-Here would now be the poet here, that "Favorite city can sleep peacefully" wrote. I did not insist on my authorship...Still, I think. that the words about your favorite city never sounded blasphemous. Belief in victory has always been the leitmotif of our poetry. This faith is dictated by the song about your favorite city. Later there was the song "Goodbye, beloved city " (verse A . Churkin), and now in radio - and television broadcasts there is a traditional section "Songs about your favorite city." And when Paul Robson sang this song overseas, probably he thought of our unyielding land, told his listeners about it. The tragic years were a test of all the people. And his songs.
Additional references update
https://www.ol-cbs.ru/online/edd/75-pesni-vojny-i-pobedy/1807-lubimyj-gorod
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