Corylus avellana / Hazelaar

Corylus sp. /  Hazelspecies references

Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazel, Betulaceae) and  C. avellana L. (Common hazel, Betulaceae) are the most common hazel species in Europe. They  are native to  southeast Europe  and southwest Asia, from  the  Balkans  through  northern  Turkey  to  northern  Iran.  C. colurna  is widely  cultivated as  an ornamental tree  in Europe  and North  America  [1].  C.  avellana  is  widely  utilized  by  the confectionary industry,  and has  been used  in traditional  medicine for  a  long  time.  It  contains  several  compounds  with  beneficial biological activity, such  as flavonoids, caffeic acid  derivatives [2] and  diarylheptanoids [3]. Based  on these  facts, C.  colurna  could also  be  considered  as  a  source  of  pharmacologically  important natural compounds.  Nevertheless, its phytochemical  exploration is still  incomplete.  Based  on  previous  literature  data  the  ethanolic extract of C. colurna leaves possess notable antioxidant activity [4]. Nevertheless, its chemical composition has not yet been studied in detail.  Therefore,  our  aim  was  the  investigation  of  potent antioxidant phenolic compounds in different parts of the plant.   

The results of quantitative determination of phenolics in the leaves, bark, catkins and involucre of C. colurna are presented in Table 1. Based on  our results we could  conclude that the  catkins were the richest  in  total  polyphenols  (5.08±0.42%),  tannins  (3.49±0.42%) and flavonoids  (0.84±0.07%). Notable amounts  of phenolics were also presented in the bark samples (total polyphenols: 2.42±0.43%, tannins  1.33±0.37%,  flavonoids  0.43±0.05%).  The  involucre was found  to  contain  more  polyphenols  (1.43±0.18%)  and  tannins (0.80±0.13%)  than  the  leaves  (0.94±0.12%  and  0.38±0.16% respectively), while the latter was richer in flavonoids (0.08±0.02% and 0.49±0.04% respecitvely).  Since flavonoids, tannins and other plant phenolics are well known antioxidants,  we aimed  to investigate  the  free radical  scavenging activity and phenolic composition of C. colurna extracts. In order to gain  extracts  rich  in  phenolics,  extraction  with  n-hexane  and chloroform  was  carried  out  first  as  a  purification  step.  Since diarylheptanoid-type molecules, which are also in the range of our interest, show relatively high solubility in ethyl acetate [3], during the extraction procedure ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions were also prepared. 

Antioxidant capacity of these extracts was determined  by  in  vitro  tests  using  DPPH  (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and  ABTS  (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), as free radicals (Table 2).  In the DPPH in vitro radical scavenging activity tests the two catkin samples showed  the highest antioxidant  capacity, followed  by the bark extracts. In both cases the ethyl acetate extracts were found to be  better  antioxidants  than  the  methanolic  extracts.  These  four samples  possesed  higher  activites  than  all  the  standards,  except hirsutenone.  The  leaves  and  involucre extracts  presented  modest antioxidant activities, but still comparable with that of kaempferol.  In  the  ABTS  in  vitro  radical  scavenging  activity  tests  the methanolic  extract  of  the  catkin  samples  showed  the  highest antioxidant capacity, it being higher than those of all the standards, except hirsutenone. The bark extracts presented significantly lower activities, but still comparable with that of ascorbic acid. The leaves and involucre extracts showed modest activity in the ABTS test, as well. For all the plant samples it was observed that the methanolic extracts possessed  higher or  statistically equal antioxidant  activity in the ABTS test than the ethyl acetate extracts.  It is generally noted that phenolics might be responsible for the high antioxidant  activity  of  plant  extracts  prepared  with  solvents  of relatively  high  polarity,  therefore  we  examined  the  correlation between  the total  polyphenol  content of  the  crude drugs  and the antioxidant activities of their methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts (Figure 1).  In all  cases significant  correlation was  found between the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The best correlations were found between the DPPH radical scavenging activity  and the  polyphenol  content of  the  ethyl  acetate  extracts, y=0.1827x-0.1436  r2=0.9631;  p<0.005)  and  between  the  ABTS radical  scavenging  activity  and  the  polyphenol  content  of  the methanolic extracts (y=0.1903x-0.1551, r2=0.9776; p<0.005). Based on these results we could conclude that the phenolic constituents of the C. colurna  samples are responsible  for the notable  antioxidant activity of the extracts. Furthermore, we suppose that phenolics of C. colurna that show better solubility in ethyl acetate possess higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH free radical, while more polar polyphenols,  soluble  in  methanol,  act  more  strongly  against  the ABTS free radical. 

 References

[1]   Launert E. (1986) Edible and Medicinal Plants of Britain and Northern Europe, The Hamly Publishing Group Ltd., Twickenham, 124. [2]  (a) Amaral JS, Ferreres F, Nadrade PB, Valentao P,  Pinheiro C,  Santos A, Seabra R. (2005)  Phenolic profile of hazelnut (Corylus avellaena  L.) leaves cultivars grown in Portugal. Natural Product Research, 19, 157-163; (b) Jakopic J, Petkovsek MM, Likozar A, Solar A, Stampar F, Veberic R. (2011) HPLC-MS identification of phenols in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernels. Food Chemistry, 124, 1100-1106; (c) Shahidi F, Alasalvar C,  Liyana-Pathirana  CM.  (2007) Antioxidant  phytochemicals  in  hazelnut  kernel  (Corylus  avellana  L.)  and  hazelnut  byproducts.  Journal  of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 4, 1212-20. [3]  Riethmüller E,  Alberti Á,  Tóth  G,  Béni Sz,  Ortolano  F,  Kéry  Á.  (2013) Characterisation  of diarylheptanoid-  and flavonoid-type phenolics  in Corylus avellana L. leaves and bark by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Phytochemical Analysis, 24, 493-503. [4]  Benov L, Georgiev N (1994) The antioxidant activity of flavonoids isolated from Corylus colurna. Phytotherapy Research, 8, 92-94. [5]  (a) Ablajan K, Abliz Z, Shang XY, He JM, Zhang RP, Shi JG. (2006) Structural characterization of flavonol 3,7-di-O-glycosides  and determination of the glycosilation position by using negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 46, 352-360; (b)  Jang H,  Timmermann BN,  Gang DR.  (2006) Use  of liquid  chromatography-electrospray ionization  tandem mass  spectrometry to  identify diarylheptanoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome. Journal of Chromatography A, 1111, 21-31; (c) Ma YL, Li QM, Van den Heuvel H, Claeys  M.  (1997)  Characterization  of  flavone  and  flavonol  aglycones  by  collision-induced  dissociation  tandem  mass  spectrometry.  Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 11, 1357-1364;  (d) Nandutu  AM, Clifford M,  Hoewll NK. (2007)  Analysis of phenolic  compounds in Ugandan sweet potato varieties (NSP, SPK AND TZ). African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 1, 29-36. [6]  Barros RGL, Dueñas M, Carvalho AM, Queiroz MJRP, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR (2013) Characterisation of phenolic compounds in wild fruits from Northeastern Portugal. Food Chemistry, 141, 3721-3730. [7]  European Pharmacopoeia, 5th ed. (2005) Council of Europe, Strasbourg. 221. [8]  Arts MJTJ, Haenen GRMN, Voss H-P, Bast A. (2004), Antioxidant capacity of reaction products limits the applicability of the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 42, 45-49. 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263008492_Antioxidant_Activity_and_Phenolic_Composition_of_Corylus_colurna

Corylus avellana gemmotherapy

Corylus avellana, or European hazel is a shrub that can reach six metres high and is found growing in the shade of large trees such as Ash and Hornbeam. It also grows in forest edges, thickets, and hedges. Once grown, it can become invasive, with a tendency to grow in dry, calcareous soils.[1]

Therapeutic actions

• Antisclerotic remedy that breaks up sclerotic tissues

• Lung-drainer, can restore elasticity of the lung through its anti-sclerotic action

• Anticoagulant, normalising thrombus formation

• Stimulates erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis

• Active on hypotonic sclerotic people

Clinical indications

• Respiratory system: restores elasticity of the lungs

• Hepatic system: prevents fibrosis from progressing to cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver)

• Facilitates the synthesis of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) in marrow.

• Circulatory system: active in arteriosclerosis and circulatory stasis, which lead to the occurrence of varicose ulcers. Hypocoagulant, effective in thrombosis and reducing cholesterol.

• Nervous system: useful in depression, neuro-vegetative imbalances, dyspepsia. Also efficient for headaches of hepatic or circulatory origin.

• Renal system: useful in the resorption of edemas of the lower extremities

• Reduces scar tissues, cellulitis

References

↑ Ledoux Frank and Gueniot Gerard (2012) Phytembryotherapy: The Embryo of Gemmotherapy, Editions Amyris, Spain. ↑ Dr. Reckeweg (2012) Product Catalog, Bio Lonreco. Quebec.

Luchtwegen: de hazelaar werkt als drainagemiddel op het cardio-pulmonaire vlak met een fibro-sclerotisch profiel. Hij herstelt de elasticiteit van het longweefsel en regenereert het longslijmvlies evenals de pulmonaire circulatie. Hazelaar wordt ingezet bij bronchitis, emfyseem en astma (met emfyseem). Bij longontsteking kan hazelaar ingezet worden i.c.m. haagbeuk en zwarte bes (ribes nigrum). Zwarte bes zal in dit geval dienst doen als een natuurlijke ontstekingsremmer (zie zwarte bes gemmo)  

Bloedsomloop: corylus avelana is werkzaam bij (hypochrome) bloedarmoede waarbij de oorzaak in het spijsverteringsstelsel ligt (intestinaal bloeden of levercirrose). Bovendien bevordert hij de vorming van de rode bloedcellen (erythropoiesis) in het beenmerg. (Hazelnootolie heeft ook een positieve werking bij bloedarmoede). 

Spijsvertering: De hazelaar vermindert het cholesterolgehalte en verbetert de stofwisselingen, met uitzondering van de opname van suikers.

Zenuwstelsel:  hazelaar helpt bij verstoringen van het neuro-vegatieve zenuwstelsel bijv. bij depressies maar ook bij dyspepsie en kan doeltreffend zijn bij hoofdpijn die zijn oorsprong vindt in een slechte spijsvertering (lever).

Meer info over Corylus

Bereidingswijze tinctuur schors vlgs http://ansm.sante.fr/var/ansm_site/storage/original/application/3a489cd26686b9398bbc878997dcab15.pdf. Hazel mother tincture complies with the requirements of the general technique for the preparation of  the mother tincture (see  Homeopathic Preparations (1038) and French Pharmacopoeia  Supplement). The mother tincture is prepared with ethanol (65 per cent  V/V), using the fresh,  fragmented stem bark of Corylus avellana L.  Content: minimum 0.15 per cent m/m of tannins, expressed as pyrogallol (C6H6O3; Mr 126.1). 

Het blad van de hazelaar bevat ook taxanen, die geïsoleerd zijn te gebruiken tegen kanker. http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/82220124108.pdf In other study shells and leaves of hazel plants were analyzed by ELISA and HPLC-MS. Both shell and leaf extracts contained taxanes. Among these, paclitaxel,10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, paclitaxelC, and 7-epipaclitaxel were identified andquantified. Hazel extracts also showedbiological activity, inhibiting metaphase to anaphase transition in a human tumor cell line.

Final report on the safety assessment of Corylus Avellana 

(Review Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 1:15-20. doi: 10.1080/109158101750300928.

Final report on the safety assessment of Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Seed Oil, Corylus Americana (Hazel) Seed Oil, Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Seed Extract, Corylus Americana (Hazel) Seed Extract, Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Leaf Extract, Corylus Americana (Hazel) Leaf Extract, and Corylus Rostrata (Hazel) Leaf Extract

These ingredients are all derived from hazelnut trees. The two seed oils are expressed from the nuts of the hazelnut tree of the particular species identified. Most current reported cosmetic uses are of the seed oils. The seed extracts are the extract of the nuts of the identified species tree. There is one current report of use of seed extract in cosmetics. The leaf extracts are the extract from the leaves of the particular species tree. There are no current reports of use of these extracts in cosmetics. 

Analysis of seed oil from one species identified Oleic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Eicosaenoic Acid, Docosenoic Acid, Eicosanoic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Stearic Acid, and Tetraeicosanoic Acid. Little information is available to characterize the extracts, however. The functions of most of these ingredients in cosmetics are not reported. In studies of hazelnuts from Spain and Egypt, aflatoxin was reported as a possible contaminant. Aflatoxins are considered carcinogenic in humans. Virtually no safety test data are available on these ingredients. Negative results in one comedogenicity study using a seed oil are reported. Cross-sensitivity to proteins in peanuts and those in hazelnuts are reported, but the presence or absence of protein in nut extract and plant extract from hazelnut trees is not known. 

Additional data were provided regarding concentration of use, method of extraction and contaminants, comedogenicity, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation absorption, but these data related to nut oil from only one species, and were not overall sufficient to resolve questions about irritation, sensitization, and photosensitization. Because of the absence of data, it is concluded that the available data are insufficient to support the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic products. Because of the limited information that characterizes any of these oils or extracts, data are needed on each (except that items 1, 2, and 3 below are not needed for Hazel [Corylus Avellana] Nut Oil). The additonal data needs include: (1) current concentration of use; (2) method of extraction/manufacture and quality control (i.e., chemical analyses); (3) contaminants and methods of extraction (especially pesticides and heavy metals); (4) dermal irritation and sensitization; (5) UV absorption; if there is significant absorption, then a photosensitization study will be needed; (6) 28-day dermal toxicity; (7) reproductive and developmental toxicity; and (8) two genotoxicity assays, one in a mammalian system; if positive, then a 2-year dermal carcinogenesis study using National Toxicology Program (NTP) methods may be needed.

Hazelnutoil

Hazelnut, also known as Corylus Avellana  is the third most cultivated nut crop in the world. It is the seed from the fruit of the Hazel tree which is usually found in Turkey, Italy, Azerbaijan and the United States. Turkey is the world’s largest producer of Hazelnut (1).Hazelnuts are also known as Cobnuts or Filberts which are spherical to oval in shape. After 7-8 month of pollination the ripe nuts fall out of the husk. These kernels are roasted or made into a paste. It is widely used in confectionary industry. 

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Hazelnut oil has high amounts of Oleic acid (76.3-82.6%) and linoleic acid and lesser amounts of palmitic acid. Oleic acids are un-saturated fatty acids. Hazelnut oil is also a rich source of Vitamin-E and has high amounts of proteins, dietary fibres, iron, thiamine, phosphorus, manganese and Magnesium. Oil can be extracted using cold expression/screw pressing or supercritical C02 extraction.  Both methods impart an oil that is relatively clear (2).  It has SAP value of 187-195 and Iodine value of 83-90 gI/100g.  The oil is light yellow liquid.

Hazelnut Oil Fatty Acid Profile

• Oleic Acid 68-85%

• Linoleic Acid 9-20%

• Palmitic Acid 4-9

• Palmitoleic Acid Max 0.6%

• Stearic Acid 1-4%

Source: Textron

Health Benefits of Internal Use 

Hazelnuts are packed with fats and proteins. They also contain phytic acid which can limit the bodies ability to absorb certain minerals such as iron and zinc. Antioxidants, such as tocoperols in hazelnut seeds reduces LDL cholesterol, the risk of atherosclerosis and helps prevent obesity (3) and hazelnut skin has been investigated for its anti cancer properties (4).

Hazelnuts contain a series of antioxidants that may cooperate in concert, providing the body with potential help in hindering the free radical threat, thus improving human well-being by countering the initiation and progression of oxidative stress-mediated disorders and disease (5)

Skin and Hair Care Benefits 

Hazelnut oil has moisturising and antioxidant properties so is good for most skin types, but is a good choice for oily and acne prone skin. It is the ideal base oil for facial and body oils for most skin types. 

Masson and Bardot (1990) investigated the moisturising effect of hazelnut oil phospholipids.  They note that there is s considerable difference in levels of phospholipids in refined and unrefined oils, with refined only having trace amounts compared to unrefined which had 286 ppm. They compared the moisturising effects of refined and unrefined oils on 56 subjects and found, “A significant increase in the moisturizing effect of the emulsion containing virgin hazelnut oil was found and this was itself significantly greater than the emulsion containing refined oil.” They then compared the moisturising effect of  unrefined oil with refined oil enriched with 234ppm isolated hazelnut phospholipids and found there was no difference between the two. This indicated that hazelnut phospholipids concentration was directly connected to its skin moisturising effect (6) 

Hazelnut is considered an astringent oil due to the catechins and tannins (healthy flavonoids).  This quality makes it perfect for oily and acne prone skin (7).

References

1. OPARNICA CEDO, DRAGAN DRAGAN, TODOR VULIC, BOBAN DJORDJEVIC (2018)CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OFHAZELNUT (CORYLUS SPP) CULTIVARS, Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

2. Acta Horticulturae 445, 101–108. Botta, R., Richardson, D., 1994. Hazelnut variety organic acids, sugars, and total lipid fatty acids. Acta Horticulturae 351, 693–699. Botta, R., Gianotti, C., Me, G., 1997. Kernel quality in hazelnut cultivars and selections analysed for sugars, lipids and fatty acid composition. Acta Horticulturae 445, 319–326

3.  Pycia, K., Kapusta, I., & Jaworska, G. (2019). Changes in Antioxidant Activity, Profile, and Content of Polyphenols and Tocopherols in Common Hazel Seed (Corylus avellana L.) Depending on Variety and Harvest Date. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010043

4.  Caimari A, Puiggròs F, Suárez M, Crescenti A, Laos S, Ruiz JA, Alonso V, Moragas J, Del Bas JM, Arola L. The intake of a hazelnut skin extract improves the plasma lipid profile and reduces the lithocholic/deoxycholic bile acid faecal ratio, a risk factor for colon cancer, in hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Food Chem. 2015 Jan 15;167:138-44. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.072. Epub 2014 Jun 24. PMID: 25148970.

5. Marina Contini, Maria Teresa Frangipane, Riccardo Massantini, Chapter 72 - Antioxidants in Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.),Editor(s): Victor R. Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson, Vinood B. Patel,Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention,Academic Press,2011,Pages 611-625,

6. Masson P, Merot F, Bardot J. Influence of hazelnut oil phospholipids on the skin moisturizing effect of a cosmetic emulsion. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1990 Dec;12(6):243-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00539.x. PMID: 19291034I

7. Ivanović, Stefan & Avramović, Nataša & Dojcinovic, Biljana & Trifunovic, Snezana & Novaković, Miroslav & Tešević, Vele & Mandić, Boris. (2020). Chemical Composition, Total Phenols and Flavonoids Contents and Antioxidant Activity as Nutritive Potential of Roasted Hazelnut Skins (Corylus avellana L.). Foods. 9. 430. 10.3390/foods9040430.

8. FAOSTAT. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. 2018. Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed on 10 March 2020).

Over hazelnoten

De hazelnoot is de vrucht van de hazelaar, een in West-Europa inheemse struik uit de berkenfamilie. Behalve mensen, zijn ook verschillende dieren dol op hazelnoten. Van hazelnoten eten we alleen de kern. De noot heeft een harde schil die lastig te kraken is.

De ongecultiveerde struik wordt een ‘wilde hazelaar’ genoemd. Qua grootte lijkt deze struik trouwens meer op een boom. In het voorjaar bloeit de struik met kleine katjes. De vruchten van de wilde hazelaar zijn kleiner en hebben grotere vliezen dan de noten van de gecultiveerde exemplaren. Voor de commerciële teelt worden dan ook speciaal gekweekte hazelaars gebruikt, die ook meer vruchten opbrengen. Deze struiken worden maximaal zo’n 6 meter hoog. Je moet wel even geduld hebben, want vanaf het ontkiemen geeft de struik pas na 10 jaar vruchten.

Hazelnoten zijn in de herfst vers te koop én te rapen. Ze worden veel geïmporteerd uit Turkije maar ook in Nederland worden hazelaars geteeld. Gedopte bruine en blanke hazelnoten kan je het hele jaar door kopen. Blanke noten missen het bruine vliesje maar zijn qua smaak vergelijkbaar met de donkere variant. Door de noten kort in een droge pan of in de oven te roosteren laat het vliesje vanzelf los.

Hazelnoten worden industrieel verwerkt in verschillende producten, bijvoorbeeld in de bekende hazelnootpasta, maar ook in schuimgebak en ontbijtproducten. Ook wordt er likeur gemaakt van hazelnoten.

Bewaren

Bewaar hazelnoten donker, koel en droog. Hazelnoten in de dop blijven zo maanden, soms wel jaren goed.

Toepassing

Hazelnoten hebben een aardse nootsmaak en zijn op allerlei manieren te verwerken. Maak bijvoorbeeld eens zelf een chocoladepasta van hazelnoten, dadels en cacao. Ook zijn hazelnoten lekker bij een voorgerecht, door een salade of in gehakte vorm over de soep. De smaak van hazelnoten combineert verder prima met appels en peren, courgette, geitenkaas, venkel en sinaasappel.

Wist je dat:

• De hazelnoot belangrijke voeding is voor allerlei dierlijke bosbewoners zoals gaaien, spechten, muizen en eekhoorns?

• De hazelaar zichzelf verspreidt door de wind en via door dieren begraven hazelnoten.

• Kleine hazelnoten van de wilde variant meer smaak hebben dan de gecultiveerde?

• Je een flinke hoeveelheid hazelnoten kunt rapen in en de eerste weken van september?

• Het roosteren of blancheren van hazelnoten zorgt voor een diepere smaak?

• Het in Rome gebruikelijk was om een hazelnootstruik cadeau te doen als symbool van geluk?

• Rijpe hazelnoten vanzelf uit de boom vallen?

Wetenschappelijke weetjes over de voedingswaarde van hazelnoten

Onderzoekers hebben ontdekt dat hazelnoten de cholesterolspiegel gunstig kunnen beïnvloeden (1). Interessant is ook dat hazelnoten het brein kunnen beschermen tegen achteruitgang en het ontwikkelen van Alzheimer (2). Daarnaast wordt het risico op hart- en vaatziekten lager bij regelmatige inname (3).

Referenties

(1) Yücesan FB, Orem A, Kural BV, Orem C, Turan I. Hazelnut consumption decreases the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, plasma oxidized LDL level and increases the ratio of large/small LDL in normolipidemic healthy subjects. Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology. 2010; 10(1):28-35.

(2) Bahaeddin Z, Yans A, Khodagholi F, Hajimehdipoor H, Sahranavard S. Hazelnut and neuroprotection: Improved memory and hindered anxiety in response to intra-hippocampal Aβ injection. Nutritional neuroscience. 2016.

(3) Mercanligil SM, Arslan P, Alasalvar C. Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2007; 61(2):212-20.

Notenpasta

Ingrediënten

• 75 g ongebrande hazelnoten

• 50 g pure chocolade 72%

• 50 g melkchocolade

• 180 ml gecondenseerde volle melk

• 1 el vloeibare honing

Verwarm de oven voor op 180 °C. Verdeel de hazelnoten over een met bakpapier beklede bakplaat en rooster in ca. 10 min. goudbruin. Schep regelmatig om. Laat 10 min. op een bord afkoelen. Maal de noten in de keukenmachine in 5 min. tot een gladde pasta. Schep de rand van de kom regelmatig schoon met een spatel.

Breng een pan met een laagje water aan de kook. Snijd de pure chocolade en melkchocolade grof. Doe de chocolade, melk en honing in een kom en hang de kom in de pan. Zorg ervoor dat de kom het water niet raakt. Roer 5 min. tot de chocolade is gesmolten (au bain-marie).

Doe de chocolade bij de notenpasta in de keukenmachine en meng 2 min. tot gladde pasta. Schep in de pot en sluit af.