Vingerhelmbloem is een bloeier in het vroege voorjaar. De plant heeft een tros met licht paarsrode tot witte bloemen. Deze zijn tweezijdig symmetrisch en hebben de vorm van een helm. Ze hebben ook een spoor met nectar. Onder elke bloem zit een schutblad dat vingervormig is ingesneden. De meestal twee bladeren staan verspreid aan de stengel. De bladeren zijn meervoudig geveerd en de fijne deelblaadjes zijn diep gelobd. De kleur van de bladeren en stengel is wasachtig blauwgroen. Ondergronds is een knol te vinden waaruit vroeg in het voorjaar de stengel tevoorschijn komt. De knol is sponsachtige gevuld.
In Belgie is Vingerhelmbloem vrij algemeen in Wallonie en zeldzaam in Vlaanderen. Vingerhelmbloem komt in Vlaanderen van oudsher in de rijkere bossen van Vlaams-Brabant en Limburg voor. In Nederland en Belgie lijkt Vingerhelmbloem in de jongste decennia vanuit tuinen steeds meer te worden verspreid, maar ook de natuurlijke verspreiding langs rivieren (met name Maas en IJssel) lijkt toe te nemen.
Naamgeving
Als volksnamen gebruikt men in Groningen Duifjes, op Walcheren en in de duinstreek Haantjes en Kippetjes (Hoentjes), op Goeree Puutenbloemen, in Friesland en de Achterhoek Vogeltje op de kruk. Corydalis = van het Griekse korydalis: kuifleeuwerik, naar de overeenkomst van de gehele eindelingse bloeiwijze met de kuif van dit dier. Solida = vast, naar de vaste knol.
Sylwia Zielińska 1, Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker 2, Ewelina Piątczak 3, Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka 1 4, Malwina Brożyna 5, Adam Junka 5, Mariusz Kucharski 2, Serhat Sezai Çiçek 6, Christian Zidorn 6, Adam Matkowski 1 4
Corydalis and Pseudofumaria are two closely related genera from the Papaveraceae subfamily Fumarioideae with Corydalis solida (C. solida) and Pseudofumaria lutea (P. lutea) as two representative species. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant differences in the quality and quantity of isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds and non-phenolic carboxylic acids between aerial and underground parts of both species. Using the Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) technique, 21 compounds were identified: five protoberberine derivatives, three protopine derivatives, four phenanthridine derivatives, as well as three carboxylic acids, two hydroxycinnamic acids, one chlorogenic acid, one phenolic aldehyde, and two flavonoids. Moroever, significant differences in the content of individual compounds were observed between the two studied species. The phytochemical profile of C. solida showed a higher variety of compounds that were present in lower amounts, whereas P. lutea extracts contained fewer compounds but in larger quantities. Protopine was one of the most abundant constituents in C. solida (440-1125 µg/g d.w.) and in P. lutea (1036-1934 µg/g d.w.). Moreover, considerable amounts of coptisine (1526 µg/g) and quercetin (3247 µg/g) were detected in the aerial parts of P. lutea. Extracts from aerial and underground parts of both species were also examined for the antimicrobial potential against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. P. lutea herb extract was the most effective (MIC at 0.39 mg/L) against all three pathogens.
C. solida herb contained several times more phenanthridine derivatives such as chelidonine, chelerythrine and sanguinarine than the other species. Sanguinarine was previously detected in the corms of C. solida by Temizer et al. in 1992 [21]. The authors also found three protoberberine derivatives such as berberine, ophiocarpine and scoulerine, and one alkaloid from another chemical group—protopine. Tubers of C. solida examined by Sturm et al. in 2007 [22] also contained two protoberberine derivatives (corydine, palmatine), and one aporphine derivative bulbocapnine. No protopine and phenanthridine type alkaloids were detected in their plant material [22]. In turn, from the extract of whole C. solida plants, a spirobenzylisoquinoline alkaloid named corysolidine was isolated in 1986 by Rahimizadeh et al. [23]. On the other hand, Kilic et al. in 2019 [24], similarly to our results, found large proportions of protopine in the corms of C. solida ssp. incisa. The plant material was collected in Turkey, and five protopine type alkaloids and eight protoberberine type were detected in the extracts. The authors used an advanced LC-QTOF-MS technique for the compounds identification, nevertheless it is difficult to compare their results with ours, because they examined the subspecies of C. solida.
21. Temizer H., Sener B., Temizer A., Kir S. Determination of alkaloids by differential pulse polarography. III Corydalis alkaloids. Electroanal. 1992;4:737–740. [Google Scholar]
22. Sturm S., Seger C., Godejohann M., Spraul M., Stuppner H. Conventional sample enrichment strategies combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–solid phase extraction–nuclear magnetic resonance analysis allows analyte identification from a single minuscule Corydalis solida plant tuber. J. Chromatogr. A. 2007;1163:138–144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
23. Rahimizadeh M., Miller R.R., Onur M.A., Gozler T., Shamma M. (+)-corysolidine, a spirobenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Corydalis solida. Phytochemistry. 1986;25:2245–2246. [Google Scholar]
24. Kilic K.M., Kaya E., Aysal A.I., Sener B. Evaluation of some biological activities of the tubers of Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. ssp. incisa Lieden growing in Turkey. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2019;127:195–200. [Google Scholar]
The continuing research for the determination of bioactive secondary metabolites from Turkish geophytes as therapeutic agents for dementia is mainly based on the need for drug candidates suitable for brain diseases. In this study, the in vitro anticholinesterase properties and cytotoxic activities of the tuber extract and alkaloidal fractions of Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. ssp. incisa Lidén were investigated. Furthermore, the content of the active alkaloidfractions of the tubers was determined by LC-Q-TOF-MS. The tubers of Corydalis solida (L.) …