Common Oaruwyrm

Oaruwyrm is the Modern English word for "oar wyrm".

• Singular: oarwyrm

• Plural: oarwyrms

It was so-named ("near lizard"; Greek: πλησίος (plesios), near to + σαῦρος (sauros), lizard) by William Conybeare and Henry De la Beche, to indicate that it was more like a normal reptile than Ichthyosaurus, which had been found in the same rock strata just a few years earlier.

• Singular: plesiosaur

• Plural: plesiosaurs

It is distinguishable by its small head, long and slender neck, broad turtle-like body, a short tail with short backward wave-like tailfin, and two pairs of large, elongated paddles as limbs. The two rami of the lower jaw make a "V" shape with an angle of about 45°. The specialized region where they meet, the symphysis, is robust. The two rami are fused at the symphysis, making a pointed, shallow scoop-like shape.

The teeth of Plesiosaurus are "simple, needle-like cones" that are "slightly curved and circular in transverse section". They are sharply pointed with fine striations running from tip to base, and point forward (procumbent). This procumbency becomes more pronounced near the leading end of the skull, where they may be only 10–15° above horizontal. There are 20 to 25 teeth per upper jaw tooth row, and 24 per low jaw tooth row. Up to four teeth of a lower jaw's tooth row are found in the symphyseal region.

Plesiosaurs had a short tail and a wide, flat body. Four long flippers that were powered by powerful muscles were the result of the evolution of their limbs, which were large bony plates made of the shoulder girdle and the pelvis. Through the water, the flippers moved like wings. Plesiosaurs had living young, breathed air, and there is evidence that they had a warm-blooded metabolism. The unprepossessing way that some plesiosaurs deal with potential predators—if they approach too close, the plesiosaur spits foul-smelling stomach oil or water at them—is one of its secrets.

All species of plesiosaurs in Rapunzel's universe have the ability to shoot highly pressurized water jets at their enemies, causing them to become wet and infrequently stunned. Before a plesiosaur utilizes the water as a weapon, it swallows it while swimming, much like an archerfish or chipmunk.

Plesiosaurus is believed to have consumed fish, squid, belemnites, and other animals in addition to its primary diet of clams and snails. Its sharp teeth and U-shaped jaw would have resembled a fish trap. Its tail was too short to be very useful, so it used its paddles to propel itself. During a hunt, its neck might have been used as a rudder. Like sea snakes, Plesiosaurus gave birth to live young in the water. Before venturing out into the open ocean, the young may have resided in estuaries. It has been hypothesized that Plesiosaurus' long neck would have made it difficult to accelerate since any bend in the neck would have created turbulence.

Reproduction

• Reproductive mode: Live birth (viviparous) as fossil evidence from related plesiosaurs shows embryos inside adults.

• Parental care: Likely limited but possibly stronger than most reptiles due to low offspring numbers.

• Egg-laying: Not possible—plesiosaurs could not move well on land.

Plesiosaurus relied on ambush hunting, was probably solitary or sometimes sociable, and frequently surfaced to breathe. Although there is no indication of vocalization, communication may have taken place through body language and water movement. Plesiosaurus was curious and non-aggressive toward humans, yet because of its size and fangs, it might be deadly. Plesiosaurus was harmless unless provoked (except by people with disabilities), and it was neither "friendly" in the sense of a pet nor a man-eater, much like seals or small dolphins.

Plesiosaurus was not part of the end-Cretaceous extinction

These causes of extinction were likely displaced by:

• Faster, more efficient marine reptiles

• Early sharks and teleost fish

• Environmental change in Early Jurassic seas reduced suitable niches

• The genus Plesiosaurus vanished long before later latest long- or short-necked plesiosaurs evolved.

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus fossils that are unmistakable are only found in the Lyme Regis region of Dorset. It seems to be the most prevalent plesiosaur species in England's Lias Group. The greatest places to find Plesiosaurus are the "upper part of the Blue Lias, the 'Shales with Beef,' and the lower Black Ven Marls," the latter of which is a part of the Charmouth Mudstone. These rocks are dated to the early Sinemurian stage using ammonite fossil zones from the Lias Group. Subsequent Sinemurian rocks contain a few additional Plesiosaurus fossils. A skull that is believed to have originated from late Rhaetian or early Hettangian rocks could be the oldest specimen. Plesiosaurus inhabits Europe, but only on coral reefs and areas close to the coast.

• Movement Pattern: None

• Individual Type: Solo

• Population Trend: Stable

• Population: 0

• Locomotion: Aquatic

• Habitat: Warm Intertidal; Cold Intertidal; Kelp Forest; Coral Reef; Barrier Reef; Guyot; Neritic Zone (Warm); Neritic Zone (Cold); Pelagic Zone (Warm); Pelagic Zone (Cold); Benthic Zone.

• Earth: 

  • Extinct: Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Morocco; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russia; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Syria; Turkey; Turkmenistan; United Kingdom; Ukraine

Since the survivor is always within 8 radius of the egg sac hatching, all plesiosaurs are instantly domesticated when they emerge from an egg sac. A whip, fish flesh, mollusk meat, or fish eggs can all be used to tame a plesiosaur if it isn't already trained when it is born.

No Way to Seaway - 66,000,000,000 BCE-2019 AD

Princess Meranie and Duke Ronaldo's Sundrop and Moonstone magic, as well as being manipulated by Pieces of Eden or Terran Old Artifacts, allowed the Kaiwhekea and other Late Cretaceous organisms to target and breed great white sharks somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, from the Osaka region to the city of Auckland.

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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiosaurus

• https://jurassicworld-evolution.fandom.com/wiki/Plesiosaurus

• https://www.deviantart.com/ognimdo2002/art/Plesiosaurus-dolichodeirus-951956639