Languages
Mga wika
Contents
Language (Tagalog: wika) is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means of communication of humans, and can be conveyed through speech, sign, or writing. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is not dependent on a single mode of transmission (sight, sound, etc.) and is highly variable between cultures and across time.
Language is thought to have gradually diverged from earlier primate communication systems when early hominins acquired the ability to form a theory of mind and shared intentionality. This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions. Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain, but especially in Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently by approximately three years old. Language and culture are codependent. Therefore, in addition to its strictly communicative uses, language has social uses such as signifying group identity, social stratification, as well as use for social grooming and entertainment.
Languages evolve and diversify over time, and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur. A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family; in contrast, a language that has been demonstrated to not have any living or non-living relationship with another language is called a language isolate. There are also many unclassified languages whose relationships have not been established, and spurious languages may have not existed at all. Academic consensus holds that between 50% and 90% of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100.
Though this civilization is long gone, many of their achievements still exist as ruins that dot the world, leaving ancient languages for these names via Hispanization or Anglicization like Sumerian, Korean and others that originated from rational and logical thoughts of meaning and false friends.
However, Sumerian scribes already studied the differences between Sumerian and Akkadian grammar and even names from Sumerian or Akkadian words of these animals are used native words instead of loanwords and creoles. Language endangerment occurs when a language is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers, and becomes a dead language. If eventually no one speaks the language at all, it becomes an extinct language. While languages have always gone extinct throughout human history, they have been disappearing at an accelerated rate in the 20th and 21st centuries due to the processes of globalization and neo-colonialism, where the economically powerful languages dominate other languages.
The world's languages can be grouped into language families consisting of languages that can be shown to have common ancestry. Linguists recognize many hundreds of language families, although some of them can possibly be grouped into larger units as more evidence becomes available and in-depth studies are carried out. At present, there are also dozens of language isolates: languages that cannot be shown to be related to any other languages in the world. Among them are Basque, spoken in Europe, Zuni of New Mexico, Purépecha of Mexico, Ainu of Japan, Burushaski of Pakistan, and many others. This family includes major world languages like English, Spanish, French, German, Russian, and Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu).
These plans contained the secrets necessary to make certain weapons and words that are still used today, such as the arsenals and skills, along with some secrets about the Elder Dragons, giving the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ASEAN, G7, Arab League, African Union, European Union to Agents of Shield a significant advantage over some of them, some of these documents even contain diagrams and notes detailing here-to-fore unidentified animal species from ancient times or from Avalon and Agartha, yet to be catalogued by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. These documents are few and far from Earth, Avalon, Delphia, Reinachos, Jotunheim, Agartha, Vanaheim, Hell and Heaven; however, most having been destroyed during the collapse of the ancient civilization and cultural assimilation by the guardians.
Extinct Languages
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants. In contrast, a dead language is one that is no longer the native language of any community, even if it is still in use, like Latin. A dormant language is a dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to a particular group. These languages are often undergoing a process of revitalization. there are no speakers left.
List of languages
Ancient Ailyr
Sumerian
Akkadian
Latin
Coptic
Ancient Greek
Luwian
Ottoman Turkish
Sanskrit
Pali
Punic
Matagalpa
Palawa Kani
Norn
Guanche - since 16th century
Silbo Gomero - since 23th century
Critically Endangered Languages
The youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently.
List of languages
Livonian - 210 pop.
Enets - 43 pop.
Ainu - 2 - 10 pop.
Ket - 20 pop.
Yugh - 1 pop.
Macanese Patois - 50-5,000 pop.
Severely Endangered Languages
The language is spoken by grandparents and older generations. While the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves.
List of languages
Inari Sámi - 400 pop.
Malaccan Creole - 300 pop.
Nganasan - 125 pop.
Forest Nenets - 1,500 pop.
Kristang - 1,000 pop.
Definitely Endangered Languages
Children no longer learn the language as a mother tongue in the home.
List of languages
Northern Sami - 25,000 pop.
Sabah Malay creole - 3 mil pop.
Chavacano - 700,000 pop.
Scottish Gaelic
Central Bikol
Rinconada Bikol
Bajau
Domari
Vulnerable Languages
Most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains.
List of languages
Esperanto - 30,000–180,000 pop.
Batavian Malay - 5 mil pop.
Ukrainian - 45 mil pop.
Rusyn - 76,000 pop.
Belarusian - 5.1 mil pop.
Lithuanian - 3.0 mil pop.
Latgalian - 150,000–200,000 pop.
Samogitian - 500,000 pop.
Moldovan - 4 mil pop.
Torlakian - 1.5 mil pop.
Macedonian - 1.4–3.5 mil pop.
Judeo-Spanish - 60,000 pop.
Icelandic
Irish
Bruneian English
Navajo
Arrernte
Manipur
Dhivehi
Armenian
Romani
Scots
Greenlandic
Pitkern - 400 pop.
Eastern Elvish
Safe Languages
The most common of all language status is spoken by all generations and intergenerational transmission is uninterrupted.
List of languages
Western Elvish
Standard Orkish
Ailyr
English - 750 million pop.
German
Dutch
Luxembourgish
Danish
Norwegian
Swedish
Greek
Albanian
Spanish - 592 mil pop.
French - 321 mil pop.
Portuguese - 250 mil pop.
Catalan - 9.2 mil pop.
Galician
Welsh - 1.01 mil pop.
Italian - 85 mil pop.
Romanian
Corsican
Sardinian
Basque
Hungarian
Tagalog
Cebuano
Ilocano
Indonesian
Malay
Javanese
Balinese
Tetum - 570,000 pop.
Maori - 186,000 pop. (RL) / 1.450 M pop. (ER)
Arabic -
Hebrew
Nahuatl -
Guarani -
Aymara -
Quechua -
Miskito -
Turkish -
Korean
Japanese - 128 mil pop.
Mongolian
Azerbaijani
Tajik
Persian
Hindustani
Russian
Bulgarian
Latvian
Mandarin -
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the daughter languages within a language family as being genetically related.
There are six largest natural family groups of languages in the world: Borean, Amerind, Indo-Pacific, Khoisan, Nilo-Saharan and Niger–Congo languages found in six of seven continents of the Earth. Borean languages is the largest member of the macrofamily consisting of Indo-European, Uralic, Afro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Dravidian, Hmong–Mien, Eskimo–Aleut, Altaic, Paleosiberian, Dene-Caucasian and various Caucasian languages found in Eurasia, North Africa, Oceania and North America; these are most common type of languages.
Borean Languages
Borean (also Boreal or Boralean) is a hypothetical linguistic macrofamily that encompasses almost all language families worldwide except those native to sub-Saharan Africa, New Guinea, Australia, and the Andaman Islands. Its supporters propose that the various languages spoken in Eurasia and adjacent regions have a genealogical relationship, and ultimately descend from languages spoken during the Upper Paleolithic in the millennia following the Last Glacial Maximum. These are most common language families found in Eurasia, Oceania, Africa, to North America. It was considered by the Enn as one language and served as the lingua franca in the world prior to being passed down to us, humans, and other sapient races. The Borean language is written in its own cuneiform-like script, a system of writing employed by the deities before us.
At least one document written in the Borean script, the Voynich manuscript, survived up to at least the 19th century. To this end, the script could be found written into the walls and floors of various locations across the world and all realms and was often interspersed with other symbols. The first race to establish the Borean language and script were the Fomorians, who lived in Siberia during the Late Permian, when the walls were inscribed. The Saurfolks, also known as Reptilians, lived in Azerbaijan during the Late Jurassic, when the walls were written. Finally, the gods in front of us were written all over the world, or on alien worlds such as New Agartha, Sawintir, Thatrollwa, Hirawhassa, and Ityosel.
The language known by Abstergo Industries as Permian language, Precursor language, Primordial language, Isu language, Old Fomorian language, Old Saurfolk language, Cretaceous language, Jurassic language, Deity language, or Paleogene language, which is more ancient than our tongue, dates back to prehistoric times.
Example
Borean: Huih nmum fyrru.
English: We need water.
Tagalog: Kailangan natin ng tubig.
Language Isolate
Elamite (EX)
Etruscan (EX)
Raetic (EX)
Lemnian (EX)
Lunarian (EX)
Old Lunarian (EX)
Middle Lunarian (EX)
Galanian Lunarian (EX)
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Kamchatkan
Chukchi
Koryak
Alyutor
Kerek
Eskimo–Aleut
Aleut
Alutiiq
Central Alaskan Yupʼik
Naukan
Central Siberian Yupik
Alutiiq
Yuit
Sirenik
Inupiaq
Iñupiaq
Inuvialuktun
Inuktitut
Greenlandic (VU)
Old Greenlandic (EX)
Early Modern Greenlandic (EX)
Modern Greenlandic (VU)
Dene-Caucasian
Sumerian (EX)
Basque
Aquitanian (EX)
Old Basque (EX)
Standard / Modern Basque
Biscayan
Gipuzkoan
Upper Navarrese
Navarro-Lapurdian
Eastern Navarrese
Souletin (Zuberoan)
Burushaski
Old Burushaski (EX)
Modern Burushaki
Andic
Akhvakh
Bagvalal–Tindi
Botlix–Godoberi
Chamalal
Karata
Literary Andi
Avar
Chirag
Dargwa
Itsari
Kaitag
Kubachi
Bezhta–Hunzib–Khwarshi
Hinukh–Tsez
Archi
Aghul
Lezgian
Tabasaran
Udi
Caucasian Albanian (EX)
Modern Udi
Budukh
Kryts
Nakh Bats
Vainakh
Khinalug
Lak
Abaza
Abkhaz
Adyghe
Kabardian
Ubykh (EX)
Ket (CR)
Ancient Ket (EX)
Early Modern Ket (EX)
Modern Ket (CR)
Yugh (EX)
Kott (EX)
Assan (EX)
Pumpokol (EX)
Arin (EX)
Jie (EX)
Xiongnu (EX)
Hunnic (EX)
Tlingit
Eyak
Ahtna
Denaʼina
Deg Hitʼan
Gwichʼin
Hän
Holikachuk (EX)
Koyukon
Lower Tanana
Northern Tutchone
Southern Tutchone
Tanacross
Upper Kuskokwim
Upper Tanana
Dene Suline
Dogrib
Dunneza
Kaska
Sekani
Slavey
Tagish
Tahltan
Babine–Witsuwitʼen
Chilcotin
Dakelh
Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie (EX)
Nicola (EX)
Tsetsaut (EX)
Tsuutʼina
Kato (EX)
Hupa
Mattole (EX)
Wailaki (EX)
Tolowa
Lower Rogue River (EX)
Upper Rogue River (EX)
Upper Umpqua (EX)
Chiricahua
Mescalero
Navajo (VU)/(NE)
Old Navajo (EX)
Early Modern Navajo (EX)
Modern Navajo (VU)
Reinachan Navajo (NE)
Delphian Navajo (VU)
Sawintiran Navajo (VU)
Western Apache
Jicarilla
Lipan (EX)
Plains Apache (EX)
Afro-Asiatic
Awjila
Fezzan
Foqaha
Sokna
Tmessa
Ghadamès
Jaghbub (EX)
Kufra
Nafusi
Jadu
Nalut
Wazzin
Yefren
Siwa
Eastern Middle Atlas (transitional to Atlas)
Seghrouchen
Warayn
Northern Saharan
Gurara
Mozabite
South Oranie and Figuig
Tidikelt
Tuwat
Wad Righ
Wargla
Riffian
Central Riffian
Eastern Moroccan
Iznasen
Snouss
Western Riffian
Shawiya
Tunisian-Zuwara (transitional to Eastern)
Jerba
Matmata
Sened
Tataouine
Zuwara
Western Algerian
Gouraya
Shelif
Shenwa
Central Atlas
Gharb (EX)
Ghomara
Judeo-Berber
Sanhaja de Srayr
Shilha
Kabyle
Moroccan Amazigh
Felyne Amazigh
Algerian Berber
Tamahaq
Tamashek
Tawellemmet
Tayart
Tetserret
Zenaga
Guanche
Numidian
Boga
Hwana
Ga'anda
Gabin
Ngwaba
Jara
Pidlimdi
Tera
Bura-Pabir
Cibak
Huba
Marghi Central
Marghi South
Nggwahyi
Putai
Bana
Hya
Kamwə
Kirya-Konzəl
Kofa
Glavda
Wandala
Dghweɗe
Guduf-Gava
Cineni
Gəvoko
Hdi
Lamang
Mabas
Vemgo
Woga
Parəkwa
Sukur
Gaduwa
Mbuko
Vame
Maɗa
Məlokwo
Muyang
Wuzlam
Ɗugwor
Gemzek
Merey
Mikere
Zəlgwa-Minew
Baldemu
Mofu-Gudur
North Giziga
North Mofu
South Giziga
Cuvok
Mafa
Mefele
Shügule
Matal
Buwal
Gavar
Daba
Mazagway
Mbədam
Mina
Bacama
Bata
Fali of Mubi
Gude
Gudu
Holma (EX)
Jimi
Nzanyi
Sharwa
Tsuvan
Zizilivakan
Lagwan
Msər
Afaɗə
Malgbe
Maslam
Mpadə
Jilbe
Beege
Mbara
Mpus
Musgu
Muskum (EX)
Vulum
Jina
Majəra
Gidar
Buduma
Beja
Awngi
Bilen
Qimant
Kayla Qimant (EX)
Qwara Qimant
Xamtanga
Alaba
Burji
Gedeo
Hadiyya
Kambaata
Libido
Sidamo
Afar
Saho
Borana
Eastern Oromo
Orma
Oromo
Waata
Bussa
Dirasha
Gato
Konso
Mashile
Turo/Konso
Arbore
Daasanach
El Molo (EX)
Baiso
Boni
Rendille
Somali
Mai-Mai
Boon
Dahalo
Girirra
Yaaku
Ale
Dihina
Dobase
Gaba
Gergere
Gollango
Gorrose
Harso
Tsamai
Aasáx (EX)
Alagwa
Burunge
Gorowa
Iraqw
Kwʼadza (EX)
Mawer
Mire
Motun
Ndam
Somrai
Tumak
Boor
Gadang
Miltu
Sarua
Kimré
Lele
Nancere
Gabri
Kabalai
Tobanga
Kera
Kwang
Buso
Bidiyo
Birgit
Dangaléat
Jonkor Bourmataguil
Mabire
Migaama
Mogum
Toram
Kajakse
Masmaje
Mubi
Zirenkel
Mawa
Saba
Sokoro
Tamki
Ubi
Barein
Jelkung
Mokilko
Kujargé (?)
Azumeina
Massa
Musey
Zumaya (EX)
Mesmé
Ngeté-Herdé
Pévé
Aari
Dime
Gayil
Hamer-Banna
Karo
Bambassi
Ganza
Hozo
Seze
Dizi
Nayi
Sheko
Anfillo
Boro
Kafa
Shekkacho
Dorze
Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
Melo
Oyda
Wolaytta
Kachama-Ganjule
Koorete
Zayse-Zergulla
Basketo
Maale
Bench
Chara
Yemsa
Akkadian (EX)
Eblaite (EX)
Hebrew (NE)
Biblical Hebrew (EX)
Medieval Hebrew (EX)
Mishnaic Hebrew (EX)
Samaritan Hebrew (EX)
Palestinian Hebrew (EX)
Italian Hebrew (EX)
Babylonian Hebrew (EX)
Ashkenazi Hebrew (EX)
Mizrahi (Syrian) (EX)
Modern Hebrew (NE)
Ammonite (EX)
Edomite (EX)
Moabite (EX)
Phoenician (EX)
Punic (EX)
Samalian
Aramaic (DE)
Old Aramaic (EX)
Imperial Aramaic (EX)
Biblical Aramaic (EX)
Middle Aramaic (EX)
Nabataean (EX)
Palestinian (DE)
Christian Palestinian (EX)
Jewish Palestinian (EX)
Samaritan (EX)
Palmyrene (EX)
Western Neo-Aramaic (DE)
Mlaḥsô (EX)
Turoyo
Amorite (EX)
Ugaritic (EX)
Ancient North Arabian (EX)
Dadanitic (EX)
Dumaitic (EX)
Hasaitic (EX)
Hismaic (EX)
Safaitic (EX)
Taymanitic (EX)
Thamudic (EX)
Himyaritic (EX)
Sutean (EX)
Arabic (NE)
Proto-Arabic (EX)
Nabataean Arabic (EX)
Old Arabic (EX)
Pre-classical Arabic (EX)
Classical Arabic (EX)
Standard Arabic (NE)
Egyptian Arabic (NE)
Levantine Arabic (NE)
Maghrebi Arabic (NE)
Siculo-Arabic (EX)
Maltese Arabic (NE)
Cottonera (NE)
Gozitan (NE)
Qormi (NE)
Żejtuni (NE)
Australian Arabic (NE)
Central (NE)
Western (NE)
Eastern (NE)
Zurrieq (NE)
Port Maltese (NE)
Corfiot † (EX)
Xlukkajr (NE)
Qawsra † (EX)
Mesopotamian Arabic (NE)
Peninsular Arabic (NE)
Geʽez
Dahalik
Tigre
Tigrinya
Amharic
Argobba
Harari
East Gurage
Gafat (EX)
Soddo
Mesmes
Muher
West Gurage
Baṭḥari
Ḥarsusi
Hobyot
Mehri
Shehri
Soqotri
Faifi
Hadramautic (EX)
Minaean (EX)
Qatabanian (EX)
Awsanian (EX)
Razihi
Sabaean (EX)
Gwandara
Hausa
Ɓeele
Bole
Bure
Daza
Deno
Galambu
Gera
Geruma
Giiwo
Karekare
Chadic Kubi (EX)
Ngamo
Maaka
Chadic Pali
Dera
Kholok
Kushi
Kutto
Kwaami
Nyam
Chadic Pero
Piya-Kwonci
Kulung
Tangale
Cakfem-Mushere
Goemai
Chakato (Jorto)
Koenoem
Kofyar
Jibyal
Miship
Nteng
Montol
Mwaghavul
Ngas
Belneng
Pyapun
Tal
Yiwom
Miler
Bokkos
Daffo-Butura
Duhwa
Fyer
Kulere
Mundat
Chadic Sha
Shagawu
Tambas
Auyokawa (EX)
Bade
Duwai
Ngizim
Shirawa (EX)
Teshenawa (EX)
Ajawa (EX)
Ciwogai
Diri
Kariya
Mburku
Chadic Miya
Pa'a
Chadic Siri
Warji
Zumbun
Dass
Geji
Polci
Saya
Zari
Zeem
Guruntum-Mbaaru
Chadic Ju
Chadic Tala
Zangwal
Boghom
Jimi
Jum
Kir-Balar
Mangas
Chadic Tikoloshe
Chadic Poki
Uralic
s
Altaic
Khalaj
Ili Turki
Tor Tajik
Uyghur (NE)
Old Uyghur (EX)
Uzbek (NE)
Southern Uzbek (NE)
Karakhanid (EX)
Khorezmian (EX)
Chagatai (EX)
Crimean Tatar (NE)
Karachay-Balkar
Karaim
Krymchak
Kumyk
Urum
Armeno-Kipchak (EX)
Mamluk-Kipchak (EX)
Cuman (EX)
Karakalpak
Kazakh (NE)
Kyrgyz (NE)
Nogai
Southern Altai
Fergana Kipchak (EX)
Bashkir (NE)
True Tatar
Old Tatar (EX)
Siberian Tatar
Afshar
Azerbaijani (NE)
Ajem-Turkic (EX)
North Azerbaijani (NE)
South Azerbaijani (NE)
Chaharmahali Turkic
Gagauz
Khorasani Turkic
Qashqai
Rumelian Turkish
Salar
Turkish (NE)
Old Anatolian Turkish (EX)
Ottoman Turkish (EX)
Modern Turkish (NE)
Turkmen
Pecheneg (EX)
Chuvash
Khazar (EX)
Bulgar (EX)
Even
Evenki
Kili
Negidal
Oroqen
Oroch
Udege
Manchu (CR)
Jurchen (EX)
Xibe
Buryat
Khamnigan
Mongolian (NE)
Proto-Mongolic (EX)
Old Mongol (EX)
Middle Mongol (EX)
Classical Mongolian (EX)
Modern Mongolian (NE)
Baarin
Chakhar
Khalkha
Khorchin
Oirat (DE)
Ordos (SE)
Eastern Yugur (SE)
Bonan (DE)
Kangjia (SE)
Monguor (VU)
Santa / Dongxiang (VU)
Tangwang (DE)
Wutun (SE)
Khitan (EX)
Tuyuhun (EX)
Tuoba (EX)
Bala (EX)
Buyeo (EX)
Goguryeo (EX)
Baekje (EX)
Gaya (EX)
Silla (EX)
Ye-Maek (EX)
Korean (NE)
Proto-Koreanic (EX)
Old Korean (EX)
Middle Korean (EX)
Modern Korean (NE)
North Korean (NE)
Hamgyŏng Korean (NE)
Pyŏngan Korean (NE)
Yukjin (SE)
South Korean (NE)
Central Korean (NE)
Gyeongsang Korean (NE)
Jeolla Korean (NE)
Jeju (CR)
Japanese (NE)
Proto-Japonic (EX)
Peninsular Japonic (EX)
Old Japanese (EX)
Early Middle Japanese (EX)
Classical Japanese (EX)
Late Middle Japanese (EX)
Early Modern Japanese (EX)
Modern Japanese (NE)
Tōhoku
Kanto
Tōkai–Tōsan (SE)
Hawaiian Japanese (VU)
Palauan Japanese (VU)
Aotearoa Japanese (NE)
Kyushu Japanese
Hokkaido Japanese
Creoles
Yilan Creole Japanese
Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
Maui Pidgin
Pseudo-Chinese
Kyowa-go
Kyowa-go no Aotearoa
Hachijō
Amami
Southern Amami
Kikai
Tokunoshima
Okinoerabu
Yoron
Kunigami
Okinawan
Miyakoan
Tarama
Yaeyama
Yonaguni
Orkish (IE)
Orkish (NE)
Ogrenese (NE)
Anatolian (IE)
Hittite (EX)
Luwian (EX)
Carian (EX)
Lelegian (EX)
Lycian (EX)
Milyan (EX)
Pisidian (EX)
Sidetic (EX)
Lydian / Maeonian (EX)
Palaic (EX)
Tocharian (IE)
Agnean (EX)
Kuchean (EX)
Kroränian (EX)
Greco-Armenian (IE)
Albanian (NE)
Proto-Albanian (EX)
Old Albanian (EX)
Middle Albanian (EX)
Early Modern Albanian (EX)
Modern Albanian (NE)
Gheg (NE)
Tosk (NE)
Arbëresh (NE)
Arvanitika
Upper Reka
Arbanasi
Istrian (EX)
Old Elvish (EX)
Middle Elvish (EX)
Church Elvish (EX)
Western Elvish (NE)
Light Elvish (NE)
Zowhrinese Elvish (NE)
Hybornian Elvish
Hordanian Elvish
Horatian Elvish
Gray Elvish
Eastern Elvish (NE)
Moon Elvish
Christmas Elvish
Ancient Macedonian (EX)
Phrygian (EX)
Romano-Greek
Arcadocypriot Greek (EX)
Pamphylian Greek (EX)
Mycenaean Greek (EX)
True Greek (NE)
Ancient Greek (EX)
Homeric Greek (EX)
Lesbian Dialect (EX)
Tsakonian (CR)
Crimean Greek (NE)
Yevanic (DE)
Modern Greek (NE)
Cypriot Greek (DE)
Pontic Greek (DE)
Felyne Greek (VU)
Armenian (NE)
Classical Armenian (EX)
Middle Armenian (EX)
Modern Armenian (NE)
Western Armenian (NE)
Eastern Armenian (NE)
Italo-Celtic (IE)
Umbrian (EX)
Sabine (EX)
Hernican (EX)
Marsian (EX)
South Picene (EX)
Volscian (EX)
Oscan (EX)
Marrucinian (EX)
Paelignian (EX)
Sidicinian (EX)
Pre-Samnite (EX)
Aequian (EX)
Vestinian (EX)
Faliscan (EX)
Latin (EX)
Old Latin (EX)
Classical Latin (EX)
Late Latin (EX)
Medieval Latin (EX)
Renaissance Latin (EX)
New Latin (EX)
Contemporary Latin / Ecclesiastical Latin (EX)
Mediterranean Lingua Franca (EX)
Friulian (NE)
Ladin
Romansh
Romanian (NE)
Proto-Romanian (EX)
Old Romanian (EX)
Middle Romanian (EX)
Modern Romanian (NE)
Banat (NE)
Bukovinian (NE)
Crișana (NE)
Maramureș (NE)
Moldavian (SE)
Transylvanian (NE)
Wallachian (NE)
Aromanian
Megleno-Romanian
Istro-Romanian
Sardinian (NE)
Italian (NE)
Old Italian (EX)
Middle Italian (EX)
Early Modern Italian (EX)
Modern Italian (NE)
Venetian (NE)
Tuscan
Florentine
Corsican (NE
Gallurese
Sassarese
Calabrese
Salentino
Ligurian (NE)
Brigasc
Genoese
Intemelio
Monégasque (SE)
Berbanian Monégasque (SE)
Reinachan Monégasque (NE)
Delphian Monégasque (NE)
Lombard
Emilian-Romagnol
Romagnol
Piedmontese
Judaeo-Piedmontese
Gallo-Italic of Sicily
Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
Sicilian (NE)
Neapolitan (NE)
Vastese
Dalmatian (EX)
Old Dalmatian (EX)
Early Modern Dalmatian (EX)
Revived Dalmatian (EX)
Istriot
Judaeo-Italian
Ascunsian
Old Ascunsian (EX)
Middle Ascunsian (EX)
Modern Ascunsian (NE)
Angevin
Berrichon
Bourbonnais
Burgundian
Champenois
Frainc-Comtou
Gallo
French (NE)
Old French (EX)
Middle French (EX)
Early Modern French (EX)
Modern French (NE)
Berbanian French (NE)
Reinachan French (NE)
Delphian French (NE)
Jersey
Francitan
Pennsylvania
Louisianien Houma
Canadian
Acadian French
Chiac
St. Marys Bay French
Creoles
Haitian Creole
Antillean Creole
French Guianese Creole
Karipúna French Creole
Mauritian Creole
Agalega Creole
Chagossian Creole
Réunion Creole
Rodriguan Creole
Seychellois Creole
Tayo
Michif (CR)
Camfranglais
Lorrain
Welche
Norman
Anglo-Norman (EX)
Berbanian Norman
Reinachan Norman
Delphian Norman
Augeron
Auregnais
Cauchois
Cotentinais
Guernésiais
Jèrriais
Sercquiais
Orléanais
Picard (SE)
Poitevin-Saintongeais
Walloon
Wisconsin Walloon
Franco-Provençal/Arpitan
Savoyard
Valdôtain dialect
Faetar
Occitan (NE)
Languedocien
Limousin
Provençal
Vivaro-Alpine Mentonasc
Catalan (NE)
Old Catalan (EX)
Early Modern Catalan (EX)
Modern Catalan (NE)
Berbanian Catalan (NE)
Buenocoralese (NE)
Reinachan Catalan (NE)
Spanish (NE)
Old Spanish (EX)
Mozarabic (EX)
Middle Spanish (EX)
Early Modern Spanish (EX)
Modern Spanish (NE)
Andalusian (NE)
Canarian (NE)
Castilian (NE)
Castrapo (NE)
Castúo (NE)
Murcian (NE)
Llanito (NE)
Canarian (NE)
Equatoguinean (NE)
Philippine (DE)
Saharan (NE)
Cuban (NE)
Dominican (NE)
Panamanian (NE)
Puerto Rican (NE)
Trinidadian (NE)
Belizean (NE)
Costa Rican (NE)
Guatemalan (NE)
Honduran (NE)
Nicaraguan (NE)
Pachuco (NE)
Salvadoran (NE)
American (NE)
Caló (Chicano) (NE)
Isleño (NE)
Sabine River (NE)
New Mexican (NE)
Puerto Rican (NE)
Mexican (NE)
Amazonic (NE)
Andean (NE)
Bolivian (NE)
Chilean (NE)
Chilote Chiloé Archipelago (NE)
Colombian (NE)
Cordobés (NE)
Cuyano (NE)
Ecuadorian (NE)
Equatorial (NE)
Llanero (NE)
Maracucho (NE)
Paisa (NE)
Paraguayan (NE)
Pastuso (NE)
Peruvian (NE)
Ribereño (NE)
Rioplatense (NE)
Uruguayan (NE)
Venezuelan (NE)
Creoles
Chavacano
Palenquero
Bozal Spanish
Annobonese Creole
Papiamento
Pichinglis
Frespañol/Fragnol
Spanglish
Habla Congo
Roquetas Pidgin Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish
Asturian
Cantabrian
Extremaduran
Mirandese
Leonese
Portuguese
Fala
Galician
Eonavian
Judaeo-Portuguese
Minderico
Portugis
Noric
Galatian
Lepontic
Gaulish
Celtiberian
Gallaecian
Brittonic
Cornish
Breton
Welsh (VU)
Old Welsh (EX)
Middle Welsh (EX)
Modern Welsh (VU)
Gwent and Morgannwg (VU)
Dyfed (VU)
Gwynedd (VU)
Powys (VU)
Patagonian Welsh (DE)
Berbanian Welsh (NE)
Reinachan Welsh (NE)
Delphian Welsh (DE)
Sawintiran Welsh (NE)
Cumbric (EX)
Ivernic (EX)
Pictish (EX)
Insular
Irish (DE)
Old Irish (EX)
Middle Irish (EX)
Berbanian Irish (NE)
Sawintiran Irish (DE)
Modern Irish (DE)
Standard Irish (DE)
Urban Irish (DE)
Reinachan Irish
Delphian Irish (DE)
Newfoundland Irish (EX)
Ulster Irish (DE)
Scottish Gaelic (DE)
Old Gaelic (EX)
Canadian Gaelic (CR)
Berbanian Gaelic (VU)
Reinachan Gaelic (NE)
Tiqojarhan Gaelic (DE)
Dinojerullese Gaelic (CR)
Delphian Gaelic (DE)
Manx (CR)
Northern Manx (CR)
Douglas Manx (CR)
Southern Manx (CR)
Amerind Languages
Coming soon
Indo-Pacific Languages
Coming soon
Khoisan Languages
Coming soon
Nilo-Saharan Languages
Coming soon
Niger-Congo Languages
Coming soon
Berbanian/Hirawhassan Languages
Dairkic Languages
Coming soon
Dairk / Dairkian (NE)
Old Dairkian (EX)
Middle Dairkian (EX)
Modern Dairkian
Serfothaqian Dairkian (NE)
Domingian Dairkian (DE)
Kayserian Dairkian (NE)
Baskoa (DE)
Qezhonian (NE)
Metropolitan Qezhonian (NE)
Linear Qezhonian (SE)
Inorthian (NE)
Old Inorthian (EX)
Middle Inorthian (EX)
Ogre Inorthian (VU)
Standard Inorthian
British Inorthian (VU)
Ilocano Inorthian (VU)
Slav Inorthian (VU)
Old Ghesarian (EX)
Middle Ghesarian (EX)
Modern Ghesarian (NE)
Himelo (NE)
Demon Ghesarian (VU)
Irino (SE)
Viller (SE)
Zowhringese (NE)
Eastern Zowhringese (NE)
Western Zowhringese (NE)
Metropolitan Zowhringese (NE)
Coastal Zowhringese (SE)
Kaplavoraban Zowhringese (VU)
Tseriangistian (NE)
Santa Marieno (SE)
Malindotag (SE)
Dumagatao (NE)
Corachic Languages
Coming soon
Corachan (NE)
Old Corachan (EX)
Middle Corachan (EX)
Modern Corachan (EX)
Futuristic Corachan (NE)
Thirenhan Corachan (NE)
Inorthia Corachan (NE)
Paaskekhadian (VU)
Pascuan Corachan (CR)
Narvanishan (NE)
Kol'an Narvanishan (EX)
Boltanga (CR)
Gjenga (VU)
Llornga (CR)
Standard Narvanishan (NE)
Book Narvanishan (EX)
Dinojerullese (DE)
Church Dinojerullese (EX)
Old Dinojerullese (EX)
Middle Dinojerullese (EX)
Standard Dinojerullese (DE)
Baltimorean Dinojerullese (NE)
Bayou Dinojerullese (SE)
Southern Dinojerullese (SE)
Mannaschanio (NE)
Lyoranian (NE)
Cornish-hybrid / Kernewek Dinoyeryul (DE)
Iloko-hybrid / Iloko Dinnoyerul (DE)
Russian-hybrid / Russka Dinoyeral (CR)
Serbian-hybrid (CR)
Urban Dinojerullese (DE)
Bait-tongue (EX)
Ivishathor (DE)
Old Ivishathor (EX)
Middle Ivishathor (EX)
Modern Ivishathor (DE)
Nleonexa (DE)
Griekka (DE)
Diaguana (DE)
Yuskarri (DE)
Aynnu (DE)
Vithorsan (VU)
Huwepho (NE)
Haiva (VU)
Luzhoran (DE)
Old Luzhoran
Middle Luzhoran
Ostrelin (DE)
Forest Luzhoran (DE)
Cultural Luzhoran (DE)
Dermochloric Languages
Coming soon
Dermochlorian (VU)
Old Dermochlorian (EX)
Middle Dermochlorian (EX)
Imperialist Dermochlorian (EX)
Modern Dermochlorian (VU)
Asuncionese (DE)
Old Asuncionese (EX)
Middle Asuncionese (EX)
Modern Asuncionese (EX)
Santo Thomas Asuncionese (VU)
Multicultural Asuncionese (VU)
Estuary Asuncionese (DE)
New Cajun Asuncionese (DE)
Esmeraldian (VU)
Old Esmeraldian (EX)
Church Esmeraldian (EX)
Middle Esmeraldian (EX)
Modern Esmeraldian (VU)
New Philadelphian (VU)
Khovian (DE)
Froyadghan (VU)
Old Froyadghan (EX)
Middle Froyadghan (EX)
Central Froyadghan (VU)
Eastern Froyadghan (VU)
Western Froyadghan (VU)
Highland Froyadghan (DE)
Meridinian (VU)
Hijola / Sacred Meridinian (EX)
Standard Meridinian (VU)
Dyoquian (VU)
Old Dyoquian (EX)
Middle Dyoquian (EX)
Early Modern Dyoquian (EX)
Urban Dyoquian (VU)
Book Dyoquian / Djokilloh (CR)
Batdhang (DE)
Tiqojarhic Languages
Coming soon
Thirenhan (VU)
Old Thirenhan (EX)
Middle Thirenhan (EX)
Modern Thirenhan (NE)
Urban Thirenhan (NE)
Western Thirenhan (VU)
Eastern Thirenhan (NE)
New Cairo Thirenhan (VU)
New Luxor Thirenhan (NE)
Vincentian Thirenhan (VU)
Xoehsyey (NE)
Tiqojarhan Dairkian (VU)
Katherinian (NE)
Santa Marian (NE)
Reinachan/Ityoselese Languages
Hybornic Languages
Coming soon
Coilathan (VU)
Distorter (NE)
Chanarthan (DE)
Fortynidian (DE)
Hindam (SE)
Unimoderese (NE)
Dengzharian (NE)
Fharewalovian (VU)
Gherasenan (SE)
Makkono-Hordanic Languages
Coming soon
Huancorian (DE)
Hieppathian (VU)
Uhoykorian (VU)
Makkonian (VU)
Rottooth (NE)
Old Rottooth (EX)
Middle Rottooth (EX)
Modern Rottooth (NE)
Shilliterian (DE)
Alfonsian (NE)
Sanhodosian (DE)
Sanhosatosan (DE)
Pascuanic Languages
Coming soon
Kimiato (NE)
Old Kimiato (EX)
Middle Kimiato (EX)
Modern Kimiato (NE)
Shano Lans (DE)
Dhans Yus (NE)
Rhelpasian (EX)
Volimsian (CR)
Durakonovic Languages
Coming soon
Nueva Joaquinian (DE)
Draconovian (DE)
Old Draconovian (EX)
Middle Draconovian (EX)
Contemporary Draconovian (DE)
Delphic Languages
Coming soon
Delphian (DE)
Old Delphian (EX)
Middle Delphian (EX)
Contemporary Delphian (EX)
Romanian Delphian (DE)
Futuristic Delphian (NE)
Mokrav (DE)
Vepi (DE)
Bittos (CR)
Etrlwha (SE)
Eahn (CR)
Joolma (SE)
Cortesian (CR)
Delphian Aurebesh (CR)
Delphian Creole (SE)
Degree of Language Endangerment
UNESCO rates the degree of endangerment for each language listed in the Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Nine criteria are used for evaluation, with language transfer between generations being the most noticeable.
NE - Not Endangered / Safe
VU - Vulnerable
DE - Definitely Endangered
SE - Severely Endangered
CR - Critically Endangered
EX - Extinct