Bezoar Ibex

The Modern English word goat comes from Old English gāt "she-goat, goat in general", which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic *gaitaz (cf. Norwegian/Icelandic geit, German Geiß, and Gothic gaits), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰaidos meaning "young goat" (cf. Latin haedus "kid").

• Singular: goat

• Plural: goats

From Latin ībex (“chamois”, "goat", "ibex"), influenced by an Indo-European language, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ebʰ- (“climbing”); akin to Old Spanish bezerro (“bull”) (modern becerro (“yearling”)).

• Singular: ibex

• Plural: ibex (single species), ibexes (more than species)

The world's longest horns in terms of body weight belong to the bezoar ibex or wild goat, and they can grow to a height of almost 1.4 meters (4 feet 7 inches). Horns from the south and east desert areas are typically 30 percent smaller. Females have slightly shorter horns that can develop up to 0.2 m (7.9 in) in length. Both sexes change to a gray-colored coat in the winter, with males having a dark brown summer coat while females have a more reddish-golden one. Additionally, both sexes have a tuft of hair that grows from their chin. A black stripe that starts at the spine and crosses the ibexes' shoulder, limbs, and neck. During mating season, this stripe becomes darker.

The wild goat's climbing ability is exceptional; it can ascend nearly vertical cliffs with hooves that have sticky pads and sharp edges for traction. Wild goats are not natural swimmers, but they can swim short distances. Goats generally avoid water unless they are escaping predators or crossing barriers.

Wild goat horns were used as tools and weapons. During the rut, male-to-male combat was fought with horns, and clashing and grappling determined mating privileges. These horns were used as tools for stripping bark, digging for roots, breaking thin ice, and clearing plants while foraging. Goats utilize it for both self-defense and interspecies play.

The same material that makes up human fingernails, keratin, covers the whole bone core of a horn. They begin to grow shortly after the animal is born and continue to do so throughout the animal's existence. They do not regenerate if they are damaged or removed.

Wild goat is a principal prey for leopard in Iran but also an important prey for Iranian cheetah or African cheetah in central Iran, while wolf rarely hunts wild goat in Iran. In the Greater Caucasus, the impact of predators upon wild goats is generally considered non-significant, though Eurasian lynx, wolves, and even brown bears can catch at least juveniles, and golden eagles scan cliffs intermittently in summer and try to hunt kids. Mortality caused by snow avalanches has not been recorded, even in the Greater Caucasus. The rutting season lasts until the third week of January. Females give birth to between one and three kids from late June to mid-July. The major threats to this species are poaching, competition for food with domestic livestock, and disturbance and habitat loss from logging and land clearing. The wild goat plays three roles in the ecosystem: it maintains shrub balance, aids seed dispersal, and provides prey for large animals and people.

Reproduction

• Breeding season: Autumn to early winter

• Gestation: ~150 days

• Births: 1–2 kids (rarely 3) in spring

• Maturity:

  • Females: ~1.5 years

  • Males: ~2–3 years

• Longevity: 9–15 years in the wild

Wild goats and other goats are passive to humans and other creatures, except for males. Males are territorial to other males for their mate. Can be subdue male for their horns and beards. Similar to goats, West Asian Ibexes are more aggressive and curious than sheep and are more likely to assert their control over a social group than sheep.

Threats

• Habitat loss.

• Overhunting (especially bezoar and Sindh goats).

• Hybridization with feral goats.

• Competition with livestock.

• Disease transmission.

Conservation Status

• IUCN Red List: Near Threatened (NT)

Conservation Efforts

• Protected areas in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and Greece

• Captive breeding for kri-kri

• Habitat protection.

• Anti-poaching enforcement.

• Rescue and rehabilitation centers.

• Awareness campaigns against illegal pet trade.

The Wild Goat ranges discontinuously from central Afghanistan and southern Pakistan, west through Iran, southern and western Turkmenistan, northern Iraq, the Caucasus region (Armenia, Azerbaijan, northeastern Georgia, and southern Russia), as far as southwestern Turkey. It once occurred in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, but is now extinct in these countries. The wild goat inhabits mountainous areas, where there is a mixture of rocky outcrops (including scree slopes) and vegetation (shrubby thickets (maquis) or conifer forests). It is a mixed forest species in the Caucasus, especially in the Greater Caucasus.

During The Recollections of Queen Arianna (TROQA) saga in the 2600s and 2700s, the "Sky People," or Terrans from Earth, brought the wild goat to two exoplanets that resembled Earth: Berbania from Ursa Major and Reinachos from Cygnus. Despite the death of our planet, conservation efforts are helping this species recover from endangerment or near extinction. The goat became an invasive species as a result of human activities for rewilding and game hunting. In two exoplanets that resembled Earth, the wild goat lived in a similar environment and climate.

• Movement Pattern: Altitudinal Migrant

• Individual Type: Solo

• Population Trend: Stable

• Population: 

  • Earth: 70,000+

  • Berbania: 120,000

  • Reinachos: 500,000

  • Delphia: 50,000

  • Sawintir: 45,000

• Locomotion: Terrestrial

• Habitat: Polar; Tundra; Taiga; Montane Grasslands and Shrublands; Temperate Coniferous Forests; Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Temperate Deciduous Forests: Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands; Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests; Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests; Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands; Salt Flats; Stone Forest; Tropical Coniferous Forests; Tropical Moist Broadleaf Forests; Tropical Dry Broadleaf Forests; Tropical Grasslands; Tropical Savannas and Shrublands; Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub; Mushroom Forests; Mushroom Fields; Deserts and Xeric Shrublands; Badlands; Flooded Grasslands and Savannas; Swamp; Bayous/Billabongs; Riparian; Wetland; Mangrove Forest; Cold Bamboo Forests; Tropical Bamboo Forests; Air-breathing Coral Reefs; Graveyard Vale; Mountain; Warm Ghost Town; Cold Ghost Town; Ruined Skyscraper.

• Earth: 

  • Extant (Resident): Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Iran; Iraq; Pakistan; Russia; Turkey; Turkmenistan

  • Extinct: Jordan; Lebanon; Syria

  • Presence Uncertain: Afghanistan

• Berbania/Hirawhassa: worldwide

• Reinachos/Ityosel: worldwide

• Delphia/Thatrollwa: worldwide

• Sawintir: worldwide

Wild goats were feeding with grasses or wheat.

Before Revolution - 10000 BC

10,000 BC before present-day evidence proves the first domesticated goat in Ganj Dareh in Iran. The most recent genetic analysis confirms the archaeological evidence that the wild bezoar ibex of the Zagros Mountains is the likely original ancestor of probably all domestic goats today. Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho, Choga Mami, Djeitun, and Çayönü, dating the domestication of goats in Western Asia between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago.

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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezoar_ibex

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_goat

• https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/3786/22145942

• https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/brendan_behan_146302?src=t_goat

• https://www.deviantart.com/ognimdo2002/art/Wild-Goat-793969453

• https://www.deviantart.com/ognimdo2002/art/Wild-Goat-2023-983959030