DERR ZI JNIUX INGQOG DNIUXLYW QAUWHUE EE SUANQAUR

Jitt dnxua ee ligsuw (dui' 1865 nii qaur henrjai) tangx vunx jyr go jam:

I. Dui' 1865-1894 nii (Suanqaur kaisiw, vikhai dyduanx)

II. Dui' 1895-1914 nii (Setqaur snax-jap nii, Zidvunw tongxdi Daiuann)

III. Dui' 1915-1934 nii (Setqaur go-jap nii, teciongr jurdi)

IV. Dui' 1935-1944 nii (Setqaur cid-jap nii, hibong jurlip)

V. Dui' 1945-henrjai (jiongjenr, qauwhue qonghok)

Jitt go jam suizenn m si diauqowir jyr :ee, mrquxx dagg jam kaisiw ee nihy ee lorbuew zri jin' duxhyw longxx si "5" .zri. Sidjai u cuwbi.

Dnaxx beh hunkuix sui' jam laii girlun.

I. Suanqaur kaisiw, vikhai dyduanx (1865-1894)

1. Tauu jit xee suanqauwsux

Ihak Poksu Maw Gnoxqog (James Laidlaw Maxwell, M. D.) siurr Ingqog Dniuxlyw Qauwhue ee Guarqog Suandy Hue pair quer laii Daiuann. Jex si tauu jit xee suanqauwsux. Maw Isingx Edinburg Dairhak (Edinburgh University) vitgiap, iarr bad diamr vnerngi. Ix m na juqeh jin' quann, iarr u jyr qauwhue ee dniuxlyw, Juxau 1864 nii Jnixax-guec cezi qaur Ermngg, diamr hiax hagsip jitt vingg ee gengiw, virvan rair quer laii Daiuann. Do Qadig Bogsux (Rev. Carstairs Douglas) cua snax xui Diongqog sinwdoo dui' Ermngg quer laii: jit see si u qinggiam ee vowdyrqax, jit xee si u hagsip quer iliauu qangjog ee cinglenn, jit xee si lauxlen ee lau hniadi qiyr jyr Goo Bunsuiw. Inx dirr Go-guec zxic-veh dui' Dnaxqauw (Qyhiongg) jniurliok. Do Bogsux qapp inx jywdin dirr jitt vingg iokk nng guehzit. Inx quer quixnarr zit dyrr qaur Daiuann Huxsniaa (Dailamm) tuandy.

2. Siurr qnuaw cud Dailamm

Inx dairqex qaur Dailamm Ci, dirr 1865 nii Lak-guec jap-lak kaisiw vowdy, vunx jinlixdnuax, suer jit kxamw dxiamr dirr Saimngg gua Knuawsaix Qrex; taujingg jyr vowdyrsow, aurbin jyr iyhqiok, suar dirliauu huanrjiaw. (Uirdiyhh Lak-guec jap-lak kaisiw qangjog, au .laii Lamvo Dairhue quatgi, muixx nii Lak-guec derr snax lexvaiwzit, qokk qauwhue diyhh quxhingg setqaur qiwliam lexvair.) Cavutdyx jap zit quw, inx lensuar vowdy jin' byy ingg. Maw Isingx muixx zit knuar go-jap gua miaa ee huanrjiaw. Danrsi langg' siwquer hongsniax, lamrsamw qongw pnaiw ue qapp jiongxjiongw ee iaugenn, qongw Maw Isingx e jiong' lasox ee miaa liamrjiur. "lah vnerlangg ee simqnuax laii jyr iyc," iacc si qongw, "Ow sixlangg ee bagjiux kir jyr iyc," qongw jitt kuanw ue senwdong vecsner. Hitt sii itvnuax ee langg sinr jex jyr sursit, dikkag beh qikdiok jiaxee guarqoklangg, qycc me inx jyr "angmnghuanx, angmngquiw." Inx ee vowdy siurr dua huanxduir. Maw Isingx inx dairqex hro langg' ing jiyhtauu dimr. Pnaiw langg qui' din laii vauuii lexvaiwdngg. Goo Bunsuiw kir vywqyr qnuatniax, danrsi qnuahuw kacc rui hiaxee vyrbinn, huanxdngw bingrling inx diyhh suaw kir vadd xui. Siurr qiongvig dywdngw kir Dnaxqauw, inx dyrr dirr Qi'au suer jit der cur, si snax kxamw diamwbin laii qaixdiog :ee: laudingw jyr kiarqex, laukax jyr vaiwdngg qapp iquanw; dirr jiax rix vne tuandy, suisii ing Dnaxqauw, Qi'au jyr qinqiwde, iauxquxx byy sniu beh vangwsag Dailamm. Inx druar dirr jiax tuandy, iarr qaur hurqin ee soxjai suantuann hok'imx; siongrr dairsingx dirr Vitauu (Hongrsnuax), dirr jitt xee soxjai singjig qaiww hyw. Maw Isingx siaw puex hro Byxhue, qongw jitt snax xee vangciuw jin' u loring; digvet ylyw Bunsuiw Vxeh.

3. Taujuiw ee quexjiw --- Sir xee niaw sexlew

Ermngg ee suanqauwsux Suanx Bogsux (Rev. W. S. Swanson) siurr cniaw quer laii Daiuann srunn qauwhue, qapp Maw Isingx druar jiax go lexvair. Dirr 1866 nii Veh-guec jap-zi, ix u qra sir xee duarlangg qniaa sexlew. Jex si taujuiw ee quexjiw. Hitt sir xee dyrr si Dann Jee (Vitaulangg), Dann Hyy (isingx ee jorciuw), Qyx Diongw (Qyx Jaiwdig ee laurve), Dann Uii (Kejuixlangg). Jitt sir langg ee diongqanx, au .laii Qyx Diongw u jyr tuandy, jinrdiongx tuann hok'imx, quixnarr vaiw siurr vikhai hiamw hiamw siw. (Ix ee dairjir dirr "Siauwliam Singwdoo" hitt lairbin u siaw.)

4. Tauu jit xee sunqauwjiaw

Qeh nii (1867) Snax-guec, Qib Bogsux dui' Ermngg quer laii mng dyrliw, u jiaplap go langg zip qauwhue. Jitt go langg diongx u jit langg miaa qiyr Jngx Cinghongx. Ix dirr Damrsuiw sraiw pangjunn. U jit vaiw, ix sraiw junn qaur Ermngg. U jit mehngx, ix qapp iquanw qor mngg ee langg damlun, suar tniax diyc dyrliw. Dyr laii Damrsuiw, ix dyrr jiong' ix ee gnoxsiong huixhuai; qycc tniax qnir dirr vunxdyw ee lamvo u Qidog Qauwhue, dyrr vorqniaa qauw zit qaur Dailamm, ngwbang e tangx dirr hiax cue diyc vaiwdngg. Au .laii ix kir Dnaxqauw, qauwui ee sii si vaiwlak, jit sinkux longxx si tohunw, kax iarr jin' tniar. Qeh zit, ix tniax diyc hok'imx, ing jin' zedsingg ee simx laii tniax, liamvnix jiaplap jinliw. Ix niaw sexlew liauxau, sidjai jin' dua vangjan qauwhue. Kyxsiyh dirr qeh nii, ix uirdiyhh beh dyr kir vunxhniux cua ix ee hurzinlangg laii, qaur dirr Jyxngiaa ee vnuawlo, hro langg' ing qunr-aw qongr, ing jiyhtauu dimr .siw. Hiaxee pnaiw langg siurkir, suacc ow ix ee simqnuax cud laii jiac. Jex si Daiuann tauu jit xee sunqauwjiaw.

5. Liw Hiux Bogsux laii Daiuann

Dui' kaisiw tuandy qaur dnaxx, longxx iauxx bue tniax diyc u bogsux tangx laii druar Daiuann. Soxiw diyhh cniaw Ermngg hitt vingg ee Suanx Bogsux, iacc si Qib Bogsux laii mng dyrliw, qniaa sexlew. Byxhue ee suandy vxo beh cue jit xee jiwguanrjiaw quer .laii, sidjai jin' uilann. Mrquxx byy jit xee qowding ee bogsux jurjai dirr jiax, iarr si jin' huiwkir. Soxiw inx dyrr cuivig Dairhue diyhh paiwkenw Liw Hiux Bogsux quer .laii. Qetqiok dyrr qra Liw Hiux qniaa anwciuxlew, setlip ix jyr bogsux, suar pair ix quer laii druar Daiuann. Liw Bogsuw ee jiurjid denxlew huisiongg ee liongdiong giamsiog. Liw Hiux Bogsux (Rev. Hugh Bitchie) qapp Bogsuniuu longxx jin' u suanqauwsux ee jingsinn. Inx dirr 1867 nii Jabzi-guec jap-snax qaur Dnaxqauw. Maw Isingx jurzenn si huisiongg hnuahiw. Qeh nii cuntnix, Maw Isingx kir Hiongqangw cua isingniuu quer .laii, tangx vangjan qadingg qapp iquanw.

6. Vitauu ee qiauxziauw

1868 nii si dysu-dylan ee nii. Jinwjingg nii dirr Vitauu (Hongrsnuax) ee Vakmngg gua u kiw vaiwdngg. Duw diyc qiauxziauw hitt sii, longxjongw ee qesix jabbut siurr pacpnaiw liauw liauw, tuandy qapp iliauu ee qangx iarr duw diyc joxdongr. Nibuew cavutdyx u uaw zi-jap langg decc jurjip. Qaur 1868 nii Go-guec, huixlui vangr huew siyx Tenjuxqaur ee vaiwdngg, iarr beh suar laii siyx Vitauu Qauwhue ee cur, huah qongxx hiaxee sinr dyrliw :ee, si hro langg' ing dok juiw bee .kir. (Qiamxcaiw si Tenjuxqaur ee sinhu ing ee singwjuiw?) Hitt sii Qyx Diongw dirr hiax taundy, in'ui rair beh tiacbingg jitt xee cywgo hro inx lixqaiw, suace siurr huixlui pah. Qnuahuw limw limw aw qiur ix, qra ix qnuaix lyc Hongrsnuax Quan ee Hoxtauu Qnax. Qycc u vadd xee taundyrsux dirr Sir-guec zxic-sir ee dngtauu-vehzit hro langg taii .siw. Au .laii hiaxee huixlui jinwjingg laii beh tiah vaiwdngg ee sii, sinwdoo dyrr tranr qihue qinw qinw jauw kir dymia; kiokk u jit~nng xee hro langg' liac kir pah. Uirdiyhh jitt xee surqnia, Hokqenr Singw Jongxdog ee uixuann dyrr qapp Ingqog ee lingxsu qausiap, u did diyc uanbuanw qaixqaud. Qyx Diongw qingquer cid lexvair au, jiacc did diyc tauxvangr .dyr .kir.

Vitauu ee qiauxziauw suizenn suah .kir, mrquxx inx ing og ir siwqer decc suantuann Maw Isingx ee pnaiw ue, qongw ix hro langg' qryr, si in'ui taii Diongqoklangg ee ginxaw, qra sinsix draii dirr Vitauu ix ee vangg-lai ee bincngg-kax. Qetqiok jitt xee dairjir u craa .cud .laii, hiaxee qud, dyrr si qryr ix ee langg ing qauqud qapp qauxqud kir draii dirr hiax.

Hitt nii ee Cid-guec qranx, Maw Isingx inx u sethuad qyce kiw jit qingx vaiwdngg dirr Vitauu, danrsi liamvnix qycc hro vxingx-aw tiah qaur venr vnede. Lingxsu kir Dailamm qnir jongxdog, tee cud giamdiong ee kongwgi. Qaur buew u hinghuat pnaiw langg, suar vuee qauwhue 1,167 kox, iarr suar cud qywsi qongxx, "Vecsner narr hamrhai sinwdoo qapp suanqauwsux, dyrr beh qra vanrjue; iarr junw suanqauwsux druar dniardiyc ee soxjai, qycc tangx juriuu tuandy." Jitt sijun ee vikhai m si dui' byy diwsig, si in'ui duiww se'ngiulangg pnaiw qamxjingg soxx drir. In'ui hitt sii u quaw guarqoklangg dirr Daiuann jyr jniulyw ee singliw, qapp qnuahuw vecsner u dairjir, siurr langg' uanwhin. Dui' anxnix, suanqauwsux iarr siurr ingxhiongw, Danrsi uirdiyhh dingxbin soxx cud ee qywsi, Maw Isingx dyrr qycc kir Huxsniaa (Dailammi diamr Zirlyxkauw ee Kow .cur ( 二老口之許厝 ) hing'ix tuandy. Jitt soxjai au .laii qiyr jyr 'Qurlauu'. Qi'au ee qangx qaudair Liw Bogsux; iliauu ee su, u did diyc ngiuhangg ee juanzim isingx Ban Poksu (Dr. Patrick Manson) draur vangjan. Qycc ngiuhangg iarr qiawhur iyhjnii, dui' anxnix dyrr erdangr qewsiok iliauu. Au .laii u jiong' Daiuann Huxsniaa qapp Qi'au nng soxjai jyr diongsimx laii tuandy.

7. Qauwhue naxx qetnix

Liw Hiux Bogsux qapp bogsuniuu zedsimx jyr qangx, byy zuarr quw dyrliw dyrr tuann qaur Alixqangw. Qagi ee Duarkecuwlangg Ngg Cimhyy vangjan Liw Bogsux jyr qangx. Ngg Qadir jyr Maw Isingx ee jorciuw; ix derr id dairsingx hagsip se'ngiuu ee isut, au .laii dirr Hongrsnuax qaqi kaigiap jyr seix. 1869 nii ee nibuew, Liw Bogsux vywqyr, dirr Alixqangw u zi-jap-snax xee duarlangg niaw sexlew, dirr Vitauu u zi-jap-zi miaa, Dnaxqauw veh miaa.

Maw Isingx dirr Dailamm Ci lai, u did diyc jit qingx jin' hab'ing ee cur tangx jyr iquanw. Inx cniar nng xui snuax-lai ee langg jyr ceing, si ngwbang u vad zri :ee tangx qapp hiaxee snuax-lai ee binjok jiapciog. Maw Isingx dirr ixjingg dyrr bad qapp jit xui guarqog ving'iuw kir Qongaxnaa. Inx qauwui ee sii siurr jin' dua ee huangingg. U lau hurzinlangg qongw, "Linw vehjingxlangg si guanw ee cinjniaa. Linw m si hiaxee pnaiw ee Diongqoklangg. Linw qiyr linw qaqi jyr sniaw kuanw ee vecsner? Quixnarr vah nii quw, linw qapp guanw sna' lirkuix. Dnaxx, guanw ee bagjiux bu, byy zuarr quw beh siw lar; guanw laurlangg ee bagjiux knuar diyc angg xmngg ee cinjniaa u hokkir ar!"

Iquanw sed dirr Dailamm liauxau, u jin' je vnevox laii rix vne, qapp Maw Isingx ee cniawqangx jywhuew druar. Inx sriu diyc hyw kuanxtai, iarr u qihue tangx tniax dyrliw. Maw Isingx ee isut hyw, miasniax jin' tauw, snuax-lai jerje vnerlangg cud laii Dailamm jiurqin Maw Isingx. Did diyc rix hyw, dyr kir inx vunxsoxjai qongw dyrliw hro langg' tniax, dui' anxnix jerje langg sinr. Maw Isingx m na kir Qongaxnaa, iarr qaur Bagsax, Qamaxnaa, Vuahbew (henrsii qiyr Jyxdinr). Jiaxee soxjai byy quw dyrr kiw lexvaiwdngg.

Liw Hiux Bogsux qapp bogsuniuu zedsimx jyr qangx, 1870 nii hok'imx dyrr tuann qaur Dangqangw, byy zuarr quw dyrr kiw lexvaiwdngg. Siang hitt nii dirr Liuqiuu iarr jurjip jyr lexvair. Qycc Qamvoaw iarr lingrgua jurjip. 1871 nii, Dik'axkax iarr sed qauwhue, ixgua cincniu Lamgan, Qenwqongjngx, Laucuwjngx iarr u qauwhue. Jex qiamxcaiw uree si uirdiyhh beh kyr se'ngiulangg ee srer, jiacc hiacc qetnix langgiac!

1870 nii, dirr Bagsax quxhingg Singwcanx Lexvair, u lak-jap-zi xee sinx niaw sexlew ee langg snaqab jre Jruw ee dyh. Hitt nii Daiuann ee jongw hueruann-sxor u jinr qaur 244; siuw lexvair ee zinsor iarr u 530 miaa. Dirr 1871 nii, jongw hueruann-sxor qetnix qaur 548, siuw lexvair vingqinx 1,635 miaa.

Hitt diap Maw Isingx qapp Ising'niuu dirr Huxsniaa zedsimx jyr qangx. Dirr Ding'axkax suer jit kxamw dxiamr jyr lexvaiwdngg, hro Goo Bunsuiw Dniuxlyw dirr hiax tuann dyrliw. Dui' jitt xee qangx u did diyc Jiux Vorhaa, Diy Jioksiongg, Liw Var, Ongg Ansia laii sinr. Au .laii jiaxee langg u jyr tuandyrsux, vutjiw jinrdiongx dirr inx ee jitbu. Goo Bunsuiw Dniuxlyw dirr Daiuann jyr qangx qaur 1875 nii, au .laii dyr kir Jiangjiux; dirr hiax siurr Jruw qingxdiaur lirkuix sewqanx.

Jongw qongw, jitt quiw nii qauwhue vutjiw kuikuah: lamm qaur Dangqangw, Liuqiuu; dangx qaur Bagsax, Qongaxnaa; vag qaur Duarsia, Volixsia, Ogulann. Lenrr Duarlamr, Gukunwsnuax jiaxee soxjai, au .laii iarr kiw lexvaiwdngg. Liw Bogsux tuann dyrliw, kacc je si duiww hanwzinn; acc Maw Isingx jyr qangx, kacc jiap si duiww lairsnuax jitt hongbin.

8. Sidjai decc cue jinliw

Dirr Pneoo u jit xee siauwlenlangg miaa qiyr Limm Qiamqimx. Ix si tagceclangg, u tak Diongqog ee qingdenw, jai'ngiaw hitt lairbin u jin' hyw ee qawsi. Danrsi ix ee qinggiam si naxx cincniu Paul dirr Romalangg derr cid jniux soxx qongw, ix air beh qniaa hyw, mrquxx qaqi sidjai byy kuiwlat. Au .laii ix tniax qnir u sinx ee jongqaur ixqingx tuann zip Daiuann, qycc u langg ixqingx u tniax qnir hok'imx, ix dyrr kir mng knuar jitt xee sinx ee qawsi si simxmic. Hitt xee langg byy sniaw erhiauw qra ix qongw, danrsi u jiong' jit dniux siaw Jabdiauqair ee dnuax hro ix. Hiaxee qaiwbing ix dagg diauu qra tak, longxx qamxqag jin' hyw. Ix dyrr sniu qongxx, "Guaw narr byy kuiwlat tangx tranr, anxnix beh tacc e u sniaw loring?" Au .laii ix tak hiaxee Jabdiauqair, lairbin u ing ser ser zri siaw ee suecbingg qongxx, "Jiaxee Qaiwbing si Siongrder ee Bingrling, lanw ingqaix diyhh tranr, mrquxx lanw be e." Tak qaur jiax, ix vutjiw u dongqamw. Qycc suar .lyc .kir, lairdew qycc qongw, "Siongrder linbinw, crex Ix ee Qniaw laii sewqanx jyr lanw ee qiuwjuw, lanw narr sinwkyr Ix, m na e did diyc siawjue, qyce lanw beh dui' Ix did diyc kuiwlat tangx sunrtanr Siongrder ee bingrling." Jitt xee Jinliw vutjiw qamxdong ix ee simx, soxiw ix qamxqag dikkag diyhh qycc genxqiur, ix dyrr jre pangjunn quer laii Dnaxqauw, beh cue guarqog sensnix. Liw Bogsux hitt jun kir dirr Vitauu, hitt xee siauwlenlangg dyrr ziog kir hiax cue ix. Liw Bogsux jin' hnuahiw, in'ui jitt xee u siurr qauwiok ee siauwlenlangg sidjai decc cue jinliw. Jitt xee siauwlenlangg liamvnix sinr Iasox, au .laii ix vutjiw dua lirig qauwhue, iarr diamr dirr Dnaxqauw lanw sed ee Tuandy longxsingg Sow jyr sensnix.

9. Qamx Poksu qaur Daiuann

Qamx Uilimm Poksu (Rev. William Campbell, D. D.) dirr 1871 nii Jabzi-guec cejap qaur Daiuann. Ix tak Glasgow Dairhak (Glasgow University), qycc si sinhagngi vitgiap. Qamx Bogsux suizenn byy zuarr quann, mrquxx u surgiabqax ee kiwjid, u inghiongg ee kiwkair. Ix lauu jit dua pxenr dngg dngg ee cuiwciux, knuar diyc si hyqet ee kuanxsid; u ju'air ee bagjiux, hro ginxaw iarr hyw cinqin. Ix u cincniu huew ee zedjingg, qycc jin' hyxdnaw, siongsiongg qnaw morhiamw. Ix gauu qongw cuwbi ee ue, hro langg' tniax dyrliw e lixqaiw, qycc kuair e qir .did, inwsiong iarr jin' cimx; gauu tniar langg, gauu genxqiur; air diaujax, air kir cauxde srunn qauwhue, sidjai si jin' kinbenw loxlik ee langg.

Qamx Bogsux snax-jap huer qaur Daiuann, druar jiax jyr qangx sir-jap-cid nii quw. Dnaxx jiong' ix dirr Daiuann tuandy soxx jyr ee dairjir qir quiw hxang:

(1) Tuann dyrliw, srunn qauwhue

Ix jin' zedsimx tuandy, siwqer sunsi qauwhue. Cincniu dirr 1872 nii, u nng vaiw kir sunsi Bagsax, Qamaxnaa, Vuahbew, Qongaxnaa, jitt sir xui; dagg vaiw u mng dyrliw, qniaa sexlew, jiaplap jerje langg zibqaur. M na anxnix, ix iarr qaur diongvo sunsi Duarsia, Lairsia, Volixsia, Ogulann, Gukunwsnuax jiaxee qauwhue. Qycc iarr kir Vehjuixkex, Giamjingg, Qavuawsuaw sunhuee tuandy. 1873 nii, Qamx Bogsux qaur Qagi tuann dyrliw, vutjiw cud lat jyr qangx, dui' anxnix qycc qex qenwsed jit qingx qauwhue. Jitt qingx Qagi Qauwhue au .laii huisiongg huatdenw, dui' jiax cud jerje tuandyrsux.

Dirr 1873 ee nibuew, jap-sir soxjai jongw hueruann-sxor u jinr qaur 931, lexvair cutsik vingqinx 2,000 miaa.

(2) Sed bongzinn haghau

Qamx Bogsux dirr hagsingx sidai dyrr qamxqag duiww cnemelangg ee qauwiok huisiongg diongriaur, soxiw duiww jitt hxang jin' quansimx. Dngsii dirr vunxdyw ee cnemelangg, dairiog sngr, u jit-bxan cid-cingx langg (Dairjingr qauw nii, Dailamm derhngx ee zinkauw jit-vah langg diongqanx, u jit xee bongzinn), qongxx si sewqair derr id. Soxiw ix hyxdnaw sethuad laii qauwiok cnemelangg.

Juxau 1889 nii, ix jiong' Daiuann bongzinn qauwiok ee iauwqinw vywqyr inx vunxqog; siang hitt nii, u ing pongwzi (點字) ee honghuad laii inr Sinx log ee jit vorhun qapp Biaurjiog Bunrdab (廟祝問答 , qapp qor biy ee langg damlun dyrliw); suar .lyc, qycc dirr ix ee cur kaisiw cnemelangg ee qauwiok. 1892 nii, ix dirr ci-lai Angqongsuu (洪公祠, henrsii Dailamm Dangcirdniuu hurqin) suer jit qingx cur, jyr bongzinn haghau laii qing'ingg, iarr u did diyc nng~snax langg draur vangjan jitt xee qangx.

1896 nii, ix kir Dangqniax qnir Huasanx Bunsiongr (樺山文相) qapp Zigiok Jongxdog (兒玉總督), vailet ix soxx qing'ingg ee bongzinn haghau ee jongrhongw hro inx tniax. Jongxdog qongw, ixau beh congr jyr qnualip :ee. Qamx Bogsux dyr .laii ee qeh nii (1897), dyrr jiong' jitt qingx dui' Angqongsuu ijuanw .kir, congwsed jyr Qnualip Bong'ar Haghau (盲啞學校 ). Ixau Qamx Bogsux duiww bongzinn qauwiok iuguann siongsiongg decc quansimx qapp loxlik. Qaur buew, diamxzi inwsuatqix (點字印刷機) u did diyc Sinx Anr Dighuw (新案特許), dyrr jiong' jitt hy qikir jit daii sangr Bong'ar Haghau; jit daii kngr dirr ix ee cur nirr tangx inr Singwqingx qapp Singwsix.

(3) Duwjog qapp genxqiur

Qamx Bogsux suizenn dirr tuandy, dirr qauwiok dingxdingw jin' byy ingg, iauxquxx u drur ceh laii qongwhenr siarhue. Dnaxx jiong' kacc iauwqinw ee duwjog qir dirr erbin:

a. Daiuann Suanqaur ee Singqongx (Missionary Success in Formosa): Huan'ik Hollandlangg soxx drur ee ceh, qycc qetnix Qamx Bogsux vunxzinn soxx siaw ee snax-jap jniux. 1889 nii, dirr London cutvanw.

b. Holland Tongxdi ha ee Daiuann (Formosa under the Dutch): 1903 nii, dirr London huathingg. Derr id pnix qiwjair Daiuann hongtow, borik qapp jongqaur. Derr zi pnix qiwjair Qidokqaur ee tuandy. Derr snax pnix qiwjair Diongqoklangg laii jinghok Daiuann.

c. Ermng'imx Sinx Zirdenw: Dirr jiax mrbenw suatbingg jitt vunw ee su, in'ui dairqex jai'ngiaw jitt vunw jin' dua lirig langg. 1931 nii, dirr Zidvunw Hnuai'vinx cutvanw.

d. Sketch from Formosa: Jitt vunw si 1915 nii dirr London cutvanw. Jiong' sir-jap gua nii quw dirr Daiuann soxx texgiam ee sursit siaw .cud .laii. Qaiwsiau Daiuann hro sewqair ee langg jaix. Sidjai si jin' cuwbi ee ceh.

Jiaxee ixgua, iauxx u vadd xee duwjog. Ix iarr vutjiw air genxqiur derliw, ligsuw, zinluirhak; qycc iarr genxqiur jin' je soxjai ee zinjingg hongsiok, jiong' jiaxee siongser qiwjair laii huatviauw dirr hagqair. London Dairhak in'ui Qamx Bogsux ee qongjig, dyrr siuruw 'Sinhak Poksu' ee hag'ui. Zidvunw qycc in'ui knuar ix u qonglyy, iarr sangr ix nng xee hunjiongx.

(4) Dirr Vehjuixkex tuatli guihiamw

Juxau 1874 nii, Qagi lamm vingg ee Vehjuixkex iarr u sed qauwhue. Dirr Diamxaxkauw (Vehhyy) u jit xee iuxlik ee taubak miaa qiyr Goo Jiwqyx (langg' qiyr ix jyr Goo aw Cniuu). Dairsingx quixnarr nii quw, ix duiww Qidokqaur longxx diam diam byy anwjnuaw; danrsi knuar diyc Qidokqaur decc huatdenw jin' qinw, dyrr dongr be diauu. Ix tniax qnir inx beh dirr Vehjuixkex kiw sinx vaiwdngg, dyrr qra joxdongr, qiyr inx qangsu diyhh tingjiw. Qauwhue jurzenn byy beh tniax, jyww inx diddit kiw. Goo Jiwqyx pair snax~sir-jap langg duar qesix laii qongqig, qycc cniuw hiaxee sinwdoo ee jaibut. Qamx Bogsux tniax diyc jitt hy siausid, qnuaxqinw qaur Vehjuixkex tamr jiaxee hueriuw, qycc jurjip inx dairqex dirr qu vaiwdngg beh qidyw. Hitt mee, Goo aw Cniuu ee dongxlui laii vangr huew siyx vaiwdngg.

Qamx Bogsux hitt amr dirr qauwhue ee siyw cur decc kunr. Vnuawmee hro hiaxee langg huachiamr ee sniax paccnew, knuar qnir vangqingx decc huew siyx, vaiwdngg qapp sioksiar ee cuwdingw iarr diddit decc dyc huew. Hiaxee pnaiw langg ee bin jry qaxx ox quixquiw, giac duardyx qapp cniux dirr siwbin vauuii, decc dngdanw Qamx Bogsux cud .laii, beh qra ix jrann .siw. Qamx Bogsux quixnarr vaiw beh dui' mngg jongg .cud .kir, mrquxx longxx byy huatdo, in'ui dyx qapp cniux diddit laii, Qamx Bogsux dyrr ing jit niaw pue muax dirr ix ee ciuxqoxtauu. Zen'au ix trer zip kir vangqingx-lai, hitt sii u jit qix cniux duc diyc ix ee hingkamw uaw jit cunr cimx, qycc jit qix pud diyc ix ee kax. Vaiwdngg qapp sioksiаr huew naxx iam. Dnaxx Qamx Bogsux sniu ix unxdangr e siw dirr jiaxee vec siamxsiamw ee dyx-xe. Byy pacsngr hutzenn kiw hongx, huew qapp huexhunx longxx juanw hiongr duiww jniawvingg; hiaxee huixlui in'ui dongr huexhunx be diauu, iarr longxx jyr jit xe jongg duiww jniawvingg .quer .kir. [Kiokk u langg tuann qongxx, Qamx Bogsux hutzenqanx sniu diyc jit vo, ing hitt niaw pue qngw qngw qui' kox, qinw hed duiww guarkauw .cud .kir. Huixlui liahjunw si Qamx Bogsux qngw hitt niaw pue beh jauw .kir, dyrr dua sniax huachiamr qongxx, "Angmnghuanx cud .laii lar." Dairqex tniax diyc anxnix, dyrr qinw jauw laii duiww hitt niaw pue diddit jrann, diddit duc. Hitt diap ix jiacc dui' aurbin liux .cud .kir.] Qamx Bogsux jixu cing jit niaw lairsnax, tngwjiackax dui' aurviacmngg tiaur .cud .kir, vnuaa quer cniuu-aw, jauw qaur hurqin ee snuax, qui' mee bih dirr hiax. Tuandyrsux qapp hueriuw qaur tnix qngx jiacc cue diyc ix; tec jit niaw kor hro ix cing, qapp ix jywhuew qaur Qagi, qnir Qagi Diquan (知縣 =quanrdniuw), qriuu ix vyxho. Au .laii hitt xee qnruax u virvan mic hro ix jiac, tec snxax hro ix cing, suar pair vxingx vyxho ix qaur Dailamm. Qamx Bogsux soxu ee mic dirr hiax longxx byy liauw liauw, lenrr ix Byxhue soxx sangr ix hitt xee siviyw iarr sitlyc .kir. Au .lali u langg qycc brew jit xee sinx :ee sangr ix.

Vehjuixkex ee surqnia, au .laii Ingqog lingxsu qapp Diongqog jingwhuw qausiap, did diyc uanbuanw qaixquad. Qetqiok liac Goo Jiwqyx ee vorha sir xee langg kir qnuaix qnax, qycc vuee qauwhue jit-vah kox.

Qamx Bogsux sir-jap-cid nii quw druar Daiuann jinrdiongx jyr qangx. Qaur 1917 nii ee cuntnix tewjid. Ix ee lirvet, hro jingwlangg jin' siongvix; quann qapp qe, hyxgiac qapp sanwhiongx, laurlangg ixqip siauwlenlangg iarr si jin' m qramx. Jongxdog diauqangx lyc laii qaur Dailamm qapp ix sna' srii. U jit jann qyckacc e qamxdong langg ee simx, dyrr si u cavutdyx snaxjap xee cnemelangg bad siurr ix ee qawsi vangjan :ee, vanrdyh qra ix sangwvet.

10. Kanada Dniuxlyw Qauwhue ee vowqaur

MAXQAIX POKSU LAII DAIUANN

Maxqaix Bogsux (Rev. George Leslie Mackay, D. D.) siurr Kanada Dniuxlyw Qauwhue paiwkenw quer kir Diongqog. 1872 nii qaur Daiuann Dnaxqauw cue Liw Hiux Bogsux. Inx jiamrsii jywhuew druar, snaqab damlun Daiuann ee jinghingg. Maxqaix Bogsux bue quer laii ixjingg, dyrr sniu rair dirr vakvo tuandy, soxiw Liw Bogsux dyrr qapp ix jnriu vag qaur Damrsuiw, quatding ing jiax jyr qinqiwde taunqaur. Inx huisiongg cud lat jyr qangx, qauwhue dua jinwvo. Maxqaix Bogsux sintew iongxjongr, vutjiw e kamx did qankow; u tuandy ee jingsinn. Ix jurjip quaw Daiuann ee cinglenlangg jywhuew, qapp inx siwqer qniaa, tuann dyrliw; qar inx hagsip jiongxjiongw ee kybok, simrjiww iarr qar inx kixkyhak. Maxqaix Bogsux siwqer tuann dyrliw, suar qar langg' banw cuiwkiw.

Maxqaix Bogsux qapp Liw Bogsux, inx u hunx kuhik jyr qangx. Ing Dairqah Kex jyr qaiwhan, kevag jyr Kanada Dniuxlyxhue ee suandy kuhik, kelamm jyr Ingqog Dniulyxhue ee suandy kuhik. Dui' anxnix suacc u vakvo qapp lamvo ee hunvet. Suizenn hunx kux decc qaqi qing'ingg, mrquxx iarr u habjog ee qihue. Lamvo dirr 1896 nii congwsed Lamvo Dionghue. Qaur 1912 nii, dirr Jionghuar lenhap jyr Daiuann Dairhue.

11. Vax Kiklew Poksu laii Daiuann

Vax Kiklew Poksu (Rev. Thomas Barclay, D. D.) 1849 nii Jab'id-guec zi-jap-id cutsir dirr Skotland ee Glasgow Sniaa. Ix ee verbyw longxx si zedsimx ee Qidokdoo, laurve si qauwhue ee dniuxlyw. Ix u sir xee duarhniax, jit xe siyxmue. 1964 nii zip Glasgow Dairhak, jap-lak huer ee sii qapp Siongrder sewiog, itsingx beh henwsinx jyr Ix ee loring. Dairhak vitgiap liauw, 1869 nii zip Sinhaghau, au .laii iarr u kir Dikqog liuhak.

Ix beh vitgiap hitt nii (1869), dirr Glasgow Dairhak u snax xee singjig jueww iudingw ee hagsingx, dyrr si sner Vax, sner Qib, qapp sner Maw :ee. Inx snax langg si hyw ving'iuw, longxx jiwguan beh kir guarqog tuandy. Langg' qamxqag jin' qiquair, anwjnuaw jiacnirr hyw ee zinbut beh kir guarqog, jex qamxx m si qokqax ee sunxsid? Acc qog-lai qamxx byy hitt hy qauwhue tangx cniaw inx mah? Suizenn u jerje langg decc joxjiw, mrquxx inx ee simx jin' qenquad. Maw Poksu (Dr. MacKichan) kir Inwdo; Qib Poksu (Dr. Gibson) kir Diongqog ee Snuawtauu, acc Vax Poksu (Dr. Barclay) laii Daiuann.

U langg qongw, "Cincniu Vax Bogsux jit hy zinbut kir Daiuann jin' pacsngw." Jex si jiauww sewqanx ee sniurhuad. Jongw .si Vax Bogsux qaqi duiww henwsinx ixlaii, itsingx m bad sniu cyr. Dirr Ingqog ee 'Langmiaa Sudenw' u dinglok Vax Kiklew ee miaa jyr 'denrkir hagjiaw.' In'ui ix bad dirr cutmiaa ee budlixhagjiaw Lord Kelvin ee genxqiuwsig genxqiur denrkiwhak (denrkiwhak dirr dngsii iauxx si jin' sinx ee kyhak); iarr suar jiong' ix ee genxqiur-lunrbunn dirr Inggog Ongo Lip Hagsurngi (王立學士院) ee daii-dingw longxtok. Narr e tangx kia dirr Ongg Lip Hagsurngi ee qangxdaii, sngr si kyhagjiaw ee dua bing'u. Anxnix Vax Bogsux narr byy jyr tuanqaur ee qangx, unxdangr e jniaa jyr cutmiaa ee kyhagqax. Ix iarr u jingwdirdig ee jailingg; ix narr byy quer laii jyr suanqauwsux, qiamxcaiw e jniaa jyr cutmiaa ee guarqauqnuax.

Vax Bogsux jap-lak huer dyrr duiww Siongrder sewiog, beh itsingx jyr Ix ee ceing. Jitt xee sewiog, m si ing cuir qongw, si ix vunxsinx siaw :ee. Dagg nii narr qaur ix ee snezit (Jab'id-gues zi-jap-id), dyrr dingsinx hongrhenr, qycjaiww ciammiaa dirr hitt dniux sewioksux. Siongrr lorbuew vaiw ee ciammiaa, dyrr si 1934 nii Jab'id-guec zi-jap-id zit. Jitt dniux sewioksux si qaur ix vedser liauxau jiacc hro langg' cue .diyc.

Vax Bogsux 1874 nii Jabzi-guec jap-veh qaur Ermngg, diamr hiax hagsip jitt vingg ee ue quixnarr guehzit, qaur 1875 nii Lak-guec cego, dui' Dnaxqauw jniurliok. Jex sngr .laii si cavutdyx setqaur duxhyw qingquer jap nii. Ix dairsingx druar dirr Dnaxqauw, zen'au dyrr laii druar Dailamm. Vax Bogsux dirr Daiuann jyr suanqauwsux lak-jap nii gua quw; dirr dongliauu diongx siongsiongg kia dirr jensnuar, jyr Daiuann qauwhue jin' dua ee linglik. Ix laii ee qeh nii Jnxiax-guec, Liw Hiux Bogsux dyrr dyr kir hiyckunr. Lamvo ee kuhik jap-zi qingx qauwhue longxx qaudair ix liaurliw. U qetnix sinx ee soxjai qapp zinsor, jitt xee jikzim sidjai byy hiacc iong'ngi. Ix dnaxx jiacc siongsiongg huan diyc qnuazet ee puawvne, hro ix jin' qankow. 1877 nii, ix quer kir Diongqog Dairliok; jit bin uirdiyhh ix ee qenrkongx, jit bin iarr jyr Daiuann ee dairviauw kir Siongrhaiw hur Suanqauwsux Hiabgirhue.

Vax Poksu dirr Daiuann soxx lauu ee qongjig jin' je, lanw be tangx siongser qongw. Jitt diap jiauww siqii ee sunrsu singx qir nng hxang, dyrr si congwsed Sinhaghau qapp Cecvangg. Qi'uu :ee kacc au jiacqycc qongw.

(1) Congwlip Sinhaghau

Suanqauwsux kixtauu uree druar Qi'au, uree druar Dailamm, inx longxx u jiyx cinglenlangg laii tagceh, virvan jionglaii tangx tuandy. Uirdiyhh qinghuir qapp zin'uann ee quanhe, suanqauwsux dua vorhun dyrr suaw laii Dailamm. Dui' anxnix, Dailamm dyrr jniaa jyr qauwhue ee vunxvo, Vax Bogsux iarr suaw .laii. Dirr 1876 nii, kaised Sinhaghau, Vax Bogsux jyr derr id dai ee haurdniuw. 1877 nii Jabzi-guec, Qi'au ee hagsingx suaw laii Dailamm jywhuew tak, dagg hxang dyrr kacc u cuwsu. 1878 nii quatding beh qenwsed jit qingx ser ser ee Sinhaghau dirr Sinlauu ee dangvakqag; qaur 1880 nii, qyxzenn sidhen, dirr Zi-guec zi-jap-snax kuiyc, hagsingx jap-go miaa.

Vax Bogsux suizenn ursii iarr diyhh kir cauxde srunn qauwhue, danrsi ix jin' gauu qar, u dua lirig hagsingx. Sinhaghau congwsed liauw, dirr Vax Bogsux iauxx dilehh ee sijun, u 240 miaa ee tuandyrsux qapp bogsux dui' jitt qingx vitgiap cud kir jyr Jruw ee qangx. Au .laii in'ui Vax Bogsux kir huan'ik Singwqingx, Songr Diongqenx, Muii Qambu, Lauu Diongqenx, Buanw Hiongjaii, jitt quiw xui suanqauwsux jiamrsii laii liaurliw Sinhaghau.

(2) Kaised Cecvangg (Qongvyr Sia)

Lanw ee suanqauwsux siongsinr narr beh hro qauwhue e uahdang jinwvo, hueriuw dikkag diyhh erhiauw tak Singwqingx. Danrsi beh hro hniadi jixmue erhiauw qaqi tak Singwceh, Hanwzi si jin' uilann. Soxiw diyhh qar inx tak Romazi. Maw Isingx u qapp Ermngg ee suanqauwsux qra Sinx log huan'ik jyr Veh'uerzi. Dyr kir inx vunxqog hiyckunr, beh qycc laii Daiuann jinwjingg, ix u sethuad inr Romazi ee Sinx log. Anxnix Maw Isingx knuar Veh'uerzi jyr iauwqinw, Vax Bogsux qyckacc diwir, siongsiongg qoxbuw langg diyhh ing Veh'uerzi. Vax Bogsux tauu vaiw dyr kir Ingqog hiyckunr ee sii, u kir uahvanxsow genxqiur inr ceh ee huatdo (印刷術). Qycc laii Daiuann, ix dyrr erhiauw kuix uahvanxsow. 1885 nii Cid-guec huathingg derr id hy ee 'Qauwhue Vyr'. Jex qiamxcaiw si dang'ngiuu jueww qxow ee Qauwhue Vyr. Siongrr tauu jit xee kiyh zri :ee (植字工), miaa Sox Sax, ix si cinglenlangg, jinx vunxsu, yc Veh'uerzi snax zit dyrr erhiauw. Au .laii 'Qauwhue Vyr' muixx guec huathingg ee sowliong u nng-cingx vyr.

12. Lexvair qapp qangjog

Jitt sidai ee jurhue qandna' lexvaiwzit ee lexvair nardnia. Dingxvox jap diamw kiw, cavutdyx jit diamxjingx quw, ervox dui' nng diamw qaur snax diamw. Anxnix jit zit nng vaiw jurjip jyr lexvair. Lexvair ee sunrsu: (1) Gimm six. (2) Qidyw. (3) Jabdiauqair. (4) Singwqingx. (5) Singwsix. (6) Qidyw. (7) Qangxdy. (8) Qidyw. (9) Siongringg. (10) Jiokdyw. Jex si dingxvox lexvair ee sunrsu. Acc ervox ee lexvair byy tak Jabdiauqair. Hitt jun lexvair ee jerui narr jiauww jitt diap laii knuar, sidjai jin' qi'ngi. Lamluw ee jerui diyhh hunkuix jyr nng vingg, Ixamm huanrr Ixamm, luw huanrr luw, berdangr sna' knuar; iurqycc narr cid huer ixsiong ee lamluw, dyrr bersaih did jre jywhuew. Hongsiok sibquanr qapp henrsii dua qyc'ngiu.

Hiangwsii ee qauwiok suizenn kacc byy uanjuann, danrsi Sinhaghau ee hagsingx u cud lat jyr qangx. Hitt sidai ee tuandyrsux viw qauwhue ee sowgiac kacc jiyw. Soxiw sinhagsingx diyhh jiong' hitt jit lexvair qranx soxx hagsip :ee, suisii cud kir siurr pair ee qauwhue uah'iong. Uree muixx lexvair diyhh qniaa lak-cid lxiw lo ee ongxhuee. U langg muixx lexvair diyhh dui' Dnaxqauw qniaa qaur Dangqangw ongxhok ee lo. Ursii iarr diyhh qapp suanqauwsux jywdin kir qokk soxjai ee qauwhue sircad, iacc si snaqab kir kaised sinx ee soxjai. Anxnix suisi soxx tak :ee byy zuarr je, mrquxx inx soxx jyr ee qangx m si siyxkuaw.

13. Liw Hiux Bogsux vedser

1875 nii, Liw Bogsux u kir Aursnuax (Daiuann dangvo), in'ui byy knuar qnir simxmih hyw qetqyw, soxiw jidsii u hongwkir. Au .laii tniax qnir u sinwdoo suaw kir Aursnuax, dui' anxnix jiamrjiam u langg sinr hok'imx. Liw Bogsux liamvnix qiyr bre Singwceh ee langg Liw Var qapp Goo Ir kir sircad; au .laii dyrr pair tuandyrsux Oo Diauqix kir druar Jiyhhorsnuar. Aursnuax ee tuanqaur si dui' jiax kaisiw. Liw Bogsux air luxhingg, siwqer vowdy, Daiuann ix cadvutdyx qniaa taur taur. 1879 nii, ix qapp Vax Bogsux kir Aursnuax sircad. Hitt jun u qra jin' je langg qniaa sexlew, sed snax soxjai ee qauwhue. Liw Bogsux m na u yc Daiuan'ue, iarr suacc decc yc Kec'ue. Tauu jit xee kecjngx ee qauwhue Lamgan si ix congwsed :ee.

Liw Bogsux qaiww derr id dairsingx teciongr luxjuw qauwiok ee vit'iaur. Ix qapp Liw Bogsuniuu jinrlat kaisiw qangjog dirr hurzinlangg qapp luxjuw ee diongqanx, air beh lirig inx. Ix jiong' qaqi ee jnii tec cud laii beh kiw jit qingx luxyc, dirr ix beh siw jinwjingg u decc qewik hitt xee qenwsed ee su. Qaur au .laii qyxzenn u qenwdiog luxyc, 1887 nii kaihau. Dirr hitt qingx haghau lairbin u he jit der vxix, siaw qongxx, 'Jitt qingx haghau ee setlip, dua vorhun si dui' ix ee tegi qapp kongxkair'. Liw Hiux Bogsux 1879 nii Qauw-guec zi-jap-qauw huan diyc zedvne, dirr Dailamm quewsinx.

14. Suanqauwsux ee idong

Dirr jitt sidai suanqauwsux ee dongrjing, lanw berdangr longxjongw siaw, vutqyr diah hiaxee kacc iauwqinw :ee laii qongw.

Jiauww dingxbin soxx qongw, Maw Isingx dyr kir hiyckunr, uirdiyhh surjingg, berdid kacc qinw qycc laii. Byxhue pair Six Dairvit Bogsux (Rev. David Smith) 1876 nii Zi-guec zi-jap-id qaur jiax. Ix druar Daiuann jixu lak nii quw nardnia, danrsi u qongwhenr dirr qauwhue ee qenwdiog, cincniu Bagsax kiw vaiwdngg dyrr si ix sethuad :ee. Uirdiyhh sintew ee quanhe, 1882 nii Jnxiax-guec dyr .kir.

Dig Isingx (Dr. Matthew Dickson) 1871 nii Zi-guec cejap qaur Dailamm. Maw Isingx qapp ix snaqab jyr qangx, au .laii dyr kir hiyckunr, 1871 nii ee nibuew duw diyc puawvne, qingquer jap-zi nii, qaur 1883 jiacqycc laii Dailamm. Dig Isingx qaqi jit langg druar jiax jyr iliauu ee qangx cid nii quw, Dailamm Iquanw u jinwdenw. Dirr 1875 nii, bad u jidsii qauw-jap-id miaa zibngi, iarr dirr hitt nii ee diongqanx, u dirliauu 3,334 xee huanrjiaw (guarlaii 2,500, zibngi 834). Dig Isingx 1878 nii Jnxiax-guec sijid. Anx Isingx (Dr. Peter Anderson) laii jriab ix ee kueh, 1879 nii Jnxiax-guec jap-sir qauwui.

Qamx Bogsux dyr kir hiyckunr liauw, u cua Qamx Bogsuniuu qapp sinx ee suanqauwsux Too Uilimm Bogsux (Rev. William Thow) laii, dirr 1880 nii Jab'id-guec qaur Daiuann. Too Bogsux jin' inkinn jyr qangx, qycc iarr jin' u zinqeh, gauu jywlangg. Kyxsiyh druar jiax qandna' jap-sir nii nardnia, 1894 nii quewsinx dirr Daiuann. Ix ee siw hro jin' je langg Irauu bagsaiw, huisiongg m qramx.

Liw Bogsux quewsinx liauxau, Ingqog Luxsuandyrhue jiaplap Liw Bogsuniuu jyr inx tauu jit xee dairviauw druar Daiuann tuandy. Liw Bogsuniuu jyr qangx sunsi jap-cid xui ee qauwhue, vutjiw diyhbuaa. Qycc iarr diwir decc sethuad rair hro ix ee diongrhux soxx ngwbang ee luxyc e tangx sidhen. Kyxsiyh haursiar iauxx bue uansingg ixjingg, ix duw diyc puawvne, 1884 nii Lak-guec, qovutjiongx diyhh dyr kir joxqex.

li Ziauliw Sensnix (George Ede) dirr 1883 nii Jabzi-guec zi-jap-snax, qapp Sensniniuu qaur Dailamm. Ii Sensnix si lauxlen ee sensnix, congwsed Dniuxlyxqaur Diongyc, jyr derr id dai ee haurdniuw. Suanqauwsux ngirdong ee jinghingg, dairiog cincniu dingxbin soxx qongw. Dirr jitt sidai Qamx Bogsux qapp Vax Bogsux diyhh damdngx qauwhue kacc iauwqinw ee jikzim, suar hunwlen jap-lak xee sinhagsingx. 1884 nii, longxjongw u snax-jap-snax qingx qauwhue.

Diongqog qapp Huatqog jenwjingx (1884) ee sii, Huatqog lamrdui hongsyw Daiuann. Vakvo ee qauwhue go qingx qauwdngg siurr pywhuai, sinwdoo iarr quixnarr xee siurr taii .siw; lamvo qajair byy simxmih dua vikhai. Ingqog lingxsu koxkngr jiongww guarqoklangg ee qajok diyhh lirkuix vunxdyw. Dui' anxnix, lanw ee suanqauwsux duliauw Maw Isingx, Anx Isingx qapp Too Bogsux ixgua, qi'uu :ee longxx tetter kir Diongqog Dairliok. 1885 nii, jenwsu suah, Maw Isingniuu dui' Ermngg dyr kir Ingqog, qi'uu ee suanqauwsux dirr Go-guec longxx qycc dyr laii Daiuann.

15. Vax Bogsux dirr Zirlun siurr vikhai

Dirr lamvo Dorqun'ingg ee soxjai, guanvunw u jit qingx vaiwdngg, vunxderlangg qapp damrvyc Keclangg dirr hiax lexvair. Au .laii Dorqun'ingg ee jngsia hro duarjuiw Irauu .kir, vaiwdngg iarr suacc hruer .kir. Lexvair dyrr hunkuix: Vunxderlangg hitt vingg kiw vaiwdngg dirr Diong'naa, Keclangg jitt vingg qovutjiongx diyhh cue sinx ee derdiamw, byy langg qnaw jiong' toxde bre lanw kiw vaiwdngg. Hitt sii u jit xee sinwdoo miaa Dniux Aqimx, si Zirlunrlangg, ix jiong' ix ee cur bre lanw jyr vaiwdngg. Hitt jngx ee langg dua siurkir.

1885 nii Lak-guec qranx, u hueriuw jurjip dirr hiax lexvair, siurr jin' dua qongqig. Inx crex langg qaur Dailamm vyr suanqauwsux jaix. Vax Bogsux siurr pair beh kir knuar diyhh jnaixngiu. Cid-guec jap-veh (vaiwlak) qauwui, qapp jngx nirr ee sirdua sionghue nng vaiw. Qeh zit duxduxx qawzit, snax-jap miaa hueriuw decc lexvair ee diongqanx, tniax qnir pah lxyy ee sniax, iarr u langg qongw, "Inx laii lar." Liamvnix u qui' din cinglenn ee dongxlui laii qongqig lexvaiwdngg. Hiaxee langg dui' venrsow dnax quixnarr dnar vuii laii. Vax Bogsux qapp hueriuw qnuaix mngg trer zip aurqag. Mngg liamvnix hro inx longr puar, jiong' hiaxee vuii diddit puah .zip .kir, qui' lairbin muaw muaw si. Vax Bogsux qniaa jinwjingg beh qapp inx qongxue, danrsi inx m tniax, jiong' quixnarr tangw duarvuii diddit puah Vax Bogsux, dui' taukag dingw qaur kavnuaa. Vax Bogsux sriu diyc jitt kuanw ee vikhai lingziok, iauxquxx banrhunx ee tunlunw, ing jin' unziuu ee taiwdo duiww inx qongw, "Jiacnirr hyw ee vuiliau jin' pacsngw, jex linw vror diu-aw ee sii u jin' dua loring." Hiaxee langg uree naxx og, duiww byy dixkongr ee sinwdoo kiuw taumngg, cuah cuiwciux; tiah lic inx ee snxax, suar qra inx pah qaur ocnex qikhueh. Inx iarr lexme jiuwjow Vax Bogsux, cincniu huatqongg jidngiu. U langg digvet ciaucue hitt qingx cur ee cuwjuw, jit siwqer cue taur taur. Qajair hitt zit ix duxhyw byy dirr lairbin; narr u, ix unxdangr byy siw iarr vnuar diauu mia.

Vax Bogsux dyr laii Dailamm, Qauwsurhue u jiong' jitt jann dairjir vywqyr qnuahuw. Inx u pair langg beh vanrliw. Siurr pair ee qnruax qaur Zirlun beh diaujax ee sii, iarr duw diyc buxziok longxx byy simxmih qetqyw. Qnuahuw qra lingxsu qongw, narr byy pair vxingx kir, byy hxuad did inx da'uaa. Jongw .si Qauwsurhue qapp lingxsu longxx dong'ir qongxx, anxnix vran kacc byy habgii. Au .laii inx diongqanx kiokk u jit~nng langg siurr qingxqair; Vax Bogsux hro inx cniuw .kir ee siviyw qapp viyxaxlen, inx u sangr laii hingg, qycc vuee damrvyc jnii. Anxnix dairjir dyrr qaixquad.

16. Congwsed Diongyc

Qauwhue dongqiok qamxqag u sed diongyc ee vit'iaur. Dngsii jerje qauwhue u sed siyxyc, decc vue'ngiuw jiax ee sinwdoo ee juxde, jongw .si iauxx bue u diongyc. Qenwsed diongye, jit bin tangx vue'ngiuw langg jyr siyxyc ee sensnix, qycc jit bin tangx iongxsingg hagsingx zip Sinhaghau. Jitt xee surgiap jin' diongriaur, soxiw Byxhue pair li Ziauliw Sensnix dirr 1883 nii quer lali junxvi.

Diongyc dirr 1885 nii Qauw-guec zi-jap kaihau, si diamr dirr Qurlauu (二老口). Kixtauu hagsingx jap miaa, hitt hagqii bue qetsog ixjingg, u qetnix qaur zi-jap-zi miaa. 1890 nii, in'ui haursiar diyc vehhia u guihiamw, soxiw qovutjiongx jiamrsii viwhau. Au .laii dirr Sinlauu ee sailamqag u kiw sinx ee haursiar, dirr 1894 nii Zi-guec kui'yc. Ingqog Qauwhue ee hagsingx (The Glasgow Free Church College students) u diubo go-vah gua vong, laii jyr jitt xee qenwdiokhuir. li Sensnix dirr diongyc jinrlat jyr qangx, vutjiw dua lirig. Kyxsiyh in'ui Sensneniuu ee sintew, ix vutdik'iw diyhh lirkuix Daiuann. Dirr 1896 nii Qauw-guec, Ii Sensnix qapp Sensneniuu juanw kir druar qog-lai ee Gnoxqinghur, ngwbang dirr hiax ee juixtow e kacc hac. Ix lirkuix Dailamm, dairqex jin' m qramx, in'ui ix ee dongliauu qapp hagsingx jin' qingwtniar ix. Ii Sensnix dirr jiax qawyc, iarr u drur jit vunw Veh'uerzi ee Samzurqingx Juwqaiw. Ii Sensnix sijid liauxau, Songr Diongqenx, Vax Kiklew, Qamx Uilimm ju'ui suanqauwsux snasuar jyr haurdniuw.

(Quanhe diongyc ee su, kacc au beh qycc siaw.)

17. Tuandy dirr Pneoo qapp Jionghuar Kir Pneoo qapp Jionghuar tuann dyrliw, vnevnee si 1886 nii ee su, soxiw vaii dirr jiax.

(1) Kir Pneoo tuandy

Hollandlangg jiamwniaw Daiuann ee sijun, ixqingx bad pair suanqauwsux kir Pneoo. Ixau byy langg bad qycc jiapsuar kir tuann dyrliw. Qaur 1886 nii Lak-guec celak, Qamx Bogsux qapp Qyx Diongw qaur Pneoo; jap gua zit quw dirr jap gua xee jngsia tuann dyrliw. Hiax ee langg diwir tniax, jiauww knuar u himbo dyrliw. Qamx Bogsux dyr laii vywqyr jiaxee siausid, qongxx u qycc kir tuann ee vit'iaur. Liamvnix u snax xee sinwdoo henwqimx beh jyr Pneoo tuandy ee loring. Qauwsurhue tegi qongxx, Pneoo diyhh jyr Daiuann Qauwhue ee suandy kux, dairqex janwsingg. Dui' hitt jun kiw, Pneoo tuandy ee qinghuir quatding qruix Daiuann Qauwhue hurdamx. Au .laii u pair Ngg Cimhyy qapp Ngg Lingqet nng xui tuandyrsux kir diamr Pneoo.

(2) Jionghuar ee tuandy

Quatding Pneoo suandy ee nng zit au, Duarsia Qauwhue iarr quatgi diyhh qiar jnii kir jyr Jionghuar tuann dyrliw ee loring. Jionghuar Qrex si quanrtniax ee soxjairde, vecsner jin' qowjib, qycc vaigua ee simx jin' zet. Qamx Bogsux qapp quixnarr xee sinwdoo, u qra langg' suer cur, qewik dirr jitt xee zuahtnix beh laii jiax vowdy. Qebinn tniax .diyc huisiongg siurkir, iarr hangxhuah qongxx, "Dikkag m jrunw inx kiw Iasoqaur ee vaiwdngg druar jiax. Tuann dyrliw ee qewik narr m suah, beh tiah cur, qycc hro inx byy snewmia."

Jex m si qandna' bongxx decc hangw nardnia, sidjai urngiaw beh anxnix qniaa. Soxiw qovutjiongx kir qnir diquan; mrquxx langg' byy beh cab. Qamx Bogsux dyrr vunxsinx jngr duiww jiaxee vyrbinn ee diongqanx .quer, kir qaur quanrtniax. Iarr byy qiyr langg' cua, diddit longr zip diquan ee lairdngg. Diquan knuar .qnir, suisii kiw laii gniajih. Byy pacsngr jitt xee diquan dyrr si veh nii jingg Qamx Bogsux bad ing qongvingg ee qanjingr laii vangjan ix ee langg. Dyrr si dirr 1878 nii, Bixqog junn vuthuad ee vuesiongw surqnia. Diquan dniardnia sniu diyc hitt diap jin' hyw qajair, soxiw jitt jun rair jin soxx e, laii hyw kuanxtai Qamx Bogsux. Dui' jitt xee diquan ee hyw ir, soxiw jiacc e tangx qenwlip Jionghuar Qrex tuandy ee qicow. Jex jinjniar si Siongrder ee inxcua.

Jitt xee 1886 nii, kaisiw tuandy dirr jitt nng soxjai, sidjai si jin' tangx hnuahiw ee su. In'ui jitt nng soxjai tuandy ee qinghuir, longxx si Daiuanlangg qaqi hurdamx.

18. Qenwsed Luxyc

Dingxbin ixqingx u qongw Liw Bogsux qapp Bogsuniuu pau jin' dua ee zedjingg air qenwsed luxyc. Liw Bogsux suizenn ixqingx byy dirr sewqanx, bogsuniuu iarr dyr kir inx vunxqog, jongw .si qenwsed luxyc ee su e sidhen. Liw Bogsuniuu dyr .kir ee jit guehzit au, dirr Sinlauu ee danglamqag, luxyc ee sinx haursiar qenwdiog uansingg. 1885 nii Jabzi-guec, Jux Iok'anx (Miss Joan Stuart) qapp Bunn Anx (Miss Annie Butler) nng xui qoniuu sna' cua qaur Daiuann. Diongyc kaised ee nng nii au, 1887 nii Zi-guec jap-sir, luxyc dyrr kaihau. Dirr diongyc, hagsingx jit nii qandna' lap veh kox ginn; sidhuir, sioksiawliau qapp sensnelew longxx jairlai. Luxyc qandna' siux jitt xee jin' m jniaa mic ee jidvnuar (sir kox), mrquxx verbyw iaxx si jin' m guan uirdiyhh inx ee jaboxginxaw laii kaix jnii.

Jux Qoniuu qapp Bunn Qoniuu kaised luxyc dongcox, hagsingx jap-veh miaa. Beh laii tak luxyc jixu jit hxang iauwqiuu, iauwqinw diyhh m tangx vak kax. Kixtauu haghau soxx qar ee tingdo jurzenn si qe qe, mrquxx u jiamrjiam jinwvo.

Ban Jinjux Qoniuu (Miss Margaret Barnett) dirr qeh nii (1888) Jabzi-guec qaur Dailamm, snaqab hurdamx luxyc ee qangx. Jitt snax xui qoniuu dirr luxyc ee qangx, si jiauww lunliuu. Narr jit xee quanxliw luxyc, hitt nng xee dyrr rair kir cauxde srunn qauwhue, iacc si kir qar iquanw ee huanrjiaw.

1896 nii iarr sed huryc, tangx qar jiax ee hurzinlangg tagceh, vuengiuw inx ee sinwsimx. Au .laii Ban Qoniuu kacc juansimx jyr jitt xee qangx, iarr jin' qutlat siwqer hongxbun sniaa-lai jerje qadingg.

(Quanhe luxyc ee su, kacc au beh qycc siaw.)

19. Suanqauwsux ee jingqax

In'ui venrgii siong, dirr dingxbin u qongw 1888 nii, Ban Qoniuu qaur Dailamm. Siysiang hitt nii ee Jabzi-guec, Loo Qabinw Isingx (Dr. Russell Gavin) iarr laii Daiuann. Songr Diongqenx Bogsux (Rev. Duncan Ferguson) 1889 nii Jap-guec ceveh qauwui; zen'au u crua jit xui luxisingx jyr bogsuniuu. Vax Bogsux derr zi vaiw dyr kir hiyckunr ee sii, qapp jit xui u juqeh ee kanwhorhu qethunx. Jitt nng xui bogsuniuu jurzenn iarr longxx u laii Daiuann jyr qangx.

1895 nii Jabzi-guec jap-veh, u snax xui sinx ee suanqauwsux dangjee qauwui. Dyrr si Muii Qambu Bogsux (Rev. C. N. Moody), Lann Isingx (Dr. D. Landsborough), qapp Liamm Diklet Bogsux (Rev. A. B. Nielson).

Jiauww qauwhue zinsor diaujax ee tongxqer, dirr 1886 nii ee singzinn hueruann u 1,584 miaa; dirr 1895 nii u qiamxjiyw, cunx 1,445 miaa. Inx u kacc giamm decc jingxliw qauwhue ee singwbingpo, dui' anxnix jiacc drir qaur qiamxjiyw. Jex dua vorhun si dirr hiaxee snuax-lai byy lingw byy siyx ee qauwhue.

Dingxbin qongw kiw u qetnix sinx ee suanqauwsux, jex si jin' tangx hnuahiw ee su. Mrquxx jitt diap diyhh qongw jit hxang ee qankow, dyrr si siauwlenn ee Loo Isingx quewsinx. Ix u gixhak ee jaidiau, jyr isingx, gauu tniar langg. 1890 nii Sir-guec, dirr diongvo Duarsia kuix iquanw, siongdongx u zinkir. Kyxsiyh 1892 nii Sir-guec, ziamw diyc dng'axvne. Kir qaur Jionghuar kiokk u kacc hyw. Songr Bogsux qapp Too Bogsux iarr dui' Dailamm kir jiauwqor ix, jongw .si u jiongxjiongw ee vutven, dyrr sniu rair sethuad hro ix laii Dailamm. Byy pacsngr qaur Qagi dyrr quewsinx. Jitt xee cinglenn iuxiong ee isingx zi-jap-go huer dyrr lirkuix sewqanx, sidjai kyxsiongx!

20. Hueqor jaxdai ee qauwhue

Sioggiw qongw, "Jyr su kixtauu lann", sidjai byy cyr. Dui' kaisiw tuandy qaur jitt sijun, taubuew snax-jap nii. Jitt diongqanx soxx qingquer ee qankow, sidjai jin' je; danrsi Siongrder soxx silyc ee inhui iarr sngr be liauw. Hitt jun Daiuann ee jinghingg si qautongx vutven, uersingx byy hyw, vecsner duiww Qidokqaur si huanxduir vongwdok, soxiw beh tuandy qenwsed qauwhue m si hiacc kuair. Jongw .si suanqauwsux u tuandy ee jingsinn, gauu zimxnai qankow qapp lingziok. Suizenn vikhai dyduanx, mrquxx qauwhue e did diyc qenwlip. Kaiqaur liauxau dyrr diogganw dirr Sinhaghau ee qenwsed, sidjai si jin' henbingg ee jywhuad. Qauwhue qapp qauwiok u jin' dua quanhe. Sed diongyc, sed luxyc, kuix cecvangg, jex m na si pah qenqor ee derqix, iarr u kuix huex, u qed jiw. Qauwhue kixtauu siurr langg vangjan, jongw .si m tangx quxdngg anxnix. Lanw dui' langg' did diyc dyrliw, iarr diyh'air qinw tuann hro vadd langg. Duiww Pneoo qapp Jionghuar ee tuandy, sidjai si dongzenn. Langg narr cud lat jyr, Siongrjuw e jiokhog. Jitt sidai ee senvuer zedlet tuandy, zimxkow-nairlyy; jitt kuanw ee sursit hro langg' tniax .qnir, byy m junqingr snex cud giongxbong.