derr go jniux

DERR 5 JNIUX

LUN HUIH QAPP HUICQNGW HERTONGW

Huih si sintew-lai jueww iauwqinw ee ik(?), in’ui jitt hy si vuengiuw singkux ee jid. Huih ee jok’iong kacc iauwqinw :ee u go hxang:

1. Jiong’ dui’ sidbut soxx did .diyc ee juxiongxliau, unrsangr qaur singkux ee jojid, laii vuengiuw tong’ singkux dagg soxjai.

2. Jiong’ sngsor (酸素, oxygen) unrsangr qaur singkux ee jojid. Langg hokib ee sii, osxx did .diyc ee sngsor, qapp singkux-lai vadd mic ee guansor siy’ hap, jiurr e hro sintew snix cud siyzet.

3. Si e hro tong’ singkux dagg soxjai u duxhyw ee siyly.

4. Huih e jiong’ dagg soxjai byy lirig singkux ee mic, sangr qaur e did cud .kir ee vorui. Cincniu hir, sinrjong, puee, jitt hy soxjai. Langg hokib ee sii, dui’ hir-lai hox cud ee krir u qnuaa tnuawsngx (炭酸, CO₂); iarr dui’ sinrjong u juiw qapp quixnarr kuanw ee jiksowhuawhabbut (窒素化合物, nitrogenous substances) vaii cud laii; iarr juiw qapp siyxkuaw byy loring ee iamhunx (鹽分, salts) qapp iuhunx (脂分, fats) si dui’ puehux vaii cud laii.

5. Huih e vuengiuw sintew ee jnuatew (腺體, glands). Jiaxee jnuatew uree snix hunviwmic (分泌物, secretion) laii vangjan sidbut siauwhuar; uree hunvir vadd kuanw ee hunviwmic.

Ing buew ee huih hro ix lrauu cud laii dirr vyrlequanr-lai, dirr guarbin ing vingx ur hro lingw. Hitt quanr-lai ee huih u knuar qnir snax jann: (1) dirr dingxbin jann si huicjniux, (2) dirr diong’ngx kacc cenw si vehhuicqiuu, (3) dirr erdew :ee si ciahuicqiuu (derr 49 doo). Dui’ anxnix tangx knuar, huih ee singhunx dairvorhun si jitt snax hxang laii jniaa.

Jiong’ huih iong henxbiqniaa laii knuar, jiurr jaix huih-lai u jin’ je ee huicqiuu (血球, blood corpuscles), qapp hitt hy kacc cringx ee jiab, qiyr juer huicjniux (血漿), iacc si huicjiab (blood plasma). Huicqiuu u nng jxingw, jit jxingw ciaksig, jit jxingw vehsig (derr 50 doo). Jiaxee huicqiuu si vutjiw ser ee mic, ngii ngii, vniw vniw, ciah :ee diong’ngx kacc tab. Ciacqiuu ee dua, didqingr si 0.0075 cubic millimeters. Setsuw hiaxee qiuu e vaii juer jit jua, qaur u Ingqog jit cunr dngg, diyhh 3,200 liap qiuu. Jit dih aw huih iokliok u jit-vah-bxan liap huicqiuu. Ciacqiuu ee giahsor dirr jit cubic millimeter ee huih ee lairbin u lak-vah-bxan liap qiuu, vehhucqiuu u cid-cingx. Dirr hurzinlangg ee huih, ciachuicqiuu u kacc jiyw damrvy.

Huih ee sig si angg, in’ui u hiacc je ciachuicqiuu dilehh. Ciacqiuu ee qong’iong si dui’ hir-lai did diyc sngsor, jiacc unrsangr qaur sintew dagg soxjai ee jojid.

Huih ee lairbin vehsig ee qiuu viw ciakqiuu kacc jiy; go-vah-liap ciacqiuu ee diongqanx u cavutdyx jit liap vehqiuu. Vehqiuu viw ciacqiuu u kacc dua damrvyc.

Singkux-lai ee huih si singkux ee dang jap-snax hxun ee jit hxun.

Huih u nng kuanw. Hitt hy huih dui’ simx ee jyxsig cud dirr dairdongrmec liuhingg qaur singkux, si cingkir ee huih, u sngsor dirr ix ee lairbin; jitt h huih qiyr juer dongrmehhuih. Iarr huih narr ixqingx u ngiuxci singkux, beh dydngw laii qaur simx qapp hiwjong, si uwuer ee huih, qiyr juer jingrmehhuih. Jitt xee si jixsig ee huih, in’ui u tnuawsngx dirr lairbin.

Huicjniux si e tangqngx, cringx cringx, byy simxmic sikdi ee mic, cinniu juiw ee kuanxsid. Huicjniux si juiw qapp ciam’isor (huicsix) (纖維素, fibrin) qapp hitt hy nngrvehjid, iamlui hiaxee laii juewjniaa :ee.

Huih narr lrauu cud singkux ee guarbin, jiurr jiamrjiam gingg jniaa qui’ der, si in’ui huicjniux-lai u ciam’isor (fibrin) dilehh (derr 51 doo), -- li singkux jiurr vnir qed jniaa qui’ der, qiyr juer huicder. Soxx cunx :ee cincniu juiw, qiyr juer huiccingx (血清, serum). Jitt xee huicder si jin’ iauwqinw ee loring; jiurr si langg narr diyhsiongx ee sii, huih lrauu cud qnir diyc kongkir, jiurr vniwjniaa huicder, laii trad huicqngw, hro ix be lrauu; narr byy, suizenn siongcuir si ser, ix e huih narr vutsii lrauu, jiurr drir qaur siw.

Jiong’ huih-lai ee huiccingx (serum) lrauu cud laii hro huih jniaa qui’ der ee guan’inx si cincniu siaw dirr erdew:

1. Zet qaur 120∘F. (49∘C.)

2. Byc did hro ix lrauu e dinxdang.

Ursii langg simjong u vni, laii drir qaur decc qiux kacc byy lat, huih qniaa be qinw, soxiw dirr huicqngw-lai gingg lehh.

Hro Huih be e gingg qui’ der, hitt xee gun’inx cincniu erbin:

1. Huih duw diyc lingw.

2. Huih kngr dirr uac ee huicqngw.

3. Huih camx digvet ee iamm la juer dxuix, cincniu sodii sulphas iacc si vingsiongg ee iamm, hitt xee huih kacc be gingg lehh. Huih diam diamm gingg lehh ee kuanxsid, u vailet dirr erdew:

Setsuw huih duxaw lrauu cud, jiurr ing dikcingw laii pah, huih-lai ciam’isor dnii dirr dig-aw, jiurr be e gingg lehh.

Huicsunkuann (血循環, Circulation of the blood):

Huih si dui’ simjong cud dairdongrmec, qingquer dongrmec qapp mngsewqngw, jiacc hunkuix kir dagg soxjai; ixqingx dui’ mngsewqngw quer, jiurr qycc zip jingrmec, iuguann dywdngw kir simjong nirr; auxnix qiyr juer huih ee sunkuann, (derr 59 doo).

Huicqngw u snax kuanw:

1. Derr id si decc qniaa dui’ simx qaur singkux dagg xui ee soxjai. Dirr lairbin u cingkir, angsig, sngsor, ee huih, miaa qiyr juer dongrmec (動脈, artery). Ix ee viah si kacc qau, iarr zun, e cunqiux. Dongrmec-lai ee huih ee aplik si qnuaii. Huih sunkuann ee soklik (速力, rate of flow) dirr dongrmehqngw-lai, jit diamxjingx cavutdyx 800 metres. Dirr jingrmec-lai soklik si kacc ban, dirr mngsewhuicqngw iauxx kacc ban.

2. Derr zi si decc qniaa dui’ singkux dagg xui ee soxjai qaur simx. Dirr lairbin u uwuer, tnuawsngx, kacc osig ee huih, miaa qiyr jingrmec (靜脈, vein). Ix ee viah si vyc vyc, iarr viw dongrmec kacc be cunqiux. Huih ee aplik kacc qe. Dirr singkux ee puee-xe, e kuair kuair knuar qnir jitt hy jingrmec (derr 52 doo).

Jiaxee jingrmec, uree u venrmoc (瓣膜) dirr lairbin; ix ee jok’iong si beh vangjan jingrmehhuih beh jnriu laii qui’ simx ee sii, hro ix jurqiw e tangx be duirlyc, iarr hro huih be trer .kir. Jitt xee moc qiyr juer jingrmehven (靜脈瓣, valves in veins; derr 53 doo).

3. Derr snax si derr id ser ee huicqngw qiyr mngsewhuicqngw (毛細血管, capillaries). Dirr jitt lairbin huih ee aplik si qe, sunkuann vnivnii ngr uaw simx hitt bin (derr 54, 55, 56 doo).

Lanw diyh e qir did dirr hiwdongrmec ee lairbin si uwuer ee huih, iarr dirr hiwjingrmec, suibongw si jingrmec, mrquxx u cingkir ee huih. Jitt xee si lergua, in’ui singkux-lai ee jingrmec-lai u uwuer ee huih, qanda’ hiwjingrmec-lai ee huih si cingkir.

Lun Simx: Simx ee hingtew, iokliok cincniu quntaubuw ee dua, dirr hingkamw-lai, hingkamxqud-xe kacc uaw dirr jyxvingg. Dingxbin kacc kuah, kacc ngr iurvingg; qiyr juer simdew (base); erdew ser qycc jiamx, kacc ngr jyxvingg, qiyr juer simjiamx (apex; derr 57 doo). Simx ee tew hro hir dar lehh. Simx ee guarbin u moc vaux lehh, si vutjiw qngqud qyc zun, qiyr simlongg (心囊, pericardium). Jitt xee simlongg si cincniu deaw decc vauuii simx (derr 78 doo). Simlongg ee lairbin si qut qut iur iur, diongqanx u simlong’ik vutjiw qut, soxiw simx decc tiaur decc dinxdang ee sii, be e lur pnaiw .kir.

Davolangg ee simx, singdingx ee sijun, dang u 300.o grms., jaboxlangg :ee 250.0 grms.

Simx ee tew jiurr si vutsuiiwqinx (不隨意筋) soxx jniaa :ee. Vutsuiiwqinx jiurr si langg soxx be e quanxhad .did ee qinbah. Simx ee qinbah hitt diong’ngx u jit dingg kiarviah, jiong’ simx hunx juer jyxiu nng vingg; iarr u tanxhnuaii ee viah, jiong’ simx hunx juer dingxe. Jitt dingxbin ee soxjai qiyr juer vongg(?) (房, auricle), erbin :ee qiyr juer sxig (室, ventricle). Soxiw simx-lai u vongg(?), qapp sxig, miaa qiyr jyxvongg, jyxsig, iurvongg, iursig (derr 57 doo). Jyxvongg, jyxsig e sna’ tongx, iurvongg, iursig iarr e sna’ tongx, mrquxx jyxiu byy sna’ tongx. Iurvongg si jriab dirr siongrdairjingrmec qapp hardairjingrmec ee soxjai. Jiaxee siongrha dairjingrmec ee huih si dui’ tong’ singkux unrhingg laii :ee.

Iurvongg qapp iursig ee diongqanx u jit xee ser ser kangx siy’ taur lehh. U snax iap ee moc, cincniu mngg laii juewjniaa :ee. Dagg xee mngg erdew u quixnarr diauu ee qinx vak lenn dirr simsig (心室) ee viah (derr 57 doo). Hiaxee qinx ee loring, si beh hro jiaxee snax iap qnuaix duxhyw. Jitt xee kangx qiyr juer snajiamvenrkangx, iarr jiaxee decc kuix-qnuaix ee iap, qiyr juer snajiamven (三尖瓣, tricuspid valve). Huih narr si dui’ iurvongg zip iursig hitt xee snajiamven jiurr kuix. Iursig jid’err qiux, hitt xee snajiamven jiurr qnuaix, soxiw huih be qycc lrauu dywdngw .kir. Iursig u qycc jit xee kangx, miaa qiyr hiwdairdongrmehkangx. Iursig narr jid’err qiux, jiong’ huih sag zip hiwdairdongrmec, dui’ hiwdairdongrmec vunx juer nng diauu zip dirr hir (derr 58 doo). Iursig ee huih zip hiwdairdongrmec, iarr be e lrauu dywdngw .kir, in’ui dirr hiwdairdongrmehkangx ee soxjai u snax iap vyc vyc ee moc cincniu vnuar guec ee kuanw, qiyr juer hiwdairdongrmehvuanwguadven (半月瓣, semilunar valves). Ix ee kuanxsid si cincniu sna xee lakdeaw.

Jyxvongg ee huih si dui’ hir laii. Jyxongg qapp jyxsig siy’ taur. Dirr jitt xee kangx u mngg, nng iap ee moc, laii juewjniaa :ee. Dagg xee mngg erdew u qinx, vak lenn dirr simsig ee viah, cincniu dirr iurvingg. Jitt xee kangx qiyr juer jingrbyrvenrkangx; iarr jiaxee iap qiyr juer nngrjiamven, iacc si jingrbyrven (僧帽瓣, mitral valve).

Jyxsig si simx derr id iauwqinw ee soxjai. Hitt xee hingtew ding qycc jat, qinbah iarr vutjiw qau. Hitt xee taur dairdongrmec ee soxjai, snax iap ee moc cincniu dirr hiwdairdongrmec, miaa qiyr dairdongrmehvuanwguadven (aortic valve). Huih dui’ jyxvongg zip jyxsig ixqingx drew qaur ciongmuaw, jyxsig ee jingbyrven jiurr qnuaix jyxsig jid’err qiux, jiurr jiong’ huih sagg cud dairdongrmec, dairdongrmehvuanwguadven jiurr qnuaix, huih jiurr dui’ anxnix hunkuix siwqer kir, sunkuann qaur dirr tong’ singkux.

Lun simx ee qinbah ee kuiwlat: Jiauww dingxbin soxx qongw vongg(?) ee loring si diyhh siux zip huih hro lyc sxig nardnia. Sxig ee loring si hro huih jnua cud liuhingg, soxiw diyhh ing kuiwlat kacc je. Ing vongg(?), sxig, laii sna’ viw, vongg(?) ee qinbah kacc vyc, sxig kacc qau; narr si jyxsig laii viw iursig, jyxsig ee qinbah kacc qau kacc e cud lat; jex iarr si u enqor, in’ui jyxsig hro huih jnua cud liuhingg tong’ singkux; iursig si hro huih qingquer hir nardnia, si kacc qin ee lo, jiurr kacc mrbenw cud kuiwlat. Jyxsig ee qinbah viw iursig :ee si dingvue qau; e qiux ee lat iarr si dingvue. Jyxiu ee sxig, lairbin ee iongjig duarser si cavutdyx vnii.

Huih decc liuhingg u vunx juer snax dnxua:

I. Derr id, si tong’ singkux ee huih unrhingg.

Huih dui’ hir zip simx ee jyxvongg, quer jyxsig, qycc cud dairdongrmec suar unrhingg dirr sintew dagg soxjai, aurlaii quer mngsewqngw, jiacc zip jingrmec, qaur simx ee iurvongg, quer iursig. Jitt xee qiyr juer juansinsunkuann (全身循環, systemic circulation), iacc si duarsunkuann.

II. Derr zi, si hiwhuih unrhingg.

Huih dui’ simx ee iursig cud hiwdairhongrmec, jiacc dui’ hiwjingrmec qycc zip simx ee jyxvongg, qiyr juer hiwsunkuann (肺循環, pulmonary circulation), iacc si siyxsunkuann. Kacc siongser laii qongw: Hiwdairdongrmec si dui’ simx iursig kiw vunx juer nng cxex, zip dirr jyxiu ee hir-lai. Dirr hir ee lairbin qycc vunx juer jin’ je ser diauu cxex, jiaxee qycc vunx juer qycc kacc ser diauu, jniajuer mngsewhuicqngw. Jiaxee mngsewqngw qycc siy’ hap vniwjniaa jingrmec, qycc habjniaa juer hiwjingrmec (肺靜脈, pulmonary veins); jyxvingg nng diauu, iurvingg iarr nng diauu, jiacc jiong’ huih sangr qaur dirr simx ee jyxvongg.

III. Derr snax, si vakdow-lai ee jingrmehhuih qingquer qnuajong ee unrhingg, qiyr juer bunmehsunkuann (門脈循環, portal circulation). Kacc siongser laii qongw: Jingrmehhuih dui’ ui, vii, vxag-lai ee jnuatew, dxngg, jiacc dui’ qnuax nirr quer, qycc zip erbin hardairjingrmec, jiac qycc zip dirr simx ee iurvongg. Qyckacc siongser, ---

Dui’ vakvordongrmec hunjix qaur ui, vii, dxngg, qnuax, jnuatew, jiaxee dongrmec vunx juer mngsewhuicqngw; jitt quixnarr xui ee huih, dairsingx qingquer ix soxx beh ngiuxci ee soxjai; aurlaii dui’ mngsewhuicqngw tongquer siyxjingrmec, jiacc e jingww siyxjingrmec qab juer jit xe, jiacc jniaa jit xee jingrmec qiyr juer bunjingrmec (門靜脈, portal veins; derr 59 doo). Jitt xee bunjingrmec zip dirr qnuax nirr, jiacqycc jit vaiw vunx juer jerje diauu mngsewhuicqngw. Jiaxee mngseqngw qycc siy’ hap, vnir jin’ je ser ser ee jingrmec, jiaxee vniwjniaa kacc dua diauu, miaa qnuajingrmec (derr 60 doo 19). Jiaxee qnuajingrmec (肝靜脈, hepatic veins) jiurr zip dirr hardairjingwmec (下大靜脈), jiurr jitt xee zip dirr simx ee iurvongg (derr 59 doo).

Dirr dingxbin II, III, ixqingx u qongw hiwsunkuann qapp bunmehsunkuann, qauwgiac siongser; dnaxx dirr jiax beh lun kiw juansinsunkuann kacc siongser.

Dairdongrmec si sintew-diongx derr id dua, derr id qenqor ee huicqngw, dui’ jyxsig kiw jnriu qnuaii, qycc lyhqe cincniu cnriu qringx ee hingjong; qiyr juer dairdongrmehqingx (大動脈弓, aortic arch; derr 60 doo). Dui’ dairdongrmehqingx htt soxjai vunkuix, zip nauw qapp taukag, amrqunw, miaa qiyr jongxqingrdongrmec (總頸動脈, common carotid artery). Hitt diauu sangr huih qaur siongrjix ee dongrmec iarr si dui’ dairdongrmehqingx kiw, miaa qiyr syxqut’erdongrmec (鎖骨下動脈, subclavian artery). Jitt diauu dongrmec qycc qniaa qaur dirr ciuw ee qyc’erkangdongrmec (腋窩動脈, axillary artery). Qaur dirr dingxbin jat ciuxdow miaa qiyr siongrpokdongrmec (上膊動脈, brachial artery). Qycc qniaa qaur erjad jiurr vunkuix juer nng diauu. Jitt nng cxex qaur dirr ciuw nirr jiurr uanx laii uad kir, vunkuix dirr dagg qix jngxtau’aw ee dongrmec (derr 62 doo). Dairdongrmec (Jiaxee dongrmec qaur taukag qapp siangx ciuw vunkuix liauxau) dui’ hxingx ee aurviah, qniaa quer dirr hnuaiqecmoc (橫隔膜, diaphragm) ee kangx zip dirr vakdow-lai, qiyr juer harhingdairdongrmec (下行大動脈, descending aorta), qaur dorjaii ee aurbin, jiacc vunx juer nng diauu (derr 61 doo). Dairdongrmec iauxx bue qaur qutvnuaa, u dongrmehjix vunkuix taur dirr ui, vii, sin, dxngg, qnuax. Dirr qutvnuaa hiax, vunx juer nng diauu qiyr juer jongxdngqutdongrmec (總腸骨動脈, common iliac arteries). Jiaxee qycc vunkuix, dui’ jiax qaur kaqud ee soxjai. Dirr duartuixqud hiax qiyr juer qoxdongrmec (股動脈, femoral artery). Dui’ jiax qycc qniaa qaur cikquanjad-au, miaa qiyr cikqokdongrmec (膝膕動脈, politeal artery). Iarr dui’ jiax qycc vunx juer nng diauu, qniaa qaur dirr kajngxtau’aw.

Dirr qinbah-lai, qapp singkux dagg soxjai, qycc vunx qaur jin’ ser diauu, miaa qiyr mngsewhuicqngw (毛細血管). Huih qaur jiaxee mngsewhuicqngw ee sii, byy loring ee mic dui’ hir, sin, puee, vaii cud lirkuix singkux. Jiaxee mngsewhuicqngw qycc siy’ hap, hitt diauu qngw siyxkuaw kacc dua jiurr vniwjniaa siyxjingrmec. Siyxjingrmec naxx qniaa naxx siy’ hap vniwjniaa kacc dua ee jingrmec, qaur lorbuew suar jriab dirr nng diauu dairjingrmec. Dingxbin dairjingrmec jriab dirr nauw, amrqunw qapp siongrjix ee huih. Erbin dairjingrmec jriab dirr harjix qapp vxag-lai ee huih. Jiw(Jitt?) nng diauu qiyr juer siongrdairjingrmec (上大靜脈, superior vena cava), hardairjingrmec (下大靜脈, inferior vena cava); iarr e unrsangr huih zip dirr simx ee iurvongg. Dua ee jingrmec si kacc siongg duer dongrmec snaqab qniaa.

Jingrmec viw dongrmec si kacc je qycc dua. Narr si jingrmec siursiongx puawlic, huih lrauu si ban ban. Setsuw dongrmec siursiongx, hitt xee huih jiurr ciwcir jnua, diddit lrauu .cud .laii. Derr 63 doo si jniawciuw jingbin ee pueerjingrmec.

Lun simjong unrdong, simjiamx pokdong: simx qiux ee sii huad cud simjong ee kuanxsid, qapp soxjai ee venwngua, jiurr si simx vnir qau, dua qycc ding. Ix ee simjiamx qiac qnuaii, laii jringx diyc habqud taujingg ee aurviah dywvingg, lingtauu-xe ee soxjai.

Simjong siongsiongg decc cunqiux. Dui’ cutsir qaur siw, simx vutsii decc pog, longxx byy tingg jit kig aw quw; simx narr hiyh, langg jiurr siw. Simx decc dinxdang ee huatdo si dniardiyc; nng xee vongg(?) dairsingx qiux jit xe, zen’au nng xee sxig jiacc qiux, jiurr hiyckunr jit diab aw quw, suisii jiurr qycc qiux jit xe; iuguann si dui’ vongg(?) dairsingx, zen’au dui’ sxig. Simx liongw vingg ee vongg(?) qiu’uaw ee sii, venrmoc kuix, jiurr jiong’ huih sag zip jyxiu ee sxig. Simx jyxvongg ee huih si dui’ siangx vingg ee hir laii; simx iurvongg ee huih, si dui’ singkux dagg soxjai laii. Simx liongw vingg ee sxig iarr qui’uaw ee sii, iursig ee snajiamven (三尖瓣) jyxsig ee jingrbyrven (僧帽瓣) jiurr qnuaix uaw .laii, hro huih be qycc lrauu dywdngw .kir. Soxiw iursig ee huih hro ix sag cud zip dirr dairdongrmec. Huih ixqingx cud jitt nng soxjai, dairdongrmec qapp hiwdairdongrmec ee vuanwguadven jiurr qnuaix, hro hiaxee huih be qycc lrauu dywdngw .kir; zen’au dongrmec iarr qiu’uaw, sag hitt xee huih hro ix qniaa jinwjingg.

Diyhh jaix simx iurvingg ee huih dikkag diyhh dairsingx dui’ hir qingquer, zen’au jiacc e qaur simx ee jyxvingg. Simx jyxvingg ee huih dihhh dyqingquer venww singkux, qapp jingrmec, jiacc e qycc dywdngw laii simx ee iurvingg. Simx jyxvingg ee huih si dongrmehhuih, in’ui jitt hy huih u dui’ hir nirr siux sngsor zip .laii, dui’ hir ee hiwjingrmec zip dirr simx jyxvongg.

Simx ee iurvongg, qapp iursig u byy cingkir ee huih, jiurr si jingrmehhuih, in’ui u tnuawsngx; jitt hy tnuawsngx si dirr hir-lai jiurr e lirkuix, aurlaii hox .cud .laii.

Lun simjong ee sniax: Simx pog jit xe e tniax qnir nng ngiu ee snia. Hnirkangx narr ngar dirr hxingx-jingg nirr, jiurr e tniax qnir lairbin ee sniax, jiurr si simx decc pg ee sniax. Dairsingx tniax qnir kacc ban quah(quaww?) ee sniax, jiurr si huih ciongx jingbyrven qapp snajiamven laii qnuaix ixqip simx ee qinbah decc qiux ee sniax. Derr zri xee sniax, si kacc qinw quah(quaww?) dew :ee, jiurr si huih dui’ dairdongrmec qapp hiwdairdongrmec qingquer, vuanwguadven qnuaix ee sniax. Zen’au jiurr jiamrsii hiyh diab aw quw.

Lun mec: Dng’ simsig qiux hitt sii liauxau, venww singkux ee dongrmec u huih ciongmuaw, soxiw siysuar dinxdang ix ee qinbah si qapp simx ee dinxdang siysiang. U soxjai hitt xee dongrmec puu kacc cud dirr puee erdew, hitt soxjai narr bongx, e jaix decc kixlyc, decc dinxdang. Ciuxnguaw ee vnix, dirr ziauqud erduanx ee soxjai qapp vinwvnix, e bongx mec, jaix ix ee kixlyc si qapp simx ee cunqiux sna’ jiapsuar juer. Mec kacc qin dirr simx, jiurr kacc dairsingx duer ix kixlyc, li simx kacc hng, jiurr kacc lorbuew duer ix kixlyc.

Simx pog ee huatdo byy dniardiyc, u iongw-lamw qinw-ban ee jingcax, lamhu lyxiur ee byy drangg. Qycc dagg langg ee qinw-ban byy siy’ drangg, jiauww singkux ee iongw-lamw laii venwngua ee mec; soxiw isingx siongsiongg laii bongx mec tangx jaix singkux ee jinghingg. Jiauww vingsiongg ee huatdo dagg langg ee simjongx muixx jit hunjingx e tiaur 60 xe, jiww 80 xe, cexunn si 72 xe. Hurzeinlangg ee mehpog viw davolangg ee, kacc qinw damrvyc. Ginxaw ee simjong decc tiaur qyckacc qinw; laurlangg kacc ban. Jongw .si u langg mehpog kacc qinw, u langg kacc ban. Langg decc kunr si kacc ban, decc cud lat juewqangx si kacc qinw, anxnix knuar simx decc pog, suizenn u qinw-ban ee hunved, iauxquxx longxx byy tingg. Setsuw jit langg ee simx dinxdang, jit hunx ee diongqanx si pog 70 vaiw, jiurr si jit zit 100, 800 vaiw, dagg nii jiurr pok 36,792,000 vaiw. Suizenn pog qaur hiacc je vaiw, iauxquxx longxx byy sen.

Ursii langg qongw, simx longxx byy hiyckunr; jitt xee dairjir narr siongser laii qongw kiw, iarr e jaix simx urngiaw u hiyckunr ee sijun.

Simx decc pog, dui’ vongg(?) qiux, qaur derr zi vaiw qiux, sngx si simx ee sunkuann. Jitt xee sunkuann jit vaiw ee siqanx si jit biyw ee jap hxun veh ee quw.

Simsunkuann ee siqii si jiauww erdew:

Dirr 8/10 biyw ee diongqanx vongg(?) u hiyh jidvnuar kacc qex, sxig u hiyh jidvnuar, soxiw dirr 60 biyw ee diongqanx, simx u hiyh 30 biyw kacc qex. Dirr jit diamxjingx quw, simx u hiyh 30 hunx kacc qex, dirr qui’ zit, simx u hiyh 12 diamxjingx quw kacc qex. Soxiw dui' anxnix laii knuar, simx u juewqangx, iarr u hiyckunr.

Dirr jiax beh qanxsingw laii qongw kiw taizii huicik ee sunkuann (derr 64, 65 doo). U quixnarr hxang diyhh e qir .did:

1. Taizii did diyc ngiuxci, si dui’ taivnuaa-lai ee huih, jiurr si dui’ laurbuw ee huih jiacc laii.

2. Jitt xee taivnuaa ee jok’iong, si dui’ laurbuw ee huih jiong’ ju’iongxliau qapp sngsor, unrsangr qaur taizii, hro ix did diyc ngiuxci.

3. Taizii ee hiwjongx iauxx bue sriu diyc kongkir ee ciongmuaw, soxx beh ing ee huih, si decc juer ngiuxci hiwjong ee loring, hro ix e jniasingg nardnia.

4. Iurvongg qapp jyxvongg u sna’ taur, jitt xee kangx qiyr juer nngrngikangx (卵圓孔, foramen ovale); cutsir liauxau, jap sxor zit jiurr qnuaix; qnuaix liauw, hitt xee kuann qiyr juer nngrngi’yx (卵圓窩, fossa ovlis; derr 57 doo).

Huih dui’ taivnuaa qniaa zip jaijingrmec. Dirr jaiduar u jit diauu jingrmec, qiyr juer jaijingrmec, nng diauu dongrmec qiyr juer jaidongrmec. Jitt diauu jaijingrmec, jiurr dui’ dorjaii zip taizii ee vakdow-lai, qniaa qaur hardairjingrmec, iarr jitt diauu zip simx ee iurvongg. Zip iurvongg liauw, jitt xee huih byy zip iursig, jongw .si dui’ nngrngikangx, zip jyxvongg, jiacc zip jyxsig, dui’ jyxsig cud dirr dairdongrmec qaur dirr singkux, mrquxx kacc je qniaa qaur taukag qapp siongrjix. Hitt xee jingrmehhuih, dui’ taukag qapp siongrjix, qniaa dui’ siongrdairjingrmec zip iurvongg. Iarr jitt hy huih suar zip iursig, hiwdairdongrmec. Hitdairdongrmec ee huih, damrvyc u zip hiwjong ngiuxci inx, iarr dui’ hiwjong zip hiwjingrmec iarr suar zip jyxvongg. Jongw .si hiwdairdongrmec ee huih kacc je qniaa dui’ digvet ee dongrmehqngw, zip dairdongrmehqingx. Jitt xee digvet ee dongrmehqngw (ductus artenosus), si iauxx bue cutsir jiacc u, cutsir liauxau jiurr qnuaix byy .kir. Dnaxx huih ixqingx u dui’ jyxsig qapp hiwdairdongrmec laii qaur dairdongrmehqingx, dui’ jiax liuhingg qaur harhingdairdongrmec, vakvordairdongrmec, qapp harjix. Jongw .si dui’ vakvordairdongrmec kacc je qniaa dui’ jaidongrmec, dui’ taizii ee dorjaii cud .kir, dirr jaiduar zip laurbuw ee taivnuaa. Dirr derr 65, 66 doo u qir jiaxee doo hro langg knuar iauxx bue cutsir, cutsir liauw, u sunkuann si jnaixngiu.

Dirr jiax si kacc lirven diyhh qongw kiw limvahertongw (淋巴系統, lymphatic system). Beh qongw kiw limvaqngw qapp limvajnuaa, ixqip dui’ dngg laii ee limvax.

Lun Li juer limvaqngw (淋巴管): Singkux cavutdyx dagg soxjai, m na u mngser ee huicqngw, iarr u vadd hy ee mngsewqngw, qiyr juer mngsewlimvaqngw. Mngsewhuicqngw si dui’ dua vuncex jiamrjiam naxx ser, zen’au dui’ qik ser :ee jiamrjiam naxx hap naxx dua. Mngsewlimvaqngw m si anxnix; kuanxsid si iur iur siwsnuar, dirr singkux, unn unn aw hap naxx dua.

Limvaqngw diong’ngx jerje soxjai u kiphut, ix ee duarser byy dniardiyc, uree dua cincniu hingrzinn, uree cincniu bixliap ee ser, qiyr juer limvajnuaa (淋巴腺, lymph glands).

Limvaqngw lairbin soxx lrauu ee ik(?), si cringx cringx cavutdyx cincniu huicjiab. Jiaxee limvaqngw, kacc je siy’ lenn hap juer jongxlimvaqngw taur dirr amrqunw ee jingrmec; soxiw hitt lairbin ee jiab e qapp huih sna’ camx (derr 67 doo).

Dirr vakdow-lai iarr u limvaqngw jerje ee, qiyr dxngg ee limvaqngw. Dng’aw liammoc m si qngx qngx, si cincniu ziongmngg ee kuanxsid, u cir cir iur iur. Dirr ziongmngg ee lairbin u mngsewhuicqngw, ixqip mngsewlimvaqngw (derr 44-46 doo). Jiaxee limvaqngw si dui’ dxngg, laii kipsiux ixqingx siauhuar ee iuu, qaur dirr qngw-lai cincniu lingx ee vec vec, lyy lyy, soxiw ursii jiacc qiyr juer lingmueqngw (乳糜管, lacteal; derr 48 doo). Jiaxee lingmueqngw siy’ hap juer kacc dua ee limvaqngw; jitt xee qniaa jnriu kir qingquer hingkamw qaur amrqunw, zip dirr amrqunw ee jingrmec. Dui’ jiax hitt xee limvaik (lingmueik, lymph) cud dirr jingrmehhuih. Dui’ amrqunw jitt diauu jingrmec qniaa qaur hingkamw-xe, qapp vadd diauu jingrmec siy’ hap, juer siongrdairjingrmec; iarr jitt diauu suar zip dirr iurvongg, jiacc qingquer hiwsunkuann qapp juansinsunkuann, liamvnix e qaur singkux dagg soxjai.

Limvajnuaa e loring jit hxang si decc qor singkux ee kuiwlat. Setsuw narr u simxmih sewkunw (細菌, bacteria) zip dirr singkux-lai, byy quw e zip dirr limvaqngw, iarr diyhh quer limvajnuaa. Decc quer ee sii, jiaxee limvajnuaa u kuiwlat tangx tau siw hxee sewkunw. Narr si htt xee limvajnuaa e kuiwlat byy qraur, sewkunw e qycc qniaa, qycc tnuar, iacc si limvajnuaa e snix lang’iongg. Jex sngr si limvajnuaa sux. Narr jngxtau’aw u snix tniar, hitt xee snix tniar ee dogkir e zip dirr limvaqngw-buew, dui’ jiax qniaa qaur limvajnuaa ee soxjai. Tauu jit xee jiurr si diuxquanjad ee lairvingg ee limvajnuaa, derr zi si qyc’erkangx ee limvajnuaa. Ix soxx qniaa ee lo e henw cud dirr puehux, qui’ jua angg angg. Jitt xee jiurr si dui’ limvaqngw huat’iam. Huat’iam ee sii ciuw e tniar, qyc’erkangx ee limvajnuaa iarr e tniar (derr 68, 69, 70 doo).