DERR ID JNIUX
SINGKUX POXTONGX EE QOWJY
Qaixpywhak (解剖學, anatomy), jiurr si kyhak (科學, scienece) ee jit hxang, ix ee bogdig si beh qangxqiur singkux ee qowjy (構造).
Singlixhak (生理學, physiology), koirr so lujal ee kot jxang, ix ee bogdig si beh qangxqiur sinkux dagg soxjai ee jok’iong (作用, function). Singkux si quixnarr dingxhy ee jid laii jniaa :ee, iarr dagg hxang u dgvet ee qowjy qapp jok’iong. Jiaxee qiyr juer kxir (器), cincniu jic si birkir, hiwjong si hokipkir, ui si siauhuawkir ee jit vorui.
Singkux hun juer (1) kuqanr (軀幹), qapp (2) suwjix. Kuqanr si tauu, qringx (amrqunw), hxingx, vxag, ee sir vxo. Suwjix si siongrjix, harjix, ee nng vxo, laii duw kuqanr.
Tauquar (頭蓋, skull) u quixnarr der qut laii habjniaa :ee, lairbin kangkag, tangx drew nauxcuew ee loring.
Tauquar qapp jikjuiqud (脊椎骨, spinal column) qaujiab ee soxjai, si jikjuiqud ee dingxduanx (上端). Jitt xee jikjuiqud si dirr singkux ee diong’ngx, cincniu tiau-aw. Jitt xee tiau-aw-lai u kangkag ee qngw, decc drew jikcuew (脊髓, spinal cord). Jitt xee jikcuew si qapp nauxcuew sna’ lenn, hro moc vauuii; iarr dirr moc qapp jikcuew ee ding’ngx, u nauxjikcuexik (腦脊髓液, cerebrospinal fluid).
Singkux-lai u nng xee dua qngw, iacc si kangdong (腔洞), hy juer sidbudsingwqngw (植物性管, jingg qngw); dongrbudsingwqngw (動物性管; au qngw; derr 1 doo). Jiaxee qngw-lai u drew singkux ee jongrkir ee duarvorhun. Jitt xee dongrbudsingwqngw, dirr kuqanw ee aursiongrvo, drew sinqingx ee diongcukiwquanx (中樞器官, central nervous organ), jiurr si tauquar-lai, qapp jikjuiqud-lai ee nauxcuew, qapp jikcuew. Sidbudsingwqngw dirr kuqanw ee jingharvo, dunxjig ing’iongw, snitnuar ee kiwqu, jiurr si dui’ cuir qapp pnirkangx kiw, qaur qongbunn qapp ziyrdyrkauw uijiw; iarr hunx juer hxingx, qapp vakdow.
Sidbudsingwqngw qiy juer jitt xee miaa ee lixkir si jiauww erdew: “sit” zri ee qexsueh si jaijingr; iwsur si jiahmic zip dirr uirdngg, aurlaii siauhuar, laii ngiuxci dagg xui, huatsnix ix ee jojid, laii jniaa juer langg ee sintew; cincniu jiw ia dirr too nihh, huad qui’ jangg ciu.
Hingkamw-lai u simjong (心臟), hiwjongx (肺臟). Vakdow-lai u qnuajong (肝臟), ui, siyxdngg, juirjong (膵臟, pancreas), vijong, sinrjong, vongqongx, qapp singsidkir (生殖器, organs of generation) ee jit vorhun.
Hingkangx qapp vakkangx ee diongqanx, u jit der bah, juer qecviah, qiyr juer hnuaiqecmoc (橫隔膜, diaphragm).
Singkux-gua u puehux vauuii. Singkux-lai ee jongrkir, iacc si jongrkir ee qngw-lai u liammoc (粘膜, mucous membrane), decc kamr inx lairbin ee cniuviah, cincniu cuir-lai u liammoc dilehh.
Sewvaux (細胞, Cell). Uahmia ee kixtauu, si dirr sewvaux, bylun ciu-aw, dongrbut, ix ee uahmia si dui’ dirr ix ee lairbin u uac ee sewvaux. Jitt hy sewvaux u quixnarr hxang ee kuanxsid, jiurr si qokk vorui byy siysiang, soxiw ix ee jok’iong byy siysiang; jongw qongw ix u quanlingg tangx kipsiux ju’iongxliau, iarr u quanlingg tangx vaii cad byy loring ee mic, iarr u tangx huad kiw, iarr u qycjaiww snix ee lat. Iwsur si u hitt hy tangx qycc snix sewvaux cinciu qaqi.
Sewvaux u snax hxang ee mic laii jniaa :ee. Jiurr si guarbin u vyc vyc ee viah. Dirr viah ee lairbin si liamm liamm naxx cincniu cringx juiw ee jid, qiyr juer guanhingjid (元形質, protoplasm). Dirr jitt xee guanhingjid ee diong’ngx u kacc qau ee jid cincniu jit liap, qiyr juer sewvauhut (細胞核, nucleus; derr 2 doo, 1 A, B, CH). Jitt xee sewvauhut qapp guanhingjid u kipsiux ee jok’iong, iarr u qycjaiww snix ee jok’iong. Singkux longxx si hro sewvaux jniaa :ee.
Singkux narr kipsiux ju’iongxliau si dui’ ix ee sewvaux, cincniu ui ee sewvaux, qapp dxngg ee sewvaux, hir ee sewvaux. Singkux narr vaii cud byy loring ee mic, longxx si dui’ sinrjong, hiwjong, puehux ee sewvaux, u jitt hy jok’iong. Singkux-lai ee jnuatew hunvir quixnarr dingxhy ee hunviwmic (分泌物, secretion), longxx si dui’ jiaxee jnuatew ee sewvaux, jiacc e anxnix.
Sewvaux u quixnarr kuanw :ee, ix ee hingjong byy drangg, uree dngg :ee, uree ngii :ee, uree siwqag :ee, uree u xmngg cincniu hokipkir ee jit vorui (derr 2 doo).
Singkux-lai u jiaxee sewvaux dairsingx decc uac ee sii gauu huntnuax naxx quw naxx hunx, qaur hitt xee sii u qauwgiac tangx juer singkux ee loring, jiacc hunved juer quixnarr kuanw: sinqingsewvaux laii jniaa sriok dirr inqingx ee mic; hokipsewvaux laii jnii hokipkir. Jiaxee quixnarr jap bxan ee sewvaux snaqab laii draur janwsingg hro singkux did diyc uahmia ee lirig.
Singkux-lai qunbah ee sewvaux narr longxqiongx snadangg jiauww ix ee jok’iong, e hro singkux e dinxdang. Sinqingsewvaux jikju juer sinqingjojid; jiaxee narr jongxqiong snahyy jiauww ix ee jok’iong, e hro langg diqag (知覺) jiurr si gauu sniu, sethuad, iarr u quanlingg tangx jaix singkux-gua ee mihqnia si jnaixngiu; iarr dui’ jiaxee sinqingsewvaux ee jok’iong, langg e hunved pangx-caur, qngx-amr, u sniax byy sniax. Qycc jit kuanw ee sewvaux jikju juer hokipkir; jiaxee e hro langg dui’ kongkir did diyc sngsor (酸素). Huih ee sewvaux, ciachuicqiuu e kipsiux sngsor sangr qaur singkux dagg soxjai.
Jiaxee dagg dingxhy ee sewvaux snahyy, qokk xee habhyy jiauww ix ee jok’iong qniajuer, e hro qui’ singkux huadpuad, iongxqnia.
Narr beh qangxqiur sintew ee su, diyhh knuar ix u quanlenn jok’iongg ee jongrkir, laii jibhap juer jit lui, iacc si vxo, iacc si hertongw (系統, system). Singkux ee hunlui jiauww qir dirr erdew:
1. Qud hertongw (骨系統, Bony system).
2. Qunbah hertongw (筋肉系統, Muscular system).
3. Siauhuawkir hertongw (消化器系統, Digestive system).
4. Hokipkir hertongw (呼吸器系統, Respiratory system).
5. Huicqngw hertongw (血管系統, Circulatory system).
6. Viwziorkir hertongw (泌尿器系統, Urinary system).
7. Sinqingx hertongw (神經系統, Nervous system).
8. Singsidkir hertongw (生殖器系統, Generative system).
9. Kipsiukir hertongw (吸收器系統, Absorptive system).
10. Vaisetkir hertongw (排泄器系統, Excretory system).
11. Gnoxquankir (五官器, Organs of special sense).
Sintew si sewvaux qapp hiaxee sewvaux ee dionqanx sna’ lenn ee jid, jiurr si digvet ee qetdewjid (結締織, connective tissue), laii jniaa :ee. Jiaxee sewvaux qapp qetdewjid laii hap juer dxuix. Sewvaux ee jok’iong narr snadangg, hiaxee sewvaux laii jniaa juer jidtew. Anxnix jiaxee sewvaux qapp qetlenn digvet ee qetdewjid qiyr jyr jojid (組織, tissue). U quixnarr kuanw ee jojid, cincniu qutjojid, sinqingjojid, jnuatexjojid, qunbacjojid. Cincniu nauw ee jojid, kacc je si hro sinqingsewvaux qapp tuandyrkir (傳道器) laii jniaa :ee; vauhamm laii qongw si sinqingjojid.
Dingxbin qongw kiw sewvaux u quixnarr kuanw. Singkux-lai ee jnuatew ee lairbin u sewvaux jin’ je, jiaxee sewvaux vauhamm laii qongw si sewvaujojid (細胞組織, cellular tissue).
Puehux nng jann ee erdew u jit jann qiyr juer qetdewjid. Jitt xee qetdewjid si jojid ee jit kuanw. Nng xee jongrkir sna’ lenn ee diong’ngx, qud bah sna’ uaw ee soxjai, longxx u qetdewjid. Qniwnarr qunbah, jongrkir ee lairbin, dagg xui u qetdewjid laii vau’ix, soxiw narr jiong’ dagg xee jongrkir itjin druu .kir, dagg hxang ee kingkag iuguann dilehh.