DERR 10 JNIUX
LUN GNOXQUANKIR
Gnoxquankir si sinqingx buexliux (jiongkir) ee kiwqu, hro langg tangx jaix iacc si hunved guarlaii ee su. Jiaxee kiwqu sriu diyc ciwqig, jiurr tuann qaur duarnauw, dui’ anxnix e jaix guarbin ee su.
Gnoxquankir si ciokkir (觸器, touch), birkir (味器, taste), hiuwkir (嗅器, smell), tingwkir (聽器, hearing), sirkir (視器, sight). Gnoxquanx si ciokqag (觸覺, sense of touch), birqag (味覺, sense of taste), hiuwqag (嗅覺, sense of smell), tingwqag (聽覺, sense of hearing), sirqag (視覺, sense of sight).
Puee-lai dagg soxjai u sinqingx, soxiw bongx mic e liamvnix hunved cox-iur, siyx-lingw, gni-nngw, iarr e hunved mic ee kuanxsid; jongw .si dagg soxjai ee puee be vnivnii hunved; jngxtau’aw-buew qapp cuiwdunpuee kacc gauu hunved. Lanw kacc siongg si uaxkyr bagjiux laii hro lanw jaix mic si ngii, iacc si siwqag, iacc si qnuaii-qe. Lanw tangx ing bagjiux knuar ceh, cnimii :ee, be; soxiw Seqoklangg u virvan ceh, ix ee zirhingg congr puu :ee, cnimilangg narr ing jngxtau’aw bongx, e hunved hitt xee zri, laii tak.
Gnoxquanx ee jit hxang jiurr si ciokqag (觸覺, veh’ue qiyr juer bongx).
Dirr puehux ee lingtauu, u ciokqaksiytew (觸覺小體, tactile corpuscles); iarr dirr cuiwjic qapp pnirkangx-lai u vadd mic ee jiongkir.
Decc qangxqiur derr id gauu hunved ciokqag ee soxjai, diyhh ing qiciax laii ciwgiam jiurr e jaix; dirr singkux ee diongqanx jihjiamx derr id binxjet; ciuxdow qapp duartuiw siongrr dun.
Cuiwjic ee qong’iong, jiurr si hro langg e hunved jubi, jitt xee qiyr juer birqag. Jihbin u snax hy ee cir, qiyr juer jic ee duarlingtauu (乳頭), dionglingtauu, siyxlingtauu (papillae). Qiyr juer lingtauu, si in’ui qapp langg ee lingtauu siyxkuaw sna’ cincniu (derr 102 doo). Duarlingtauu iokliok u veh jiww jap-zi liap nardnia, dirr jic ee aurbin hitt vnuar ee diong’ngx vailet cincniu 人zri. Dionglingtauu viw duarlingtauu kacc je, siwsnuar vailet dirr jic ee bin, jongw .si dirr jihjiamx, viw jic-au kacc je. Siyxlingtauu dirr jic ee taujingg jidvnuar, narr ing henxbiqniar laii knuar u cincniu iur iur, qik ser ee xmngg. Jic ee diong’ngx u dongrmec, jingrmec, sinqingx; qycc u ser ser ee nuarjnuaa, snix nxua laii lunrdik jic.
Dirr jiaxee lingtauu ee lairbin, u digvet ee jiongkir, qiyr juer birqaksiyxtew (味覺小體, taste-buds; derr 102 doo). Ix ee loring si decc hunved jubi. Jiaxee birqaksiyxtew-lai u sinqingx ee buexliux. Setsuw he mic dirr jic-dingw, narr ixqingx huar .kir, hitt xee jubi kuair kuaix jaix. Narr iauxx bue snruar, diyhh tingwhau qaur hitt xee hunw hro nxua snruar .kir, ix ee bi ee ciwqig jiacc e qamxqig diyc birqaksiyxtew. Jitt xee ciwqig e tuann qaur duarnauw decc quanw jubi ee soxjai; dui’ anxnix langg e hunved jubi. Pni qapp jubi u sna’ lenn ee quanhe; narr jitt xee m hyw, hitt xee iarr m hyw .kir; ciucniu narr qamw .diyc, pnirbi kacc be bingg, jubi iuguann kacc m jaix.
Hiuwkir (嗅器) si decc quanxliw pnirbi, qiyr juer hiuwqag. Hiuwkir u vunx juer guarpni, qapp lairpni. Cuthen dirr bin nirr si guarpni; siukngr dirr qutkangx ee lairbin si lairpni. Guarpni ee kuanxsid, dagg qog byy drangg. Diongqoklangg ee pnirniuu si kacc vnii, Seqoklangg :ee si kacc qnuaii. Pnirniuu erdew si pnirjiamx, pnirjiamx ee vnix:a si pnirsit, jiamr ee erbin si pnirdew.
Pnirdew u nng kangx qiyr juer pnirkangx; kangx ee lairbin u huad xmngg, si hokib ee sii, tangx der kongkir-lai ee din’aix, benw did hro ix zip kir laii siongx diyc hir.
Dirr pni-lai u pnirqud qapp pni ee nngxqud laii jniaa :ee.
Lairpni si dui’ guarpnirkangx kiw, qaur entauu uijiw. U jingg ee pnirkangx, qapp au ee pnirkangx.
Pni-lai u jit xee qecviah, si qud qapp nngxqud laii juewjniaa :ee, vunx pnirkangx juer jyxiu vingg. Jitt xee viah qiyr pnirdiongqeh (鼻中隔, nasal septum; derr 15 doo).
Dirr pnirkangx-lai diong’ngx ee soxjai, qiyr juer hokipvo, si kongkir cutzip ee lo. Dingxbin ee soxjai miaa qiyr juer hiuwvo; dirr jiax u sinqingx snruar snruar vailet dirr liamoc-lai, si tangx hunved pangx-caur (derr 103 doo). Pangx-caur ee ciwqig qapp hokib, zip dirr pnirkangx-lai qamxqig diyc hiuwsinqingx ee buexliux. Jitt xee ciwqig u tuann qaur duarnauw decc quanw pni ee soxjai; dui’ anxnix, langg e hunved pangx-caur. Mic ee bi narr byy bingg, langg air sngh pnirkangx-lai. Jitt xee lixkir si narr anxnix juer, kongxkir kacc je, qapp hitt xee bi kacc je, e zip pni-lai, hrolangg tangx kacc bingg hunved pangx-caur.
Tniax ee kiwqu qiyr juer tingwkir (聽器); si decc quanxliw tingwqag. Tingwkir vunx juer guarhni, dionghni, lairhni (derr 104 doo).
Guarhni jiurr si dui’ guarbin kiw, qaur qoxmoc (鼓膜, membrana tympani) uijiw, vunx juer hnirsit qapp guartingwdy (外聽道).
Hnirsit si guarbin soxx e knuar qnir ee mic, ursii qiyr juer hniraxdunn. Jitt xee hnirsit si puee vaux nngxqud laii jniaa :ee.
Hitt xee hnirkangqngw qiyr juer guartingwdy, si dui’ guartingwdy-kauw kiw, qaur qoxmoc uijiw, cimx cavutdyx jit cunr.
Dirr guarhni qapp dionghni ee diong’ngx u jit dingg moc jac lehh, qiyr juer qoxmoc (membrana tympani).
Dionghni jiurr si jit kangx cavutdy sir!go millimetre ee cimx. Hitt diong’ngx u snax der ser ser ee qud sn’a lenn, sna’ uaw. Dionghni ee erdew u jit diauu qngw, taur qaur entauu, qiyr juer Ngiusirqngw (Eustachian tube; derr 104 doo E). Dirr dionghni ee lairbin viah, u nng xee kangx, cavutdyx cincniu jit laip bec ee dua. Jiaxee kangx ee jit xee, hro jit der ser der qud laii juer mngg (derr 104 doo o); qycc jit xee, hro moc jac lehh (derr 104 doo r); nng xee kangx longx taur qaur lairhni.
Dirr lairhni u snax xee vnuar kuann ee qngw, qiyr juer snavnuawquiqngw (三半規管, three semi-circular canals). Iarr qycc jit xee qngxlee ee qngw, qiyr juer ogiukag (蝸牛殼, cochlea). Lairhni ee snavnuawquiqngw qapp ogiukag ee lairbin, longxx u igtew cincniu juiw ee kuanxsid. Tingwsinqingx ee buexliux iarr dirr hiax (derr 104 doo).
Lun tniax .qnir ee huatdo: Dnaxx jitt xee qikaw ee kiwqu, ixqingx ven, jnaixngiu e tniax .qnir? Diyhh dairsingx liyc liyc aw girlun snia’imx ee lixkir, jiurr jitt xee tniax ee huatdo kacc e hiauw .did. Ing jit der jiyhtauu narr dimr lyc juiw, liamvnix knuar qnir juixbin e juixhunn cincniu kuann, naxx kuix naxx kuah; cincniu anxnix mic narr sna’ kap .diyc, kongkir ee lairbin iarr u hrunn naxx un naxx dua; jongw .si kongkir ee hrunn, m si cincniu juixbin ee hrunn, vniw vniw ee kuann; kongkir :ee si dingxe jiuuii longxx u hrunn; narr si langg ee bagjiux be knuar qnir, in’ui kongkir si be knuar qnir ee krir. Jitt hy kongkir ee hrunn narr zip langg ee hnirkangx, kap diyc qoxmoc hro ix jinxdong (sicsih junr); uaw dirr qoxmoc nirr hiw(hitt?) snax der ser der ee qud duer ix dinxdang; dui’ jiw(jitt?) snax der qud tuann qaur lairhni ee juiw; juiw jiurr rig, hro tingwsinqingx jiaplap hitt xee hrunn, dui’ anxnix jiurr liamvnix e hunved snia’imx. Jex jiurr si tnia .qnir ee huatdo, jongw .si jitt xee jnaixngiu hro langg e tniax .qnir, si jin’ ywbiau, langg be jaix qaur hitt xee dexdir; si bxan hxang mic ee Jruw virvan dagg hxang hyxser longxx hap dirr langg ee kiamwkueh.
Dagg hy ee sniax longxx si dui’ hitt xee cud sniax ee mic decc jinxdong; jinxdong kacc ban, snia’imx jiurr kacc qe; jinxdong kacc qinw, snia’imx jiurr kacc qnuaii; narr si jinxdong sniu’ qinw iacc si sniu’ ban, langg ee hnirkangx jiurr longxx be tniax qnir hitt xee sniax. Sniax diyhh u kongkir laii inxcua qaur langg ee hnirkangx, jiacc e tniax .qnir, narr byy kongkir jiurr be tniax .qnir. Jit biauw(biyw?) ee diongqanx e cua qaur 110 dxng ee hng; cincniu vangr cingr ee sii, langg narr diamr dirr cingr-vnix nirr, kuix cingr jiurr liamvnix tniax qnir ix ee sniax. Narr hng nirr decc knarr, dairsingx knuar huew cud, tingg quixnarr biauw(biyw?) quw, zen’au jiacc tniax qnir ix ee sniax; jex si in’ui qngx viw sniax qniaa vutjiw kacc qinw; jit biauw(biyw?) ee diong’ngx, qngx e qniaa did lak-bxan lii ee hng; sniax jixu 110 dxng ee hng nardnia; soxiw dairsingx knuar qnir cingr dann ee huew, zen’au jiacc tniax qnir ix ee sniax; tangx anxnix liyc liyc aw qiksngr hitt xee cud sniax :ee si hng iacc qin.
Sirkir: Bagjiux ee loring si quanw knuar .qnir ee dairjir, qiyr juer sirqag (視覺); ix ee kuanxsid si cincniu qiuu, zip dirr bagjiu’yx ee soxjai; kuah cavutdyx jit cunr cimx qauw hunx (derr 15 doo). Ix ee uii u snax dingg; guardingg si qingmoc (硬膜, sclerotic), qapp qakmoc (角膜, cornea). Derr zi dingg si mehlogmoc (脈絡膜, choroid), qapp hongcaiw (虹彩, iris). Derr snax dingg si bangrmoc (網膜, retina; derr 105 doo).
Qingrmoc si ding qycc qenqor ee jid, decc vyxho lairbin kacc kuair siurhai ee mic. Qakmoc si e tangqngx ee moc, decc kamr dirr ganxqiuu taujingg ee lak hxun jid. Qakmoc-lai byy huicqngw. Qakmoc si dui’ limvaik laii sriu ix ee ju’iongxliau. Qakmoc u sinqingx ee buexliux jin’ je.
Mehlogmoc si kacc ojangsig. Dirr jitt dingg-lai ee huicqngw jin’ je. Mehlogmoc ee jok’iong si decc ngiuxci ganxqiuu. Iarr ix ee sikdi decc hro bagjiux-lai kacc amr.
Dirr qakmoc qapp juixjnitew ee diongqanx u cincniu ngii ee mnglii, hro juer hongcaiw (iris); kuah cavutdyx vnuar cunr; sikdi dagg langg byy siy’ drangg, u langg si ox, uree lamm(naa?), jangx, huexhux, ciah, quixnarr hy ee sig. Jitt xee hongcaiw ee diong’ngx u jit xee kangx qiyr juer dongkongw (瞳孔). Dongkongw ursii dua, ursii ser, si dui’ hongcaiw ee cunqiux; dirr qngx ee sox jai jiurr qiux ser, qiyr juer dongkongw siusiog (瞳孔收縮); dirr amr ee soxjai e crunx dua, qiyr juer dongkongw sanwdai (瞳孔散大). Narr dirr amwvangg cud kir jin(jin’?) qngx ee soxja, langg rair tnii zit; jex si in’ui dongkongw dua, qngx sniu’ je, soxiw cir bak; narr tingwhau diab aw quw qaur siusiog, jiurr be. Dirr qngx ee soxjai, hutzenn zip dirr amr nirr, kixtauu, knuar be bingg, tingg tiab aw quw jiurr e knuar qnir vutjiw hen; jex si in’ui dirr qngx nirr, dongkongw siusiog; zip amr nirr iauxx bue snawdai, qngx byy qauwgiac jiurr knuar be qnir, aurlaii sanwdai, jiurr naxx u knuar .qnir.
Jit diauu sirsinqingx si dui’ nauw kiw, jriab qaur ganxqiuu vyletexvongg ee aurbin, jiacc vunkuix laii juer vauganxqiuu ee lairdingg, jiurr si bangrmoc. Ganxqiuu lak hxun ee go hxun u vaux bangrmoc (網膜, retina). Bangrmoc suixbongxx si vyc vyc, iauxquxx tangx vunx quixnarr dingg. Narr ing qiamxganxqniar laii giam, e knuar qnir hitt bagjiux-lai ee sirsinqinglingtauu (視神經乳頭, optic disc); iarr e knuar qnir bangrmoc ee dongrjingrmec.
Juixjnitew qapp qakmoc ee diong’ngx u nng xee vongg(?), jenvongg (前房, anterior chamber) kacc dua, si dirr hongcaiw qapp qakmoc ee diong’ngx; horvongg (posterior chamber) si kacc ser, dirr juixjnitew qapp hongcaiw ee diong’ngx. Dirr nng vongg(?) ee lairbin, longxx u cincniu juiw ee jid, qiyr juer juixngiurik (水樣液, aqueous humor). Jitt xee juixngiurik sisiongg liuhingg, dui’ horvongg, quer dongkongw qaur jenvongg; iarr dui’ jenvongg kipsiux dirr jingrmec-lai.
Dirr juixjnitew ee aurbin, dirr juixjnitew qapp bangrmoc ee diong’ngx, u jit xee duarvongg, viw hitt dingxbin jenhorvongg kacc dua, miaa qiyr vyletexvongg (vitreous chamber); dirr lairbin u tangqngx ee jid, qiyr juer vyletew (vitreous).
Dirr qakmoc ee aurbin u jit liap, miaa qiyr juixjnitew (水晶體, “cingjux” crystalline lens). Jitt xee si cincniu siangx bin pongr ee vylee tauwqniar ee kuanxsid; ix ee loring si hro qngx e siarzip jiyr dirr bangrmoc. Jitt xee juixjnitew e qaqi kacc pongr kacc tab; knuar qin ee mic jiurr kacc pongr, knuar hng jiurr kacc vniw. Tangx ing nng qix vid liac dit laii cir knuar, jit qix li bagjiux lak cunr, jit qix li ciyh gua; decc knuar hitt qix hng :ee, qin :ee knuar byy sniaw bingg, si bu bu, narr knuar hitt qix kacc qin :ee, jiurr hng :ee kacc byy bingg; nng qix be vnivnii bingg, si in’ui knuar qin :ee, juixjnitew diyhh kacc pongr, knuar hng :ee diyhh hro ix nah kacc vniw. Mic narr sniu’ uaw, jiurr kacc qankow knuar, bagjiux e diamx.
Langg qaur kacc u huer juixjnitew jiamrjiam kacc vnii, qin ee mic jiurr knuar kacc byy bingg, soxiw laurlangg narr byy qruar bagqniar, knuar mic rair tec kacc kuix. Hitt xee juixjnitew ursii dngw lyy, langg jiurr cnimii; isingx e quah bagjiux tec cud juixjnitew; rix hyw liauxau diyhh qruar pongwbin tauwqniar ee bagqniar, laii ter juixjnitew, jiurr e knuar .qnir.
Bagjiux tangx hunx juer sir kuanw: jniawsirganw (正視眼, normal vision eye); uanxsirganw (遠視眼, far-sighted eye); qinrsirganw (近視眼, near-sighted eye; derr 106 doo); luanrsirganw (亂視眼, astigmatic eye).
Jniawsirganw si bagjiux jiaujngg hyw, jiurr si zidqngx ee vnihingsnuar (平行線) narr zip dirr bagjiux-lai, ix ee siydiamw (焦點, focus) si duxduxx dirr bangrmoc; soxiw langg e tangx knuar bingg (derr 106 doo A qapp derr 107 doo E).
Uanxsirganw jiurr si ganxqiuu sniu’ dew, soxiw zidqngx ee vnihingsnuar jiyr zip dirr bagjiux, ix ee siydiamw si dirr bangrmoc-au (derr 106 doo B qapp derr 107 doo H).
Qinrsirganw si ganxqiuu sniu’ dngg, soxiw zidqngg ee vnihingsnuar jiyr zip dirr bagjiux, ix ee siydiamw si dirr bangrmoc-jingg (derr 106 doo C qapp derr 107 doo M). Narr si anxnix jiurr knuar hng kacc byy bingg. Knuar mic rair tec kacc uaw bagjiux, soxiw qiyr juer qinrsirganw. Knuar derr 108~110 doo jiurr jaix.
Uanxsirganr, ganxqiur sniu’ dew; qinrsirganw, ganxqiuu sniu’ dngg; narr anxnix qanxsingr qir, jiurr kacc e qir .did.
Langg ee bagjiux narr uanxsirganw, diyhh qruar pongwbin tauwqniar ee bagqniar. Anxnix jiurr zidqngx ee vnihingsnuar ee siyiamw, e duxduxx dirr bangrmoc, jiurr e tangx knuar bingg (derr 111 doo).
Langg ee bagjiux narr qinrsirganw diyhh ing tapbin tauwqniar ee bagqniar. Anxnix jiurr zidqngx ee vnihingsnuar, ix ee siydiamw e duxduxx dirr bangrmoc, jiurr e tangx knuar bingg (derr 110 doo).
Zidqngx ee snuar narr jiyr zip bagjiux-lai diyhh qingquer jiaxee mic: qakmoc, jenvongg-lai ee juixngiurik, dongkongw, juixjnitew, vyletexvongg-lai ee vyletew; anxnix jiurr qaur bangrmoc.
Langg vutlun knuar simxmic mic, ix ee hingsiong dui’ dongkongw jiyr zip bagjiux-lai, ix ee sxiong jiyr dirr bangrmohbin, cincniu xui dirr hiax, jongw .si vutjiw ser; sirsinqingx jiurr tongvyr qaur nauxcuew, langg jiurr liamvnix hunved mic ee hingsiong qapp sikdi; jex jiurr si qiyr juer knuar .qnir (derr 112 doo).
Qokk hxang ee mic ee sxiong jiyr dirr bagjiux nirr quer kir liauw, ix ee sxiong iauxquxx dirr bagjiux nirr ee bangrmoc tingg jit tiab aw quw jiacc e byy .kir, be liamvnix byy .kir. Cir jiong’ jit qix juaxlenw diamw huew laii bruw hro ix sec, hitt xee qngx qingquer bagjiux, e knuar qnir cincniu ngii ngii ee kuann. Hitt xee huew tec .kir, huexiam diab aw quw u knuar .qnir. Jitt xee iurr si qiyr juer bangrmoc cunx sxiong.
Bangrmoc u soxjai kacc gauu knuar, u soxjai kacc be knuar. Sirsinqingx kiw, hitt soxjai e diong’ngx longxx byy knuar .qnir, si cincniu cnimii, qiyr bongdiamw (blind spot). Tangx ing juaw laii ui(uic?) nng diamw snax vaii, li nng~snax cunr, dui’ jyxbak ngx .kir, jiong’ hitt xee ui(uic?) diamw ee juaw tec li bgjiux jit ciyh hng, iurbak diddit siongr jyxvingg ee diamw, hitt sii e knuar qnir nng diamw longxx bingg, jiong’ hitt dniux juaw unn unn aw tec naxx uaw, aurlaii e knuar qnir jit diamw nardnia; jex si in’ui iurvingg diamw duxduxx jiyr dirr bangrmoc hitt xee bongdiamw, soxiw be knuar qnir, narr qycc tec kacc uaw jiurr iuguann qycc knuar qnir nng xee diamw.
Bagjiux si vutjiw vyxvuer ee mic, soxiw virvan dagg hxang jiauvi laii vyxho ix. Bagjiuzinn cimx zip bgjiu’yx, nng vingg qapp dingxe longxx u qinx suiven tangx dngxlunn; anxnix narr air knuar binrjingg ee mic, iacc si vnitauu ee mic, mrbenw siongsiongg uat tauu, narsaiw jit xee dngxlunn jiurr tangx knuar qnir (derr 113 doo). Bagjiux dingxe hamx u puee cincniu mngg, ekuix, e hap, narr u simxmic mic decbeh zip, jiurr qaqi e nih laii vyxho bagjiux.
Bagjiux ee taujingg dui’ qakmohqniii kiw, qaur dirr lanw bagjiux knuar e qnir ee vec vec uijiw ee vehmoc, qiyr juer ganxqiuqetmoc (眼球結膜, bulbar conjunctiva). Jitt xee qetmoc huanxdngw sun ganxqiamw lairbin vingg laii qniaa qaur ganxqiamxqnii, qiyr juer ganxqiamxqetmoc (眼瞼結膜, palpebral conjunctiva).
Bagjiupuee ee qnii, u bagjiacmngg, si hro din’aix kacc be zip. Bagqnii iarr u jnuatew decc cud damrvyc iuu, hro ix be siy’ liamm.
Bagjiu’yx dingxbin ee vorui, guarbin vingg, u bag’iujnuaa, iacc si qiyr juer luirjnuaa (淚腺, lachrymal gland), cavutdyx cincniu hingrzinn ee dua; ix ee jok’iong si e snix luirik (bag’iuu) laii siongsiongg lunrdik bagjiux (derr 114 doo). Bagjiux ee dingxe ganxqiamw ee lairqag u jit xee ser kangx, qiyr juer luirdiamw (淚點, puncta lachrymalia). Jitt nng xee luirdiamw taur nng diauu qngw qiyr juer siyxluirqngw (小淚管, canaliculi), jiacc qetlenn juer jit diauu qngw zip dirr luirlongg (淚囊, lachrymalsac). Dui’ jiax u qycc jit diauu qngw qiyr juer pnirluirqngw (鼻淚管, nasal duct). Bag’iuu dui’ jiaxee qngw lrauu lyc pnirkangx-lai. Narr tikaur, bag’iuu sniu’ je lrauu be lyc, jiurr muaw cud dirr bin. Qiamxcaiw ingx diyc bagjiux, liamvnix u bag’iuu kacc je lrauu cud laii sew cud kir. Jitt xee iarr si huanxingwjok’iong ee jit hxang. Ingx .diyc ee sii bagjiux e tniar, jitt xee tniar ee ciwqig jiurr dui’ diqaksinqingx tuann qaur duarnauw. Duarnauw jiurr qangr bingrling lyc kir qaur luirjnuaa, qah ix diyhh vaii cud bag’iuu laii druu kir hitt xee ngirbut, tangx vyxho bagjiux.