derr qauw jniux
DERR 9 JNIUX
SINQINGX HERTONGW
Sinqingx si decc juxjnaiw sintew dagg soxjai jok’iong ee qiquanx, u hunx juer:
1. Diongcukiwquanx (中樞器官, central nervous organ).
2. Tuandyrkir (傳道器, conducting nerves).
3. Jiongkir (終器, end organs).
I. Diongcukiwquanx jiurr si nauxcuew (腦髓, brain), qapp jikcuew (脊髓, spinal cord), jur sinqingx diong’ngx ee jingwhuw; sisiongg decc sriu singkux dagg soxjai jin’ je ee ciwqig (刺戟, stimulus), qycjaiww qangr bingrling qaur qinbah, hro ix e tranr ix ee iwsur (derr 91, 93 doo).
II. Tuandyrkir si sinqingciam’ii laii jniaa :ee, (ursii qiyr juer nauxqinx, nauxsnuar, nerve). Dirr ciah :ee ee diongqanx uree tuann ciwqig qaur diongcukir, uree sangr bingrling qaur buexliux, cincniu denrsinwsnuar ee kuanw (derr 93 doo).
III. Jiongkir si cincniu dagg soxjai sed ee derhngtniax, laii qamxsiu qiokvo ee ciwqig. Jiaxee ciwqig si cincniu vecsnir ziauxluan iacc si hnuahiw, iacc si uirdiyhh simxmic dairjir beh zibvinw; ix ee ciwqig, singx qaur tnxiax, jiurr si jiongkir, jiacc qingquer tuandyrkir, jiacc sangr qaur diongcukir. Jiongkir si decc juer jitt hy ee loring, cincniu gnoxquankir hitt kuanw :ee.
Nauw qapp jikcuew tangx vixping cincniu qongr den ee langg, dirr denrvywqiok, iarr sinqingx cincniu denrsnuar; dui’ denrvywqiok siwqer tuann qaur dagg soxjai. Dui’ guarbin hitt xee langg sriu denrvyr qongw kiw guarbin ee su; iarr ix tangx qongr denrvyr, qangr bingrling qah guarbin ee langg diyhh juer dairjir.
Qinbah, jnuatew ee lairbin u jiongkir, dui’ tuandyrkir sriu diyc bingrling, laii qniaa ix ee jok’iong.
Sinqingjojid si sinqingx sewvaux, qapp sinqingciam’ii, ixqip jitt xee digvet qetlenn ee jojid laii jniaa.
Jiaxee sinqingx si dui’ nauxcuew qapp jikcuew hunx cud :ee, si jin’ je ee sinqingciam’ii jurjip sna’ hap laii jniaa, qaur dirr sintew dagg soxjai, jiamrjiam hunx, kir qaur hro bagjiux soxx knuar be diyc ee ciamsix (nerve fibrils). Iarr hunvor dirr quixnarr kuanw ee qiquanx-diongx, laii jiaplenn jiongkir (derr 93 doo).
Nauxcuew si dirr taukakkangx-lai ee qiquanx, dingxbin si pongr ee kuanxsid. Nauxcuew u snax dingg moc vaux lehh (derr 94 doo); derr di dingg si mehlogmoc (脈絡膜, piamater). Jitt dingg dirr hitt jin lairbin qapp nauxcuew sna’ lenn duer nauxcuew ee uankiaux hitt xee sewbin laii vaux ix.
Derr zi dingg si didumoc (蜘蛛膜, arachnoid). Jitt dingg si jit jxingw nngxzun ee moh; e snix din’ik miaa qiyr nauxjikcuexik (腦脊髓液, cerebro-spinal fluid). Hitt xee din’ik ciangjai dirr nauxdew nirr, iarr u dirr taukakcuew nirr, jikcuew nirr qapp jikcuexkangx-lai. Ix ee qong’iong si decc vyxho nauxcuew hro ix be siursiongx, qycc e hro nauw ee lat kah vnii duxhyw; jiurr si byy hro jitt der viw hitt der sriu deh ee lat kacc dang ee iwsur. Narr nauxjikcuexik dui’ hni-aw lrauu .cud .laii, jiurr tangx jaix taukakqutdew u dng, iacc si jric .kir.
Derr snax dingg si qingmoc (硬膜, dura mater). Jitt dingg si derr id qau qycc jin’ qenqor, kamr dirr nauxcuew ee jin’ guarbin dingg, iarr juer tauquar ee lairbin moc. Jitt snax dingg moc, m na qanda’ dirr nauxcuew nirr, qycjaiww taur qaur jiktiaurqngw laii vaux jikcuew, soxiw miaa qiyr juer nauxjikcuexmoc (腦脊髓膜). Nauxcuew hunx juer sir vorui:
1. Duarnauw (Cerebrum).
2. Diongnauw (Pons Varolii).
3. Siyxnauw (Cerebellum).
4. Encuew (延髓, Medulla oblongata).
I. Duarnauw dirr taukakkangx ee hitt dingxbin, jiamr jueww dua vorhun ee mic, si jyriu ee duarnauwvnuawqiuu laii jniaa :ee. Jitt xee jyxiu vnuawqiuu ee diongngx, u jit diauu dit dit ee lihpang, jiurr si dui’ jingbin taur qaur aurbin; jongw .si hitt xee pang m si qecdng, si u jerje sinqingjojid sn’a lenn lehh. Nauxcuew dui’ guarbin laii knuar, u jerje huehunx k.-kutkiog-k. cincniu hudtyzinn ee kuanxsid; hundiongx ee kangkiah u cimx kinw byy sna’ drangg, derr id cimx :ee cavutdyx jit cunr cimx; qokk langg ee nauxcuew ee hrunn iarr byy siy’ drangg. Ngex-aw ee hrunn kacc byy cimx iarr byy simxmic bingg; qaur dionglenn jiurr kacc bingg.
Nauxcuew e sinqingsewvaux (神經細胞, nerve cells), sinqingciam’ii (神經纖維, nerve fibres), qapp sinqingciam’ii diongqanx ee jid, jiurr si digvet qetlenn ee jojid (neuroglia).
II. Diongnauw ee soxjai, si dirr duarnauw ee erbin vingg. Diongnauw dirr dingxbin qapp duarnauw qetlenn; dirr aurbin qapp siyxnauw qetlenn; erdew qapp encuew qetlenn; soxiw ursii miaa qiyr juer nauxqiyy (腦橋; derr 95 doo). Nauw ee guarbin si huexhusig ee jojid, lairbin si vec ee jojid. Dirr nauw-lai u go xee kangx, miaa qiyr nauxsig (腦室, ventricle). Dirr nauxsig-lai u nauxjikcuexim (腦脊髓液, cerebro-spinal fluid).
III. Siyxnauw si dirr duarnauw ee aurbin ee ervo, joxiu ee siyxnauxvnuawqiuu laii jniaa :ee. Siyxnauw ee dingxbinrvo, qtlenn dirr dingxbin ee jojid, beh kir duarnauw ee soxjai. Siyxnauw ee diongngvo, qetlenn dirr diongnauw; binrvo, qetlenn dirr encuew. Jitt xee qetlenn ee jojid, qiyr juer siyxnauxkax (小腦腳, cerebellar peduncle), u snax duir kax qetlenn lehh (derr 95 doo).
IV. Encuew si jikcuew qapp diongnaw jiaplenn ee soxjai, si cavutdyx jit cunr dngg. Sinqingciam’ii dui’ nauxcuew taur duiww erbin, qaur encuew. Dirr encuew ee sii, jiaxee sinqingx siy’ puac, hunx duiww erbin lyc .laii; dirr dywvingg :ee qniaa duiww iurvingg kir, dirr iurvingg :ee qniaa duiww dywvingg kir. Soxiw narr dywvingg ee nauw siursiongx, jiurr jniawvingg ee singkux vuanwsinvutsui, (半身不遂), jiurr si singkux jidvnuar be dinxdang.
Nauxcuew ee dang, lxamm :ee jiurr si 1400 grams.; luw :ee, 1260 grms.
Langg ee nauw narr kacc dua, byy dikkag si kacc gauu, iarr langg ee nauw narr ser, byy dikkag si kacc gong.
Jikcuew si qapp encuew siy’ lenn, kngr dirr jikjuikangx-lai (脊椎孔). Guarbin iarr u snax dingg ee jikcuexmoc vaux lehh, cincniu duarnauw jidvnuangiu, jongw .si jikcuew ee lairbin si huexhusig, guarbin si vec ee jojid, duxduxx qapp duarnauw duiwhuanw.
Jikcuew ee hingjong, si siyxkuaw vniw vniw vnii vnii ee ngii tiau. Taujingg ee diong’ngx u jit diauu dit dit ee lihpang, dirr aurbin iarr u qycc jit diauu lihpang, qiyr juer jing’aurciongwlet (前後縱裂, anterior and posterior median fissures). Jiaxee pang vunx jikcuew juer jyxiu nng vingg. Jiaxee lihpang m si qecdng (derr 96 doo).
Dirr jikcuew ee diong’ngx, u jit xee kangx qapp nauxsig sna’ taur. Dirr didumoc qapp mehlogmoc ee diong’ngx u nauxjikcuexik, decc vyxho jikcuew, hro ix be e iydang (derr 94, 97 doo).
Sinqingx u vunx juer:
1. Nauxsinqingx (Cranial Nerves).
2. Jikcuexsinqingx (Spinal nerves).
3. Qauqamxsinqingx (交感神經, Sympathetic nerves).
Nauxsinqingx u jap-zi duir, si dui’ duarnauw, diongnauw, qapp encuew soxx huad cud :ee, vailet dirr erdew (derr 98 doo):
I. Derr id duir, si qaur pni nirr, laii quanw pni ee su (diqag 知覺, sensory).
II. Derr zi duir, qaur bagjiux, quanw knuar ee su (diqag).
III. IV. VI. Derr snax, derr sir, qapp derr lak duir, qaur bagjiux ee qinbah, quanw ix e cunx, qiux, jiacc hro bagjiux e dngxlunn (unrdong, 運動, motor).
V. Derr go duir, qaur bin qapp cuiwjic. Langg narr cuiwkiw tniar si huan diyc derr go duir (diqag qapp unrdong).
VII. Derr cid duir, qaur bin. Langg narr ciyr, hauw, si ing jitt diauu, hro bin nirr ee qinbah e cunqiux (unrdong, iarr hro langg e jaix jubi).
VIII. Derr veh duir, qaur hnirkangx, quanw tniax .qnir (diqag).
IX. Derr qauw duir, qaur entauu qapp cuiwjic, hro langg e jaix jubi (diqag).
X. Derr jap duir, qaur hir, simx, sniadair, jiahdy, qapp ui (diqag qapp unrdong).
XI. Derr jap-id duir, qaur amrqunw qapp hingtauu ee qinbah (unrdong).
XII. Derr jap-zi duir, qaur cuiwjic, hro ix e unrdong.
Narr knuar derr 96 doo e jaix jikcuew ee lairbin u jitt xee H zirhingg ee jojid; jitt xee jiurr si huexhusig ee jojid. Taujingg aurbin liongw vingg u qag, qiyr juer jingqag, aurqag. Dui’ jingqag u huad cud jikcuexsinqingx ee jingqinx; dui’ aurqag u huad cud jikcuexsinqingx ee aurqinx. Jitt nng diauu jingg-au qinx, e liamvnix siy’ hap, juer jitt diauu qongw ee sinqingx, iarr jitt diauu qongw :ee, liamvnix qycc vunx jingjix, horjix, siwqer tnuax, qaur tong’ singkux (derr 99, 93 doo).
Jiaxee sinqingx dui’ jikcuew soxx huad .cud .ee, qiyr juer jikcuexsinqingx. Jikcuexsinqingx u snax-jap-id duir, jiaxee dui’ aurqag huad .cud .ee jiurr si decc quanw unrdong ee sinqingx. Jiaxee sinqingx si cincniu snuar, siwqer tnuax, qaur tong’ singkux.
Sinqingx u nng kuanw jiurr si diqaksinqingx (知覺神經, sensory nerves), qapp unrdongrsinqingx (運動神經, motor nerves). Jiaxee u nng hxang ee loring, jit hxang si dui’ guarbin laii tongdix nauw, hro langg e qakgno, e jaix singkux-gua ee su; jitt hy si qiyr juer diqaksinqingx. Qycc jit hy e bingrling qinx, hro ix e tranr langg ee iwsur laii cunqiux; jitt hy qiyr juer unrdongrsinqingx.
Langg vutlun beh juer simxmic, si dui’ nauw dairsingx juxir, sinqingx jiurr liamvnix tuann bingrling qaur qinx, hro ix e tranr ix ee iwsur, vutlun si hro ix cunx iacc qiux, byy m tranr ix ee bingrling. Dnaxx setsuw hitt xee quanw bxow soxjai ee unrdongrsinqingx laii quah dng, suizenn u juxir beh hro hitt soxjai dinxdang, iarr be tranr ix; soxiw e jaix si dui’ unrdongrsinqingx laii tuann nauw ee huanhur, qinx jiurr e cunqiux.
Puee ee lairbin u sinqingx jerje, soxiw qiamxcaiw cak .diyc, iacc si siyx .diyc, iacc si vutlun bonx simxmic mic, jiurr liamvnix e jaix; dnaxx setsuw hitt xee quanw bow soxjai ee diqaksinqing laii quah dng, jiurr hitt soxjai longxx m jaix tniar, m jaix jniu; in’ui anxnix tangx jaix hitt xee diqaksinqingx si tuann diqag ee ciwqig.
Puee ee sinqingx e hunved siyx-lingw, cox-iur, damm-dax, iauxquxx be hunved dnix, qiamm, sngx, kow; jaixee si hap dirr cuiwjic ee sinqingx soxx e hunved :ee, qiyr juer birsinqingx (味神經). Hitt xee diqaksinqingx e vunx quixnarr hy :ee, cincniu dirr bagjiux-lai ee sinqingx e hunved qngx-amr, hro langg e knuar .qnir, qiyr juer sirsinqingx (視神經), dirr hnirkangx :ee, si hunved snia’imx, hro langg e tniax .qnir, qiyr juer tingwsinqingx, (聽神經); dirr pnirkangx-lai :ee, si hunved pangx-caur, qiyr juer hiuwsinqingx (嗅神經); dirr cuiwjic :ee, hro langg e jaix qiamm-jniaw, sngx, kow, qiyr juer birsinqingx; dirr puee-xe hro langg narr bongx diyc mic, e hunved si dua-ser, cox-iur, siyx-lingw, kinx-dang. Jiaxee longxx si iauwqinw hro langg jaix singkux-gua ee dairjir.
Ciuw ee sinqingx si dui’ qingrjuisinqingx (頸椎), qapp hingjuisinqingx (胸椎) huad cud :ee, jiurr si dui’ amrqunw ervo ee soxjai.
Kax ee sinqingx si dui’ iyjuisinqingx (腰椎神經) qapp jenwqutsinqingx (薦骨) huad cud :ee.
Derr snax jxingw ee sinqingx, si dirr vakdow qapp hingkamw-lai, decc liaurliw lairjong, qiyr juer qauqamxsinqingx (交感神經, sympathetic nerves).
Duarnauw ee jok’iong: Duarnauw sriu buexliux ee ciwqig (stimulus), laii qamxqag, jiurr si gnoxquankir ee diongcukir. Iarr qangr bingrling qaur qinbah hro inx e tranr ix ee iwsur, jiurr si ing ix ee juxir laii hro suiiwqinx (隨意筋) dinxdang; iarr si juanzenn doglip ee diongcukir. Qycjaiww duarnauw si druar jingsinn ee soxjai, iwsig, pnuawduanr liauxau, pacsngr, qiwig (記憶, memory). Jongw .si anxjnaixngiu jiacc u jitt kuanw ee qilingg, henrcuxsii iauxx bue jaix.
Siyxnauw ee jok’iong, si hro langg e qniaa, e kia, e kia dit dit byy iyjuah, iarr decc quanw suiiwqinx ee kuiwlat.
Encuew si decc quanw simx qapp hir. Narr si encuew siursiongx, dairkair langg jiurr e siw, soxiw encuew si derr id iauwqinw ee soxjai.
Jikcuew qapp sinqingx ee jok’iong, jit hxang si decc tuann ciwqig dui’ buexliux qaur duarnauw; qapp tuann duarnauw ee bingrling qaur qinbah, lairjong, singkux dagg xui.
Langg ee ciuw dinxdang ee sii, u jitt xee ciwqig si dui’ duarnauw huad. Jit xee ciwqig soxx qniaa ee lo, jiurr si duarnauw, diongnauw, encuew (dirr encuew ee lairbin, jiaxee sinqingx quewvingg), jikcuew, jikcuew ee jingqag, jikcuexsinqingx ee jingqinx, ciuw qinbah ee sinqingx, qaur sinqingx ee buexliux (derr 99, 100 doo).
Jiaxee ciwqig, narr dui’ duarnauw iurvingg kiw, singkux jyxvingg e dinxdang; iarr narr dui’ duarnauw jyxvingg kiw, singkux iurvingg e dinxdang. Jitt xee si in’ui unrdongrsinqingx decc quewvingg (crossing of the motor nerve fibers in the medulla). Iurciuw narr cak .diyc, hitt xee tniar ee ciwqig u tuann qaur duarnauw, m si iurvingg, si qaur jyxvingg. Jiaxee diqag ee ciwqig decc jnriu qaur duarnauw ee sii, dirr jikcuew qapp encuew ee lairbin u qingquer dui’ hitt vingg jnriu .kir.
Knuar derr 100 doo jiurr e jaix unrdong ee ciwqig, qapp diqag ee ciwqig soxx diyhh qniaa ee lo, iarr soxx diyhh qingquer ee soxjai. Hitt xee kacc dua diauu ox ox :ee, si unrdong ciwqig ee lo, hiaxee jit diamw jit diamw kacc ser :ee, si diqag ciwqig ee lo. Hiaxee jnxir decc viw hro langg jaix, unrdong ee ciwqig decc lyhqe, diqag ee ciwqig decc jniurqnuaii.
Huanxingwjok’iong (反應作用, Reflex action). Jitt xee jiurr si jikcuew qycc jit hxang ee jok’iong, uree qiyr juer huanxsiarjok’iong. Cikqaiwqud ee erdew taujingg u jit diauu qinx, narr qra ix qongr jit xe, kax jiurr qaqi e siyxkuaw tad jinwjingg. Jitt xee m si langg ee juxir jiacc anxnix. Jitt xee lriw, si qongw ee ciwqig, qniaa quer diqaksinqingx qaur jikcuew. Dirr jikcuew-lai, liutuann qaur unrdongrsewvaux, dui’ jiax ciwqig tuann quer unrdongrsinqingx, qaur kax qinbah ee sinqingx buexliux, hro kax e tad duiww taujingg .kir.
Narr knuar derr 101 doo, jitt hy huanxingwjok’iong kacc e hiauw .did. Dirr jiax N si sinqingsewvaux. Tuann ciwqig qaur hiax jiurr si sinqingx A. Jitt diauu sinqingx si dui’ puehux S laii. Qapp sinqingsewvaux u qycc jit diauu sinqingx sna’ lenn E; jitt diauu qniaa qaur qinbah M. Narr si puehux sriu diyc ciwqig, cincniu cak .diyc, siyx .diyc, jitt xee ciwqig liamvnix tuann duiww sinqingx A, qaur sewvaux N. Sewvaux sriu diyc jitt xee ciwqig, liamvnix qangr bingrling qaur qinbah M. Jitt xee bingrling soxx qniaa ee lo, jiurr si hitt diauu E sinqingx; dui’ anxnix hitt xee qinbah M, jiurr liamvnix qiux .kiw .laii. Sinqingx A si diqaksinqingx; sinqingx E si unrdongrsinqingx. Langg narr cuir-lai qamm sngx ee mic, nuarjnuaa jiurr liamvnix cud nuarik kacc je; jitt xee iarr si dui’ huanxingwjok’iong.
Kunr, si sinqingx dniardiyc ee siqii; hitt xee sijun, diongcukiwquanx jingsinn ee jok’iong jiamrsii tingg. Air kunr ee indnuax, iauxx bue dikkag jaix, u quixnarr xee lixlun, jit xee si dirr nauw-lai ee huicqngw u sog uaw, hro nauw-lai ee huih kacc jiyw, hro nauw jiamrsii vinhuih (anaemia). U langg qongw, jitt xee ee indnuax si langg jingsinn ee sii, decc juewqangx, iacc si tagceh, byy loring ee mic cincniu tnuawsngx, u jikju dirr ix ee singkux-lai; iarr hitt xee tnuawsngx narr quewtauu e qamxqig(?) encuew. Encuew ee jok’iong ee jit hxang si decc quanxliw huicqngw, dui’ anxnix nauw-lai ee huicqngw e sog uaw, hro huih lirkuix nauw, anxnix jiurr langg e air beh kunr. Decc kunr ee sii, hiaxee byy loring ee mic u vaii cud, iarr singkux ee lat u jikju kacc je. Diongcukir narr u ju’iongxliau qauwgiac je, langg liamvnix jiurr cniw.