And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea: Gods and Goddesses of the Neolithic Period
BUNBINGG EE HUATDENW
Xe jit xee zinlui diongrdua qaidnua si sniaci bunbingg ee cuthen, zinlui ui' jitt sii qniaa zip u qiwlok ee ligsuw. Canjngx bogdniuu ee jurzenn jongqaur kaisiw niurvo hro u dedsu ee bunbingg. Bunbingg vunxsinx marr u ix huatdenw ee quewdingg, ui' siauwlenn qaur singsik, jaiww jinwzip laurlenn. Duiww bunbingg huatdenw quanliam huathuix qauwgik ee jokpinw si OSWALD SPENGLER (1880-1936) ee <THE DECLINE OF THE WEST>, siongser tyxlun sewqair-siong veh xee bunbingg jurr siauwlenn qaur nilau ee huatdenw quewdingg, dongsii qycc jriw cud lanw henrqaidnua soxx kia ee uirdir.
Jitt xee sidai, snax xee derkux singjiu liauw longgiap qapp ciriongw dongrbut diongsimx:
siongrr jaw kyxlingg si Danglam'ax, vauquad jitmaw ee Selam'ax/ ASIA MINOR/ Danglam'aux/ Diongbixjiux/ MAXCIO/ PERU.
Qinrdangx derkux cuthen qydo bunbingg sniaci, kuidenw cud bunzi/ sowhak, gnoxqog jingwjyh, cri guu, qycc cri bew.
SYRIAN --- ARABINA SANDS ciriongw logdyy.
Lanw ui' TURKEY lamhongx, ANATOLIA derkux ee siyxdinr CATAL HUYUK
qongw kiw. Kyxqoxhagqax JAMES MELLAART(1925- ), jingwbingg Qinrdangx derkux ee longgiap bunbingg iokk 10,000 nii B.C., ow cud iokk jap-go janr cimx ee luixjikbut (http://www2.bc.edu/~mcdonadh/course/huyuk.html). Jitt soxjai si jit xee vnengiuu, qui' dinr vowqiok u damrvyc cniurr Bixqog Selamvo INDIANS PUEBLO vorlok, soxu ee cuwviah dy' si siy' dah/ lenn jywhuew, narr duw diyc dua hongho, jin' lann siongx diyc zimrhyy dandok jit qingx, itvnualangg beh jinwzip, marr diyh'air cngx quer qidiongx qenwdiogbut, jiacc e qaur jitt xee dinr ee diongsimx.
Doo 32 THE RELIGION OF CATAL HUYUK. Si qidiongx siongrr qoxlyw qycc diongriaur ee huathen, ersaih qongw si jitt derkux sinue hertongw quanqenr ee siongrdingbut, juxqag si buxcinx ee luxsinn, dairviauw nng xee hingsiong, kajiah qapp kajiah siy' uaw,dywciuxvingg hitt xee, lamw jit xui singlenn lamjuw; jniawciuw jitt xee, py jit xee ginxaw. Longgiap jyr qicow ee kuhik nirr, jitt xee luxsinn si sinue siongrr juxiaur ee zinbut, siongrdingx dairjurzenn juanxhuawlat, jiong' quewkir juanxjyr birlaii/ sinrjuiw juanxjyr ginxaw/ marr jiong' jingxjiw juanxhuar jniajyr zinlui ee singsanxbut.
Doo 33 THE FERTILITY GODDESS. Si ligsig gamjiyhpnir kig ee, iokk 7000 B.C., huathen dirr cikcngx, ingwqaix ham' longgiap/ iacc si siusingg iuxquanx. Jit xee dngdecc singsanw ee luxsinn, ginxaw ee tauu duxx ui' ix ee kax-pang cud laii. Siangciuw ixhnua kig :ee si niaukyx dongrbut. Qamxx e qir .did lanw qongw quer THETIS cam' sraix ee quanhe? Jex kaksit si jin' u iwsur ee johap. Iokk 100A.C. dirr ROMA marr u huathen luirsu anne ee luxsinn diausog, tauu dir ongby, ciuw tec taiwiongvnuaa, jre dirr ongjy-dingw, nng vingg qokk u jit jiah sraix. CARTHAGINIAN jenwjingx sii, jitt xee luxsinn soxx dairviauw ee sinwgiongw, virr inw zip ROMA, jyr jicii ROAM jitt vingg ee lat. jitt jiongw luxsinn ixqingx u cid-cingx nii lor.
CATAL HUYUK ee SHRINE ROOM
Dirr CATAL HUYUK ow cud ee uijig nirr, marr huathen jerje SHRINE ROOM. Qidiongx u jit qingx cai jit xee luxsinn, nng vingg vnix :a u jit duir var, jit qangx jit buw qokk kia dirr snaqakhingg hiyc-dingw, inx si sinqair duarmngg ee siuxhorsinn.
Lingrgua jit xee denxhingg ee SHRINE ROOM, sxig-lai viah-dingw ee luxsinn virr huathenrjiaw qra hyrjyr “singsanw textair”, mrqyxx ix snex ee m si zinlui, si jit jiah guqangw. Suibongw lanw byy zimrhyy iuxquanx jitt siqii ee bunzi qiwlok, danrsi aurlaii ee siqii nirr, guqangw ee hingsiong kiokk ham' guec iuxquanx. Guehniuu e sixbongg qyc'uac --- ui' taiwiongg luxsinn hiax qycc did diyc snewmia. Doo 33 ee luxsinn snex cud :ee si zinlui, dirr jiax snex :ee si guqangw ee tauu --- guu ee siongrdingx.
Lingrgua jit qingx SHRINE ROOM ee viac'ue, doo vnix :a he jit liap gutauu, erbin u jit hxur tauqud, doo anne rue: jit jiah ingiauw dngdecc jiac byy tauu sinsix. Ingjiauw dairviauw singsanw luxsinn suxiong siaumoo banrbut ee jit bin, qra sixtew jiac driau, si beh hro huequix dairde buxcinx, henrdai uergiw, dyrr si juguann huesiux. Zuqyw jiong' jitt xee SHRINE ROOM soxx dairviauw ee iwgi huanxsiaw jyr bunzi: “buxcinx ee sinn ar! Cniurr guec jaiww cutsir, guaw beh qyc'uac! Guaw beh dngw kir bacsinx laii ee soxjai.”
Ow cud CATAL HUYUK ee dongsii, KATHLEEN KENYON(1906-1978) soxx jixhuix ee JERICHO marr ow diyc jit dow ingjiauw viac'ue ee cniuu (iokk 6000-5000 B.C.) rue nirr ee ingjiauw qangrkuanw decc jiac byy tauu sinsix. EGYPT RAMSES VI(1145-1137 B.C.) bong ee tenvongg marr jerje jitt jiongw ingjiauw luxsinn --- ix ee miazi hyrjyr NEKBET --- ee siongrdingx. Incuw, jitt jiongw sinwgiongw ersaih qongw ensiok lak~cid-cingx nii.
BUXCINX LUXSINN
Dirr Danglam'aux, quewkir snax-jap dxangx marr u ow cud jerje iuxquanx jitt siqii ee sowjaii. Qajiux L.A. hunhau MARIJA GIMBUTAS (1921-1994) siaw ee ceh <GODDESSES AND GODS OF OLD EUROPE, 7000-3500B.C.>, si jit xee huisiongg quxdngg ee siqii, si lanw jit kaisiw qongw :ee “buxcinx luxsinn” ee nidai. Lanw laii knuar jit quaw jitt siqii ee jongqaur hingsiong, guaw qingw ee le, laijurr GREECE vakvo/ BALKAN/ THE DANUBE/ DNIESTER RIVER/ DNIEPER RIVER hurqin, lingrgua qik jiyxsor laijurr Aujiux diong'vo ee VOLGA RIVER. Iokk 6000B.C. Jiaxee derkux soxx jongvair ee luxsinn, dy' u quiw hxang qivunw digdingx: tah-hxingg ee amrqunw, siongrdingx sewqair diongsimx, jiauw-tauu siongrdingx buxcinx, marr si jiauw ee luxsinn, binghenw luxsingr sinkux, qingsiongg u dix pnuarduer.
Lingrgua, beqiongx-sid ee huezi marr ciangjai cuthen dirr qokk jiongw cohuii-dingw. Ow cud 5000B.C. ee nguaw nirr, u quaw dohuex knuar .kiw .laii cniurr moxjiongw hyrtauu, zuqyw jinjniar si huhy, kyxlingg si siongrr jaw ee zri. Dnaxx lanw zinruii zri ee kixguann si iokk 3000B.C ee MESOPOTAMIA SUMER.
QINRDANGX BUADQII(BUEXQII) LIGSUW
Qang jitt siqii, marr huathen jit xee lamsingr langsiong, qingqah u jit qix qnuaiw, guarhingg cniurr qec'aw. Sursit-siong, dirr 5000B.C. ixqingx u ow diyc jit qix dangg liamlig'aw, cavutdyx ersaih kingxding dirr jiax sing'uac :ee, sriok longgiap binjok, jingwjyh moxjiongw gnoxqog, u dang hxingg dangg jewpinw, longxx m si buxkir, si bogqangx iacc si longgiap iong ee singsanw qangqu. Inx druar dirr sniaci-lai, qaur buexqii jiacc u sniacniuu, jex henxsi inx kyxlingg siurr guarlaii sewlik ee cimhuan qanziauw. Taur quer cniuu, lanw knuar diyc Qinrdangx derkux jingxqyy buadqii ligsuw.
Hex si jit xee sidbinn/ virr sidbinn ee soxjai, jinghok/ virr jinghok ee ligsuw. Dairsingx, u jit qrunn druar dirr snuaqog ee binjok, huatdenw cud longgiap, aurlaii longgiap bunbingg tnuar duiww THE NILE/ EUPHRATES/
TIGRIS, jiaxee dua hyy lrauu .quer ee derkux naurzet, ong .kiw .laii. Suar lyc laii si jit pyx qycc jit pyx ui' suabok/ vne'ngiuu laii cimhuan ee iubok binjok, juxiaur u nng qrow lat: ui' lamhongx SYRIA, ARAB suabok ee SEMITES, cri ngiuu/ logdyy ; lingrgua ui' vag laii ee INDO-EUROPEANS ngwguu sing'uac, inx huatbingg sianglenw jenwciax (CHARIOT), derr id xee cri bew ee binjok.
Jitt sii cuthen ee sinbingg u nng jiongw: dairviauw jurzenn/ uxdiu ee tensinn, qapp qywvet vorlok ee vyxhorsinn. Dysor binjok sinue ee vyxhorsinn, derui quann quer jiangxquanw uxdiu ee tensinn. Mrqyxx SEMITES duxx sionghuanw. Iokk 4500 B.C. Jaxqii MINOTAUR --- GREECE sinue nirr langg-tauu guu-srinx ee quaiwbut, ursii hingsiong marr e dendyxvingw, si langg-srinx guu tauu, viauxsi gugangw si zinlui jongvair duiwsiong, jex cam' Bixjiux juixguu (BISON) ee INDIANS luirsu. Jiong' langg/ jongvair dongrbut ee sinkux hunwlam, luirsu suxjingg vongrkangx viac'ue gersut “LES TROIS FRERES”.
CRETE
3500 ~ 2500 B.C. Jiqanx, AEGEAN-Haiw ee CRETE dxyw-siong, huathen ensiok jaxqii vakhongx dairliok “buxcinx luxsinn” sinwgiongw hertongw. Siongduir, jitt sii dirr vakvingg dairliok, jysiu iubok binjok ee cimhuan, bunhuar kiw dua venwhuar. Jitt dyxsu juxiaur siangx voxtauu ee siongrdingx hingsiong ham' “buxcinx luxxsinn” he jywwhuew, amwsi sixbongg/ qyc'uac, luxsinn vutjiw inxzip snewmia, marr e cuarjauw snewmia. Jitt soxjai jongvair u duar qag ee guqangw, singwguu rair virr taii hisingx jiacc jaiww cutsir jyr guu-qniaw, jitt xee gisid naxjunxx tewdai jaxqii qok'ongg hisingx gisid.
Doo 36 BULL-LEAPING FRESCO si KNOSSOS ( qoxjaw bunbingg diongsimx, dirr CRETE diongvakvo) qiongden nirr jit qingx qok'ongg vangqingx-lai ee viac'ue. Rue :ee si langg ham' guu ee vniawdaur. Kyxlingg u langg e huaigii langg pacialinr vingw quer guu kajiah, qamxx jyr e qaur? Doo-siong hitt jiah guu ee kax byy dngg/ byy qaiww quann ee ngiu, iuguann si vutkyxsugi ee qikiauw.
Jex hro guaw sniu kiw ixjaw dirr Huatqog jyr hagsingx sii, u jit vaiw kir BORDEAUX knuar dauwguu, hiax si byy qra guu sad siw ee. Jit qrunn ginxaw, cing pangvo jyr ee vec kor, vec shirt, angsig ee muaqinx, inx dysor ixqingx ham' guu jenr quer jit~ nng huee ar, jinr dniuu sii, qniaa qra denx denx dyw dyw. hiongr quanjiongr qnialew diwir, dniuu-gua naurzet ee lavah sniax huangingg inx ee singwli. Hionghiongg, vangr jit jiah siauwlenn guqangw zip laii. Inx diyh'air sniu vanrhuad hro hiongr inx ciongx laii ee dongsii, duxx beh dag diyc sinkuix ee jit diap jingg, iong siongrr iugnaw ee textair, suaw dinxdang jit qix kax, qra sinkux siamw .quer. Erdangr siongxsiong qidiongx itding u jerje qniaqii/ ciwqig ee dniubin. U jit huee, qidiongx jit xee, knuar diyc guqangw dng' hiongr ix ciongx laii sii, ix marr ciongx quer kir/ tiaur quann/ tiaur quer guqangw ee sinkux, kia dirr guu ee aurbin. Je nii au, guaw iuguann e sniu, si m si guaw decc jyr bang? Bingg jaix m si bang! Anne ee dongrjog henrsii dirr Huatqog u langg jyr cud laii, sxor cingx nii jingg ee CRETE dongzenn marr u kyxlingg.
KNOSSES ee qoingden luervo vowqiok cniurr jit jxy beqiongx, bunrdee si, dirr dyc'ui dauwguu? U langg qongw dirr qiongx nirr, qamxx m si sniu' huihiamw neh? kacc u kyxlingg si dirr qiongx-gua u jit dua pnir kia pyde. Ui' hitt vxag viac'ue nirr erdangr knuar diyc vutjiw jit xee siauwlenn lamjuw decc lenrsip, marr u jit xee luxsingr dirr vnix :a tiauwbuw. Jex jinghongw cniurr jitmaw lanw knuar Bixqog-sid kaqiuu, diongdniuu e u jit qrunn jaboxginxaw tiauwbuw viauxenw. Qyckacc daddid juwir :ee, soxu quanjiongr dy' si luxsingr. Qoxdai bunbingg ee luxsingr derui byy viw CRETE bunbingg jiacc qygnaw. Henxzenn si sriu diyc “buxcinx luxsinn” sinwgiongw ingxhiongw.
GRIFFIN
Doo 37( FIG.1) KNOSSES u jit qingx huisiongg ser ee THRONE ROOM. Ongjy-siong u kig jit xee guehbaii. Muixx jit xui CRETE qok'ongg, jiauww Qimcnex ee jiuqii, muixx veh nii diyh'air virr sad jyr hisingx, dirr jitt soxjai, knuar be diyc qok'ongg ee uersiong. Sig-lai ongjy nng vingg u nng jiah hyrjyr GRIFFIN ee quaiwsiu, jiauw-tauu/ sraix-srinx.
Dirr jit xee luxsingr derui jiacc binghenw ee sinwgiongw, tongsiongg siurr qiongdiau :ee. si soxui jongqaur qinggiam, m si itvnuax sinhak/ lixsingr/ logic / lixliam. Dirr jit vxag luxsingr tiauwbuw ee doo nirr, tauu dir GRIFFIN ee jiauxtauu, mow hongbin qongw .laii, marr si ham' luxsinn sinwgiongw iuxquanx.
Lingrgua jit xee viac'ue biysiaw dng' decc jinwhingg ee songlew, knaur e diyc sixjiaw/ bongrsig, jit vaii langg siangciuw moh hongrjewpinw/ hisingx ee dongrbut, urlangg pongw guehbaii-hxingg ee junn/ si unrsangr sixjiaw linghunn jinr zip derha sewqair ee qautongx qangqu. SIR ARTHUR EVANS (1851-1941, derr id xui huathen KNOSSOS qoxsniaa ee kyxqoxhagqax), dirr KNOSSOS dingg kiw vorhun ee qiongden, marr jaiww kiw jit jxy snaqakhingg ee dua siongr, taur quer nng qag ee diongsnuar erdangr knuar diyc singwsnuax --- MOUNT IDA. Ix anne jyr si u dyrliw ee.
Doo 39 ( DETAIL OF THE GRANDSTAND FRESCO SHOWING A TRIPARTITE SHRINE) si jit xui kia dirr uxdiu snuax-dingw ee luxsinn, nng vingg qokk jit jiah sraix, srinx-au u jiamx lrai snaceqig, ix kia dirr zirguann duiwlip dionghngx/ tongx hiongr ciauuat ee lo-siong.
CUTHEN JUANGIAP HUNQANGX
Qinrdangx derkux cuthen zinlui derr id jxy sniaci, dairviauw qniaa hiongr juansinx sing'uac hingtair. Ixongw dirr siyw hxingg/ vorlok ee siarhue nirr, muixx jit xee langg ee bunhuar/ qinggiam dy' jin' luirsu/ si tongjaii ee, byy qang :ee, jixsirr nihuer/ singwvet, poxtonglangg cam' kacc u tenhun ee dangqix. Mrqyxx longgiap ee huatdenw cuarcud siarhue hingtair ee kokdua, zinlui kaisiw cuthen juangiap ee hunqangx, qniaa zip sniaci au, juangiap hro langg jidsiwlangg simrjiww quixarr dai dy' jongsu moxjiongw digding ee qangjog/ hanggiap, jingwjyh :ee jidsiwlangg jixsirr jyc'cann, jewsix ee qniaxsunx marr si jewsix, siarhue kaisiw hunx jyr jerje byy qang sing'uac qinggiam ee zinqunn, dongsii marr sanxsingx sinx bunrdee: anxjuanw hro sniaci-lai byy qang sing'uac hingtair ee langg erdangr u qiongrdongg ee siarhue qinggiam? Jex si henrdai siarhue byy jingxhap ee digsingr: qanglangg duiwkongr tauqex/ jitt xee kiw laii duiwkongr hitt xee..., byy jingxhap ee bunhuar hingtair.
Zinlui jaxqii bunhuar nirr, zuhyy vyxcii bixsen ee tuantew jojid si siarhue diongrdua kywdee. Duer diyc juanjid jewsix ee cuthen, kaisiw zinrbad uxdiu. Dyrr si qongw taur quer jiaxee juangiap jewsix, zinlui kaisiw siaw zri, ixx jap/ siqanx ixx lak-jap jyr qewsngr dan'ui, duar laii jingkag ee quancad honghuad, qewsngr cud uxdiu cneqiuu sec ee sokdo, jinr jit vo lixqaiw qokk cneqiuu jiqanx ee sunrsi quanliam, iong sowhak honghuad qiwlok lyc laii, si zinlui bunhuar juanbin ee juanxvenr. inxcua ixx sinx qaiwliam/ hongsid knuawtai sewqair. Zinlui ithiongr quansimx jiaudiamw he dirr digvet surbut-siong. Hitt sii, diwdang jurzenn henrsiong, cniurr jit jangg qiquair ee ciu/ jit kud byy qang ee juixdii/ iacc si giamjiyc, aurlaii duiww digvet ee dongrbut/ cauxbok dy' jin' u hingwtauu. Mrqyxx sinx uxdiu quanliam sanxsingx au, duiww digvet iacc si ham' itvnuax byy qang :ee, kacc kinx .kir, hex si jit jiongw lergua/ venwhingg ziiw. Uxdiu sinx quanliam, hro lanw sinx siriaw.
MESOPOTAMIA
Zinlui iokk dirr 4000 B.C jinr zip TIGRIS-EUPHRATES snuaqog sing'uac, soxui MESOPOTAMIA bunbingg. Dirr jiax, dangx-saix-lamm-vag ee derser jin' kuikuah, iong'i siurr duiwdik cimhuan, ligsuw huatdenw kaksit jysiu qik dua ee venwdong; mrqyxx qangg jitt sii, zinlui marr dac qaur NILE ee siwjiuuii, jiax cniurr giap dirr snuaboo ee ligde, guarderlangg byy iong'i zip .laii, unxding huatdenw cud inx ee bunbingg. jitt nng xee derkux jurzenn kuanqingw jin' dua byy qangg.
Lanw laii knuar jaxqii MESOPOTAMIA ee huatdenw.
Doo 40 ee huezi laijurr HALAF (qoxdai MESOPOTAMIA sniaci ee uijig, iokk 5050-4300 B.C. sii jin' naurzet, dnaxx sriok SYRIA). Dirr jitt xee jokpinw, lanw derr id vaiw kanur diyc “bixhak kongqanx (AESTHETIC FIELD)” qaiwliam. Qyckacc jaw ee vongrkangx-lai gersut, knuar diyc :ee si jiauww vongkongx guan'iuw qetqor vowqiok ee hingsid, byy cniurr jitt xee jyrhingg dirr jit xee hrongx .kiw .laii ee kongqanx, cionghunx viauxhen cud uanbuanw ee bixhak.
Doo 41 (LIMESTONE VESSLE WITH RELIEF CARVINGS.) Jitt qnia jokpinw jin' jaw, qangx iur qycc gnaw, bixhak ee vowqiok/ kongqanx ee hunpuer venr qaxx jin' diongriaur, dairviauw siongdongx qysiongw iugnaw ee huii-aw jewjy siqii.
Doo 41-1, dirr SAMARRA (TIGRIS Hyy danghnua ee qoxsniaa, jitamw ee IRAQ) huathen :ee. Diongsimx sibzi dairviauw dangx-saix-lamm-vag siw hong'ui, sidbut/ dongrbut hingsiong sunrsi hiongr gua dngxsec cud kir. Jitt xee sibzi marr si derqiuu ee diongsimx. Lingrgua jit qnia si ixx luxzinn/ get'axtangg sna' kunn ee hingsiong, banrbut ixx uxdiu-ciu jyr diongsimx, dirr siwjiuuii sec ee gersut juxdee. Qangrkuanw ee juxdee, lanw e jin' iwgua knaur diyc : nng jiah dongrbut cam' inx ee ngiaw, qiongriuw jit siangx kax, sec jyr jit xee ngii.
SIONGRR JAW EE SINBIY UIJIG
Dirr AI-UBAID, lanw ow cud jit xee sriok jitt kuhik bunbingg siongrr jaxqii ee sinbiy uijig, iokk 3500 B.C., qui' jxy hingjong cniurr gubyw-jix. Dirr jiax, gubyw si luxsinn, uxdiu si buxcinx ee gubyw, ix ee lingx si luxsinn ee lingjuiw. Sinbiy nirr cri jit qrunn singwguu, jewsix hurjig jiauwqor, soxx sanxsingx ee gulingx hro tongxdi qaiqib suxiong. Jiaxee ee singwguu ham' lanw jitmaw dirr CALCUTTA knuar diyc :ee uanjuann qangrngiu, ensiok gubyw jyr uxdiu buxcinx siongrdingx quanliam, sir qix kax dairviauw sir hong'ui. EGYPT marr u anne ee siongrdingx.
SUMERIAN BUNBINGG
Suar .laii lanw beh knuar
jitt vxag puhuex laijurr 3200 B.C. ee SUMERIAN --- sewqair siongrr jaw ee qyqib bunbingg. Jiamr uerbin dairvorhun cniurr guqangw ee dongrbut, langg-bin/ u cuiwciux, viauxsi quriuw guqag gisid/ siongrdingx ee dongrbut. Kajiah kia jit jiah sraix-tauu/ jiauw-srinx, dngdecc qa guqangw ee au-kajiah, ixx tuantongw SUMERIAN bunhuar, jitt jiah sraix-jiauw jonghap hingsiong (sraix sriok taiwiongg dongrbut, ingjiauw si taiwiongg-jiauw) dairviauw dngg qrii jiac guqangw hueh qapp bah ee taiwiongg lat. Guqangw jingg kax dac guehbaii-hxingg ee mic, erbin snax liap snuax siongrdingx uxdiu-snuax, si dairde sinn/ guqangw ligliong ee jnuaguann, cniurr Bixjiux NAVAHO ee huexjiyc, siongrdingx snewmia ee lingguann cam' lat. Lingrgua luirsu iwgi ee rue: ingjiauw liac juaa. Zidtauu liac guec/ sraix dar guqangw Jiaxee hingsiong, u snex dyrr u siw, u siw marr e qyc'uac, hro lanw inwsiong cimkig, iwgi qik dua.
Jitt jxy juaa-tauu singwbuw py qiaw tow-ang'aw laijurr BABYLON, 1920 nidai hro langg huathen sii, virr zinruii si <Singwqingx> EDEN Hngg zinlui duirlyc ee jingsinx, in'ui congwsewqiw jerje qowsu caixiong SUMERIAN/ BABYLON ee sinue. Mrqyxx
dxangg-inr ee dosiong, hro lanw knaur diyc, jiaxee sinue soxx qongw :ee ham' Eden Hngg qowsu u jin' byy qang ee jingsinn. Siongrdingx uxdiu diongsimx ee ciu/ dairviauw ciu ee luxsinn/ e trngr kag qyc'uac ee juaa. Ciu/ luxsinn/ juaa ee qethap, sna' viw EDEN Hngg/ EVA/ juaa. Danrsi lingrgua jitt xui lamsingr, si laijurr ciurkax jiapsiu ingxsingx quexjiw qyc'uac. Henxzenn m si duirlyc juxdee. Sursit-siong, jiaxee bunbingg tuantongw, vingrr byy zinlui duirlyc quanliam. Dirr Inwdo, sinbingg jurhuatdig qniaa zip zinqanx, cniurr cam'uw jit dniuu tiauwbuw. Sewqair jixsirr jit cud hxir/ jitt huee iuhir si inx sinue qivunw tairdo/ si hnuahiw simsig :ee/ jiwjiyw naxx ciywkuex lehh. Sewqair vingrr m si cniurr <Qu Iog> hiacc qniax .langg ee sinue.
BAGJIUX LUXSINN
Qamxx e qir .did hitt xee qu-jiyhkir sidai dairviauw MUSE/ jingsinn sing'uac kexhuatjiaw ee luxzinsiong?
Jitt qnia jokpinw si siongrdingx luxsingr iuwzi/ dnix/ suiw ee dairviauw. Vunxlaii bagjiux si u jit duir nasig vylee-jiyc, tauu-dingw u taumngg-giab jilui ee mic. Henrdai lanw qongw diyc buxsingr jongvair, naxjunxx dy' kacc e sniu snex qniaw hitt bin, danrsi jex m si jitt xui luxsinn juxiaur ee iwgi. Snex qniaw si budjid jancur, ix si lanw jingsinn-bin MUSE luxsinn, siongrdingx jingsinn sing'uac ee buxcinx/ si jingsinn snewmia ee singsanxjiaw. Jitt siqii qang lui jokpinw dy' u luirsu anne ee iwgi, hyrjyr “bagjiux luxsinn”, siongrdingx lanw jingsinn lingxhik. Mrqyxx jitt jxy siongrr suiw/ iuwzi/ gnaxkir. Nasig bagjiux dairviauw tnix ee sikdi. luirsu ee jokpinw marr u lamsingr sinbingg, qidiongx jit qnia si nasig bagjiux/ jin' binghenw si sriok SEMITIC ee bin, jitt jok si ui' vakhongx SYRIA/ ARAB suaboo jinr zip, kiokk dirr jiax virr donghuar. Lanw simrjir qycc e knuar diyc jit xee “bagjiux luxsinn” ee sinbiy qandna' hogsai bagjiux.
SARGON
Jitmaw lanw laii qaur 2350B.C., SARGON AKKAD ee nidai. Ix si lanw soxx jaix jitt kuhik derr id xui SEMITIC dewongg. Inx laijurr vakhongx ee SYRIA/ ARAB suaboo, ixx jinghogjiaw jinr zip TIGRIS-EUPHRATES snuaqog, qyclaii dyrr jniajyr jitt derkux ee tongxdi qaiqib. Doo 46 si SARGON AKKAD ee cnedangg sxiong, iokk 2350B.C., inx maxmax si druar dirr TIGRIS juixtauu ee sanwciah langg. SARGON jit cutsir, maxmah qra ix he dirr buah quer diamxaxqax ee jiyhcauw-naa vangr juiw lrauu, virr jit xui quanw hongqax huehngg :ee hroo .kiw .laii. SARGON aurlaii sriu luxsinn tniawtangr, derui itdit sringx quann, jniajyr tongxdirjiaw. Dongzenn, jex si u bunzi jinwjingg nng-cingx nii, liutuann lyc laii ee qowsu. Dnaxx SARGON AKKAD si derr id xui virr ylyw singwli ee jinghogjiaw.
Dyrr si qongw, dirr jitt siqii, cuthen liauw jinjniar ixx jinghok ee jenwjingx hingsid. Dirr jex jinwjingg, jenwjingx jixvutqyr si vywhok/ gisid ziiw, cniurr NEWGUINEA ee THE HILL vorlok soxx vran ee hitt ngiu, jenwjingx ee qetqyw qigqex jit xee jngtauu jysiu cniuxduat. Danrsi, jitt siqii ixqingx huatdenw qaur jinghok hingdong jyr ciuxdnua, e duar laii dua quiboo dosad/ huiw sniaa, singwli ee kingwdenw qapp jit vaiw qycc jit vaiw d.-dingtac-t. ylyw singwlirjiaw ee zirqur “dirr haixjuiw nirr sexcingx lanw ee buxkir, lanw ee buxkir dirr haiw nirr sew cingkir”. Jex si 2400 B.C. zinlui huatdenw cud bunbingg dig'iuw ee jenwjingx hingsid --- jinghok/ jingxjok dua dosad. Erdangr dirr <Qu Iog> nirr ee “Sinbing Qir” “Josua” cue diyc jerje lerjingr.
3300 B.C. ~ 3500 B.C. SURMIAN dirr UR (SUMER/ BABYLON siongrr qoxlyw sniaci jiid, dirr EUPHRATES vnix :a, uaw PERSIAN haixuanx) qenwlip bunbingg, SEMITIC ee SARGON AKKAD pah .zip .laii qycc jinghok jiamwiuw, qaur 2000 B.C. SUMERIAN dingsinx hoghingx inx ee bunhuar, kixjy soxui “UR derr snax ongdiauu”, jerje lanw soxx jaix qoxdai SUMERIAN sinue/ qenwdiok diwsig dy' si ui' jitt siqii did .diyc .ee.
THE ZIGGURAT OF UR (“ZIGGURAT” si singwtah ee iwsur), si qoxdai TIGRIS-EUPHRATES bunhuar siongrr u digsig ee jongqaur qenwdiok, qidiongx qycc ixx UR derr snax ongdiauu kiw :ee, siongrr u dairviauxsingr, qe jann sinbingg dosiong si hro itvnuax langg knuar ee, dingxbin jann sriok jewsix qaiqib ee bidtuann jongqaur. Qangrkuanw jinghongw dirr Diongbixjiux/ Lambixjiux dy' knuar e diyc.
UR QOK'ONGG EE BONG
SIR LEONARD WOOLLEY (1880-1960) ow cud UR ee uijig, huathen jit jxy jin' qniax langg ee bong, si jiong' qui' jxy qiongden, soxu ee langg vauquad qnuaquann/ buxluw/ iyhsux..., dongrbut guu/ brew..., guu tuax ee ciax..., juanvo vuejongr, simrjir ex henn gagsux ee ciuw iauxqycc he dirr henn-dingw! Qok'ongg dauwdew si jurzenn sixbongg? Iacc si virr sad? Dnaxx lanw m jaix. Sursit-siong, ix kyxlingg jixsirr virr dongwjyr hisingx henr sinn ee qyqib jewsix taubak. CHICAGO dairhak ee pokbudquanw u hogguann jitt xee bong.
Bong-lai vuejongr ee luxsingr u nng lui, kox qimsig qapp ginsig tauqinx. Kox ginsig tauqinx ee jit xui luxjuw, tauqinx ixqingx kox hyw he dirr kacngdauw aurbin, iauxx bue dir kiw kir. Qamxx si jitt xui luxsingr kacc ban qaur, be hur dir kiw kir?
Qok'ongg bong ee dingxbin, si onghiy ee bong. Kyxqenr onghiy marr rair vuejongr, ix soxu ee zinguann marr longxx vauquad jairlai, inx jin' jingxjee dyw qui' vaii, jerje langg srinx-vnix he jit xee aux-aw, kyxlingg si he HENBANE jitt lui hro langg hyw kunr .kir ee iyc.
Cniurr anne dua quiboo vuejongr ee siogle dirr Qinrdangx derkux itdit ensiok qaur juewqin jinwjingg. EGYPT jaxqii ee ligsuw marr siwqer cue e diyc jitt jiongw le. Qoxdai Diongqok, dua quiboo ee vuejongr kyxlingg jiapsuar qaur Kongxjuw/ Lyxjuw sidai, inx nng langg longxx bad qongkaix huanxduir jitt xee siogquanr, zinruii vutqaix ensiok lyc kir.
Doo47 THE STANDARD OF UR. “WAR” AND “PEACE”, dairviauw dongsii dngg dxoo ee qunsu jenwjingx. Hitt sii jenwciax lenw-aw ee jywhuad si ui' diongsimdiamw jriab cud kir cialenw-vangx (henrdai :ee si cialenw guaruii kox zip laii diongsimxdiamw), hingdong iauxx jin' vun, qycc si iong luu tuax, jin' quw ixau jiacc u bew tuax jenwciax; PEACE jitt bin si tongxdirjiaw kingwjiog singwli vanrdyh, u junxvi beh taii ee gujiah..., limx :ee kyxlingg si bixluh iacc si bidpangx-jiuw, hitt sii iauxx berhiauw jyr putyy-jiuw. Derr id jua jniawciuxvingg jit xee langg dngdecc dnuaa u guu-tauu jyrhingg ee kiarkimm.
Jitt siqii DUMUTSE soxx siaw ee six --- iuxquanx gugangw cam' guehsinn, lueriongg anne qongw: DUMUTSE jinr zip derha sewqair au, cniuwquax driaur ix ee luxsinn laii qra inx angx-bow nng langg cua zip ingxsingx sewqair. Jitt siuw six marr suatbingg bow vuejongr ee iwgi, angx-bow ittew, narr angx siw iacc si hisingx, bow rair duer .kir, tauwquer bow jiong' ingxuanw snewmia hro inx sianglangg.
Marr u jitt siqii dongrbut gurgenn, sngr si siongrr jaw ee ar. Dirr qowsu nirr, dongrbut dairviauw langg ee qaksig, dairter langg jyr hisingpinw, hongw langg tiauwbuw ee bongiu; get'axtangg jinr zip jngr zip tokax-xe ee qowsu...
CODEX HAMMURABI
Suar .laii, lanw beh laii knuar 1750B.C. BABYLON HAMMURABI ee sidai, marr si GILGAMESH EPIC (MESOPOTAMIA ee iusiur bunhak jokpinw, qongxsuad inghiongg GILGAMESH ee itsingx, dua ~ ingxhiongw aurdai GREECE/ Qidokqaur ee sinue )cuthen ee sidai.
doo48 si urmiaa ee CODEX HAMMURABI jiyhvix. Cniurr MOSES ui' Iahyhuaa jriab Jap-Qaiwling hitt ngiu, si Taiwiongsinn SHAMASH hro HAMMURABI Ongg ee, ix qingqah u jerje zidciux dyrr si jitt xee iwsur. Lingrgua, UR Sniaa ee kixjyrjiaw cam' derr snax ongdiauu ee URNAMU, inx marr si ui' Taiwiongsinn hiax jriab diyc huatlut. Dng' huatlut duiww anne ee vuerqingw-ha sanxsingx, viauxsi bersaih ui'vue iacc si berdangr kinsi :ee. Dongzenn, sidjer huatlut ee diaubunn si HAMMURABI Ongg jewding, danrsi qinguann laijurr sinn. MOSES Jap-Qaiwling marr si qangrkuanw ee jinghongw.