Shoulder Arthritis
What is it: Osteoarthritis or degenerative changes of the shoulder can occur in the glenohumeral or the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. It usually occurs in older patients, but can occur earlier in patients with previous significant shoulder trauma. Rheumatoid arthritis can also occur in the glenohumeral joint.
How does it present: Patients often present with progressive shoulder pain and decreasing range of motion.
Common exam findings: Exam findings may include pain with general palpation of the glenohumeral or AC joint. In glenohumeral arthritis, decreased range of motion with shoulder abduction, internal and external rotation and pain with ranges of motion may be present. AC joint arthritis may also elicit pain with a cross arm maneuver.
Tests and treatment: X-rays are indicated to evaluate for glenohumeral or AC joint arthritis. Initial treatment is usually conservative initially, i.e., ice and pain medication as needed for relief of pain. Range of motion and stretching exercises can help maintain the function of the shoulder. In cases of AC arthritis, injection can be considered. In cases of glenohumeral arthritis, shoulder replacement may be considered.