Both short-and long-term anti-secretory therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has linked to the following:
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Vitamin B12, C, iron, malabsorption
Increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia
Increased risk of osteoporotic fracture, predominantly hip fracture, secondary to impaired osteoblast activity and decreased calcium absorption
Increased risk of Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, and Campylobacter-associated diarrhea
Inhibition of anti-platelet agents, e.g., clopidogrel
Decreased protein absorption