Knee Osteoarthritis
What is it? Osteoarthritis of the knee is a degenerative process of the joint cartilage. Inflammatory and crystal arthropathies can also occur.
How does it present? The pain associated with osteoarthritis generally develops gradually. The patient may complain that the joint feels stiff, especially in the morning or swells or that they feel the knee is weak. They may notice increased pain with changes in the weather.
Common exam findings: Swelling or small effusion of the knee may be noted as well as some limitations in range of motion and increased pain in flexion.
Tests and treatment: Osteoarthritis is most often evaluated with an Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral x-ray of the knee. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications such as losing weight, and minimizing aggravating activities such as high-impact sports or repetitive bending. Low-impact or aquatic exercises and working on improving range of motion and flexibility can help improve function. Some patients may benefit from supportive devices such as canes or walkers and sometimes knee braces. Icing may be used to help with pain as can several prescription and non-prescription pain relievers. Corticosteroid or hyaluronate injections can be considered. Surgical options may also be considered.