1974 - Plan por Etapas de Arafat o Plan por Fases de la OLP
Resumen
Fuente: PLO's Phased Plan (IRIS) - Misión Palestina ante NNUU - Ariel Center for Policy Research
Tras el fracaso árabe en su ataque a Israel en la Guerra del Iom Kippur de octubre de 1973, los árabes se convencieron de que no podrían ganar una guerra mientras Israel mantuviera las fronteras logradas en la Guerra de los Seis Días de 1967, por lo que adoptaron en una nueva estrategia de tres etapas para destruir Israel, incorporada en la resolución adoptada en 1974 por la OLP, conocida vulgarmente como el Plan por Etapas (en inglés, the Phased Plan).
Brevemente, la estrategia busca:
mediante la "lucha armada" (es decir, mediante el terrorismo), establecer "una Autoridad Nacional combatiente independiente" sobre cualquier territorio "liberado" del dominio de Israel (artículo 2);
continuar la lucha frente a Israel usando el territorio de la autoridad nacional como base de operaciones (artículo 4); y
provocar una guerra total en la que los vecinos árabes de Israel destruyan éste completamente, en sus palabras, "liberar todo el territorio Palestino" (artículo 8).
Por otro lado, los artículos 5 y 6 del Plan llaman a la revolución en Jordania para establecer un nuevo régimen jordano que se convertiría en aliado de la ANP. Historicamente, Jordania abarca el grueso del territorio palestino y la mayoría de sus residentes son de origen palestino. La OLP nunca ha reconocido la legitimidad del Reino de Jordania como estado independiente de Palestina.
Aún hoy este Plan sigue siendo relevante. Justo tras la publicación del Acuerdo Israel-OLP de 1993 (Acuerdos de Oslo), el presidente de la OLP, Yasser Arafat, anunció que el histórico acuerdo "será la base de un estado palestino independiente conforme con la resolución del Consejo Nacional Palestino (CNP) de 1974... La resolución del CNP de 1974 reclama el establecimiento de una Autoridad Nacional sobre cualquier parte del suelo palestino del que se retire Israel o que sea liberado." (Radio Monte Carlo, 1 de septiembre de 1993).
Haciéndose eco de dicho Plan, la OLP denomina "Autoridad Nacional Palestina" al consejo palestino que hoy, 2011, rige la Ribera Occidental y, teóricamente, aunque no en la práctica, Gaza.
Text (English)
Fuente: IRIS
THE PLO'S PHASED PLAN
Political Programme
Adopted at the 12th Session of the Palestinian National Council
Cairo, June 8, 1974
The Palestinian National Council:
On the basis of the Palestinian National Charter and the Political Programme drawn up at the eleventh session, held from January 6-12, 1973; and from its belief that it is impossible for a permanent and just peace to be established in the area unless our Palestinian people recover all their national rights and, first and foremost, their rights to return and to self-determination on the whole of the soil of their homeland; and in the light of a study of the new political circumstances that have come into existence in the period between the Council's last and present sessions, resolves the following:
To reaffirm the Palestine Liberation Organization's previous attitude to Resolution 242, which obliterates the national right of our people and deals with the cause of our people as a problem of refugees. The Council therefore refuses to have anything to do with this resolution at any level, Arab or international, including the Geneva Conference.
The Liberation Organization will employ all means, and first and foremost armed struggle, to liberate Palestinian territory and to establish the independent combatant national authority for the people over every part of Palestinian territory that is liberated. This will require further changes being effected in the balance of power in favour of our people and their struggle.
The Liberation Organization will struggle against any proposal for a Palestinian entity the price of which is recognition, peace, secure frontiers, renunciation of national rights and the deprival of our people of their right to return and their right to self-determination on the soil of their homeland.
Any step taken towards liberation is a step towards the realization of the Liberation Organization's strategy of establishing the democratic Palestinian state specified in the resolutions of previous Palestinian National Councils.
Struggle along with the Jordanian national forces to establish a Jordanian-Palestinian national front whose aim will be to set up in Jordan a democratic national authority in close contact with the Palestinian entity that is established through the struggle.
The Liberation Organization will struggle to establish unity in struggle between the two peoples and between all the forces of the Arab liberation movement that are in agreement on this programme.
In the light of this programme, the Liberation Organization will struggle to strengthen national unity and to raise it to the level where it will be able to perform its national duties and tasks.
Once it is estabished, the Palestinian national authority will strive to achieve a union of the confrontation countries, with the aim of completing the liberation of all Palestinian territory, and as a step along the road to comprehensive Arab unity.
The Liberation Organization will strive to strengthen its solidarity with the socialist countries, and with forces of liberation and progress throughout the world, with the aim of frustration all the schemes of Zionism, reaction and imperialism.
In light of this programme, the leadership of the revolution will determine the tactics which will serve and make possible the realization of these objectives.
The Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization will make every effort to implement this programme, and should a situation arise affecting the destiny and the future of the Palestinian people, the National Assembly will be convened in extraordinary session.