1994 - Israel-Jordania - Tratado de Paz (26 oct)
Antecedentes: las negociaciones previas
Las conversaciones bilaterales entre Israel y Jordania, que comenzaron en la Conferencia de Madrid, continuaron en Washington por casi dos años hasta la firma de la Agenda Común Israelo-Jordana el 14 de septiembre de 1993. La Agenda Común constituyó el borrador para el tratado de paz, que comprende los siguientes aspectos: seguridad, recursos hídricos, refugiados y personas desplazadas, fronteras y asuntos territoriales.
La primera reunión pública entre el rey Hussein y el primer ministro Rabín tuvo lugar el Washington, el 25 de julio de 1994. De esta reunión surgió la Declaración de Washington, firmada por el primer ministro Rabín y el rey Hussein, con el presidente Clinton como testigo.
Resumen
Fuente:
Tres años de conversaciones entre Jordania e Israel, como consecuencia de la Conferencia de Paz de Madrid de 1991, concluyeron con una declaración conjunta del rey Hussein y el primer ministro Itzjak Rabín (25 julio de 1994) que ponía fin a los 46 años de beligerancia entre ambos países.
El 26 de octubre de 1994, en el puesto fronterizo Aravá (cerca de Eilat en Israel y Akaba en Jordania), el primer ministro Itzjak Rabín y el primer ministro Abdul-Salam Majali, en presencia del presidente de Estados Unidos, Bill Clinton, firmaron el Tratado de Paz entre el Estado de Israel y el Reino Hashemita de Jordania, el segundo tratado de paz que firmara Israel desde su independencia.
El tratado de paz con Jordania comprende 30 artículos, cinco anexos que se refieren a la demarcación de la frontera, asuntos referentes a los recursos hídricos, cooperación policial, temas ambientales y cruces de fronteras, y seis mapas.
En este emotivo acto se acordó que la frontera del río Jordán se mantendría como límite entre los países con algunos cambios mínimos:
terrenos agrícolas israelíes que deberían quedar bajo soberanía jordana fueron intercambiados por otros terrenos y así se compensaban las diferencias;
en las zonas de Naharaim y en los campos del Moshav Tzofer se establecería un acuerdo especial por el cual los terrenos seguirían siendo trabajados por los agrícolas israelíes a cambio del pago de un alquiler durante 25 años; estos terrenos quedarían bajo soberanía jordana a pesar de que los agrícolas israelíes podían pasar continuamente;
Estados Unidos se comprometía a anular las deudas que Jordania había contraído;
Israel y Jordania acordaron la división de las aguas del río Jordán y el establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas y turísticas entre los países;
además, Israel concedía la administración de los lugares santos musulmanes en Jerusalén a Jordania, despertando la dura crítica de Yasser Arafat, quien también aspiraba a controlarlos.
La firma del pacto de paz con Jordania motivó una impresionante ola de israelíes ansiosos por visitar el país vecino.
106 diputados de la Knesset votaron a favor del acuerdo de paz con Jordania, 3 votaron en contra, 6 se abstuvieron y otros 6 faltaron a la histórica sesión del 26 de octubre de 1994.
Puntos Principales
Las principales disposiciones del tratado son las siguientes:
1. Frontera Internacional
El convenio delimita la frontera internacional acordada entre Israel y Jordania, incluyendo las aguas territoriales y el espacio aéreo. Este límite fue delineado con referencia a la frontera del Mandato y está marcado en los mapas adjuntos al acuerdo. El acuerdo estipula algunas modificaciones pequeñas a la frontera, que permitirán a los granjeros israelíes de la Aravá seguir cultivando sus tierras.
El área de Naharaim/Baqura y el área de Tzofar quedarán bajo soberanía jordana, con derechos de uso privado de las tierras para Israel. Estos derechos incluyen la libertad para entrar y salir del área y para desplazarse dentro de ella. Estas áreas no están sujetas a legislaciones de aduanas o inmigración. Estos derechos permanecerán en vigor durante 25 años y serán renovados automáticamente por el mismo período, a menos que cualquiera de los dos países desee dar fin al arreglo, en cuyo caso se llevarán a cabo consultas.
2. Seguridad
Ambas partes se abstendrán de participar en actos de beligerancia o hostilidad, garantizarán que no se originen amenazas de violencia contra la otra parte desde sus territorios y tomarán medias necesarias y efectivas para impedir actos de terrorismo. También se abstendrán de formar parte de una coalición cuyos objetivos incluyan la agresión militar contra la otra parte. Israel y Jordania se abstendrán de emitir propaganda hostil y rechazarán toda referencia discriminatoria y expresiones de hostilidad en sus respectivas legislaciones.
Ambos países establecerán una Conferencia de Seguridad y Cooperación en el Medio Oriente (CSCMO), que seguirá el modelo de la Conferencia de Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa (CSCE). Este es un intento ambicioso de substituir la idea clásica de la seguridad, reemplazando las viejas nociones de disuasión y preparación militar por medidas para crear confianza. A su debido tiempo, esto conducirá al establecimiento de la confianza mutua e instituciones dirigidas a prevenir las guerras y fortalecer la cooperación.
3. Agua
Israel y Jordania han acordado distribuciones del agua de los ríos Jordán y Yarmuk, y de las aguas subterráneas de la Aravá/Arabá. Israel aceptó transferir a Jordania 50 millones de metros cúbicos de agua anualmente desde el norte del país. Además, los dos países convinieron en cooperar para aliviar la escasez de agua desarrollando recursos hídricos nuevos y existentes, impidiendo la contaminación de los recursos hídricos y minimizando el desperdicio de agua.
4. Libertad de Movimiento
Los ciudadanos de ambos países y sus vehículos tendrán libertad de movimiento a lo largo de las carreteras abiertas y los cruces de fronteras. Naves de ambos países tendrán el derecho de navegar sobre las aguas territoriales y tendrán acceso a los puertos. Se están llevando a cabo negociaciones para un acuerdo de aviación civil. El estrecho de Tirán y el Golfo de Aqaba son considerados vías acuáticas internacionales, abiertas a todas las naciones para la libertad de navegación y sobrevuelo.
5. Lugares de Significancia Histórica y Religiosa
Habrá libertad de acceso a los lugares de significancia histórica y religiosa. De acuerdo con la Declaración de Washington, Israel respeta el actual rol especial del Reino Hashemita de Jordania en los santuarios musulmanes en Jerusalem. Cuando se realicen las negociaciones sobre el status permanente, según lo estipulado en la Declaracion de Principios, Israel dará alta prioridad al rol histórico de Jordania en estos santuarios.
6. Refugiados y Personas Desplazadas
Las partes reconocen los problemas humanos causados por el conflicto en el Medio Oriente, y convienen en aliviarlos a nivel bilateral y en tratar de solucionarlos a través de tres canales:
La comisión cuadripartita con Egipto y los palestinos con respecto a personas desplazadas,
El Grupo de Trabajo Multilateral sobre Refugiados.
Negociaciones, dentro de en un marco a ser acordado, ya sea bilateral o de otra manera, en conjunción con las negociaciones sobre el status permanente detalladas en la Declaración de Principios.
7. Normalización de Relaciones entre Jordania e Israel
El tratado de paz se refiere no sólo al fin de la guerra, sino también a la normalización. Los dos países establecerán relaciones diplomáticas plenas incluyendo el nombramiento de embajadores y el establecimiento de embajadas. Varios de los artículos del tratado se refieren a las cuestiones prácticas de la normalización en temas tales como la cultura y la ciencia, la guerra contra el crimen y las drogas, el transporte y las carreteras, los servicios postales y las telecomunicaciones, el turismo, el medio ambiente, la salud, la agricultura y el desarrollo del Valle del Jordán y del área de Aqaba/Eilat.
La cooperación económica es considerada como uno de los pilares de la paz, vital para la promoción de las relaciones seguras y armoniosas entre los dos pueblos. Jordania e Israel mantendrán buenas relaciones de vecinos por medio de la cooperación en muchas esferas en proyectos conjuntos, entre ellos: desarrollo de fuentes de energía y recursos hídricos, protección del medio ambiente, desarrollo conjunto del turismo y desarrollo del Valle del Jordán.
ACUERDOS BILATERALES
Luego de ser ratificado el acuerdo de paz, Israel y Jordania establecieron relaciones diplomáticas plenas el 27 de noviembre de 1994, incluyendo el nombramiento de embajadores y la apertura de embajadas. Desde entonces, las relaciones entre Israel y Jordania han avanzado de manera estable. La decisión del parlamento jordano en agosto de 1995 de abolir su adherencia al boicot árabe contra Israel, así como la conferencia económica regional realizada en Ammán en noviembre de 1995, constituyeron positivos indicadores sobre el porvenir.
Los pasos fronterizos abiertos que unen a los dos países han facilitado la normalización de las relaciones. Fueron establecidas empresas conjuntas viables y el movimiento libre de comerciantes por tierra y aire ha creado una atmósfera de cooperación y comunicación abierta. El turismo entre los dos países ha incrementado.
La base para la implementación del tratado de paz con Jordania fue sentada con los 15 acuerdos bilaterales que fueron firmados y ratificados desde entonces. Estos acuerdos comprenden las siguientes áreas: protección ambiental, comercio, transporte aéreo y terrestre, recursos hídricos, agricultura, la lucha contra el crimen y las drogas, comunicaciones y correo, ciencia y cultura, educación, salud, fronteras, la región de Aqaba-Eilat, turismo y energía. Estos tratados han de servir como fundamento de las relaciones pacíficas y normales entre Israel y el Reino Hashemita.
Estos son algunos de los muchos aspectos de las actividades en cada área:
Comercio
Ambas partes se reunen regularmente a fin de facilitar el flujo continuo de productos entre ambos países. En la reunión de los ministros de Comercio, Israel acordó ampliar la lista de artículos importados de Jordania exentos de aranceles.
Transporte
Líneas regulares de transporte público operan entre las principales ciudades jordanas e israelíes. Además, los vehículos de pasajeros pueden ahora viajar entre los dos países.
Transporte Aéreo
En abril de 1996 se inauguraron servicios aéreos con itinerarios regulares entre Ammán y Tel Aviv. Actualmente, cada una de las respectivas aerolíneas nacionales operan seis vuelos semanales entre estas ciudades. En enero de 1997 se inauraron además dos vuelos semanales entre Ammán y Haifa.
Comunicaciones y correo
Existen servicios normales de teléfonos y correo entre Israel y Jordania.
Región de Aqaba-Eilat
Las dos ciudades que limitan con el Mar Rojo mantienen fuertes lazos de cooperación regional. Delegaciones de ambas ciudades se reúnen regularmente. Fue logrado un acuerdo que permite el cruce de botes pequeños en el Golfo de Eilat. Se están llevando a cabo discuciones para expeditar el cruce de la frontera para los residentes de ambas ciudades. Fue acordada la realización conjunta de eventos culturales como un medio para fortalecer los lazos.
Visitas
Las visitas a nivel ministerial han pasado a ser eventos relativamente normales. El primer ministro Netaniahu, el presidente Weizman y el canciller Levy visitaron Jordania en meses recientes. El rey Hussein y el primer ministro Kabariti visitaron Israel para asistir a reuniones de alto nivel en un esfuerzo de asistir en las conversaciones con la Autoridad Palestina.
Text (english)
Fuente: Ministerio de RREE de Israel - The Avalon Project - Yale Law School
TREATY OF PEACE
BETWEEN THE STATE OF ISRAEL AND THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN
October 26, 1994
PREAMBLE
The Government of the State of Israel and the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan:
Bearing in mind the Washington Declaration , signed by them on 25th July, 1994, and which they are both committed to honour;
Aiming at the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in the Middle East based an Security Council resolutions 242 and 338 in all their aspects;
Bearing in mind the importance of maintaining and strengthening peace based on freedom, equality, justice and respect for fundamental human rights, thereby overcoming psychological barriers and promoting human dignity;
Reaffirming their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and recognising their right and obligation to live in peace with each other as well as with all states, within secure and recognised boundaries;
Desiring to develop friendly relations and co-operation between them in accordance with the principles of international law governing international relations in time of peace;
Desiring as well to ensure lasting security for both their States and in particular to avoid threats and the use of force between them;
Bearing in mind that in their Washington Declaration of 25th July, 1994, they declared the termination of the state of belligerency between them;
Deciding to establish peace between them in accordance with this Treaty of Peace;
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE 1 - ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE
Peace is hereby established between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (the "Parties") effective from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 2 - GENERAL PRINCIPLES
The Parties will apply between them the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law governing relations among states in times of peace. In particular:
They recognise and will respect each other's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence;
They recognise and will respect each other's right to live in peace within secure and recognised boundaries;
They will develop good neighbourly relations of co-operation between them to ensure lasting security, will refrain from the threat or use of force against each other and will settle all disputes between them by peaceful means;
They respect and recognise the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every state in the region;
They respect and recognise the pivotal role of human development and dignity in regional and bilateral relationships;
They further believe that within their control, involuntary movements of persons in such a way as to adversely prejudice the security of either Party should not be permitted.
ARTICLE 3 - INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
The international boundary between Israel and Jordan is delimited with reference to the boundary definition under the Mandate as is shown in Annex I (a), on the mapping materials attached thereto and co-ordinates specified therein.
The boundary, as set out in Annex I (a), is the permanent, secure and recognised international boundary between Israel and Jordan, without prejudice to the status of any territories that came under Israeli military government control in 1967.
The parties recognise the international boundary, as well as each other's territory, territorial waters and airspace, as inviolable, and will respect and comply with them.
The demarcation of the boundary will take place as set forth in Appendix (I) to Annex I and will be concluded not later than nine months after the signing of the Treaty.
It is agreed that where the boundary follows a river, in the event of natural changes in the course of the flow of the river as described in Annex I (a), the boundary shall follow the new course of the flow. In the event of any other changes the boundary shall not be affected unless otherwise agreed.
Immediately upon the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty, each Party will deploy on its side of the international boundary as defined in Annex I (a).
The Parties shall, upon the signature of the Treaty, enter into negotiations to conclude, within 9 months, an agreement on the delimitation of their maritime boundary in the Gulf of Aqaba.
Taking into account the special circumstances of the Naharayim/Baqura area, which is under Jordanian sovereignty, with Israeli private ownership rights, the Parties agreed to apply the provisions set out in Annex I (b).
With respect to the Zofar/Al-Ghamr area, the provisions set out in Annex I (c) will apply.
ARTICLE 4 - SECURITY
Both Parties, acknowledging that mutual understanding and co-operation in security-related matters will form a significant part of their relations and will further enhance the security of the region, take upon themselves to base their security relations on mutual trust, advancement of joint interests and co- operation, and to aim towards a regional framework of partnership in peace.
Towards that goal the Parties recognise the achievements of the European Community and European Union in the development of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) and commit themselves to the creation, in the Middle East, of a CSCME (Conference on Security and Co-operation in the Middle East).
This commitment entails the adoption of regional models of security successfully implemented in the post World War era (along the lines of the Helsinki process) culminating in a regional zone of security and stability.
The obligations referred to in this Article are without prejudice to the inherent right of self-defence in accordance with the United Nations Charter.
The Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, the following:
to refrain from the threat or use of force or weapons, conventional, non-conventional or of any other kind, against each other, or of other actions or activities that adversely affect the security of the other Party;
to refrain from organising, instigating, inciting, assisting or participating in acts or threats of belligerency, hostility, subversion or violence against the other Party;
to take necessary and effective measures to ensure that acts or threats of belligerency, hostility, subversion or violence against the other Party do not originate from, and are not committed within, through or over their territory (hereinafter the term "territory" includes the airspace and territorial waters).
Consistent with the era of peace and with the efforts to build regional security and to avoid and prevent aggression and violence, the Parties further agree to refrain from the following:
joining or in any way assisting, promoting or co-operating with any coalition, organisation or alliance with a military or security character with a third party, the objectives or activities of which include launching aggression or other acts of military hostility against the other Party, in contravention of the provisions of the present Treaty.
allowing the entry, stationing and operating on their territory, or through it, of military forces, personnel or materiel of a third party, in circumstances which may adversely prejudice the security of the other Party.
Both Parties will take necessary and effective measures, and will co-operate in combating terrorism of all kinds. The Parties undertake:
to take necessary and effective measures to prevent acts of terrorism, subversion or violence from being carried out from their territory or through it and to take necessary and effective measures to combat such activities and all their perpetrators.
without prejudice to the basic rights of freedom of expression and association, to take necessary and effective measures to prevent the entry, presence and co-operation in their territory of any group or organisation, and their infrastructure, which threatens the security of the other Party by the use of or incitement to the use of, violent means.
to co-operate in preventing and combating cross-boundary infiltrations.
Any question as to the implementation of this Article will be dealt with through a mechanism of consultations which will include a liaison system, verification, supervision, and where necessary, other mechanisms, and higher level consultation. The details of the mechanism of consultations will be contained in an agreement to be concluded by the Parties within 3 months of the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
The Parties undertake to work as a matter of priority, and as soon as possible in the context of the Multilateral Working Group on Arms Control and Regional Security, and jointly, towards the following:
the creation in the Middle East of a region free from hostile alliances and coalitions;
the creation of a Middle East free from weapons of mass destruction, both conventional and non- conventional, in the context of a comprehensive, lasting and stable peace, characterised by the renunciation of the use of force, reconciliation and goodwill.
ARTICLE 5 - DIPLOMATIC AND OTHER BILATERAL RELATIONS
The Parties agree to establish full diplomatic and consular relations and to exchange resident ambassadors within one month of the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
The Parties agree that the normal relationship between them will further include economic and cultural relations.
ARTICLE 6 - WATER
With the view to achieving a comprehensive and lasting settlement of all the water problems between them:
The Parties agree mutually to recognise the rightful allocations of both of them in Jordan River and Yarmouk River waters and Araba/Arava ground water in accordance with the agreed acceptable principles, quantities and quality as set out in Annex II , which shall be fully respected and complied with.
The Parties, recognising the necessity to find a practical, just and agreed solution to their water problems and with the view that the subject of water can form the basis for the advancement of co- operation between them, jointly undertake to ensure that the management and development of their water resources do not, in any way, harm the water resources of the other Party.
The Parties recognise that their water resources are not sufficient to meet their needs. More water should be supplied for their use through various methods, including projects of regional and international co-operation.
In light of paragraph 3 of this Article, with the understanding that co-operation in water-related subjects would be to the benefit of both Parties, and will help alleviate their water shortages, and that water issues along their entire boundary must be dealt with in their totality, including the possibility of trans-boundary water transfers, the Parties agree to search for ways to alleviate water shortage and to co- operate in the following fields:
development of existing and new water resources, increasing the water availability including co- operation on a regional basis as appropriate, and minimising wastage of water resources through the chain of their uses;
prevention of contamination of water resources;
mutual assistance in the alleviation of water shortages;
transfer of information and joint research and development in water-related subjects, and review of the potentials for enhancement of water resources development and use.
The implementation of both Parties' undertakings under this Article is detailed in Annex II.
ARTICLE 7 - ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Viewing economic development and prosperity as pillars of peace, security and harmonious relations between states, peoples and individual human beings, the Parties, taking note of understandings reached between them, affirm their mutual desire to promote economic co-operation between them, as well as within the framework of wider regional economic co-operation.
In order to accomplish this goal, the Parties agree to the following:
to remove all discriminatory barriers to normal economic relations, to terminate economic boycotts directed at each other, and to co-operate in terminating boycotts against either Party by third parties;
recognising that the principle of free and unimpeded flow of goods and services should guide their relations, the Parties will enter into negotiations with a view to concluding agreements on economic co- operation, including trade and the establishment of a free trade area, investment, banking, industrial co- operation and labour, for the purpose of promoting beneficial economic relations, based on principles to be agreed upon, as well as on human development considerations on a regional basis. These negotiations will be concluded no later than 6 months from the exchange the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
to co-operate bilaterally, as well as in multilateral forums, towards the promotion of their respective economies and of their neighbourly economic relations with other regional parties.
ARTICLE 8 - REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS
Recognising the massive human problems caused to both Parties by the conflict in the Middle East, as well as the contribution made by them towards the alleviation of human suffering, the Parties will seek to further alleviate those problems arising on a bilateral level.
Recognising that the above human problems caused by the conflict in the Middle East cannot be fully resolved on the bilateral level, the Parties will seek to resolve them in appropriate forums, in accordance with international law, including the following:
in the case of displaced persons, in a quadripartite committee together with Egypt and the Palestinians:
in the case of refugees,
in the framework of the Multilateral Working Group on Refugees;
in negotiations, in a framework to be agreed, bilateral or otherwise, in conjunction with and at the same time as the permanent status negotiations pertaining to the territories referred to in Article 3 of this Treaty;
through the implementation of agreed United Nations programmes and other agreed international economic programmes concerning refugees and displaced persons, including assistance to their settlement.
ARTICLE 9 - PLACES OF HISTORICAL AND RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE
Each party will provide freedom of access to places of religious and historical significance.
In this regard, in accordance with the Washington Declaration, Israel respects the present special role of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in Muslim Holy shrines in Jerusalem. When negotiations on the permanent status will take place, Israel will give high priority to the Jordanian historic role in these shrines.
The Parties will act together to promote interfaith relations among the three monotheistic religions, with the aim of working towards religious understanding, moral commitment, freedom of religious worship, and tolerance and peace.
ARTICLE 10 - CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES
The Parties, wishing to remove biases developed through periods of conflict, recognise the desirability of cultural and scientific exchanges in all fields, and agree to establish normal cultural relations between them. Thus, they shall, as soon as possible and not later than 9 months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty, conclude the negotiations on cultural and scientific agreements.
ARTICLE 11 - MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND GOOD NEIGHBOURLY RELATIONS
The Parties will seek to foster mutual understanding and tolerance based on shared historic values, and accordingly undertake:
to abstain from hostile or discriminatory propaganda against each other, and to take all possible legal and administrative measures to prevent the dissemination of such propaganda by any organisation or individual present in the territory of either Party;
as soon as possible, and not later than 3 months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty, to repeal all adverse or discriminatory references and expressions of hostility in their respective legislation;
to refrain in all government publications from any such references or expressions;
to ensure mutual enjoyment by each other's citizens of due process of law within their respective legal systems and before their courts.
Paragraph 1 (a) of this Article is without prejudice to the right to freedom of expression as contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
A joint committee shall be formed to examine incidents where one Party claims there has been a violation of this Article.
ARTICLE 12 - COMBATING CRIME AND DRUGS
The Parties will co-operate in combating crime, with an emphasis on smuggling, and will take all necessary measures to combat and prevent such activities as the production of, as well as the trafficking in illicit drugs, and will bring to trial perpetrators of such acts. In this regard, they take note of the understandings reached between them in the above spheres, in accordance with Annex IIIand undertake to conclude all relevant agreements not later than 9 months from the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 13 - TRANSPORTATION AND ROADS
Taking note of the progress already made in the area of transportation, the Parties recognise the mutuality of interest in good neighbourly relations in the area of transportation and agree to the following means to promote relations between them in this sphere:
Each party will permit the free movement of nationals and vehicles of the other into and within its territory according to the general rules applicable to nationals and vehicles of other states. Neither party will impose discriminatory taxes or restrictions on the free movement of persons and vehicles from its territory to the territory of the other.
The Parties will open and maintain roads and border-crossings between their countries and will consider further road and rail links between them.
The Parties will continue their negotiations concerning mutual transportation agreements in the above and other areas, such as joint projects, traffic safety, transport standards and norms, licensing of vehicles, land passages, shipment of goods and cargo, and meteorology, to be concluded not later than 6 months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
The Parties agree to continue their negotiations for a highway to be constructed and maintained between Egypt, Israel and Jordan near Eilat.
ARTICLE 14 - FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION AND ACCESS TO PORTS
Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 3, each Party recognises the right of the vessels of the other Party to innocent passage through its territorial waters in accordance with the rules of international law.
Each Party will grant normal access to its ports for vessels and cargoes of the other, as well as vessels and cargoes destined for or coming from the other Party. Such access will be granted on the same conditions as generally applicable to vessels and cargoes of other nations.
The Parties consider the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba to be international waterways open to all nations for unimpeded and non-suspendable freedom of navigation and overflight. The Parties will respect each other's right to navigation and overflight for access to either Party through the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba.
ARTICLE 15 - CIVIL AVIATION
The Parties recognise as applicable to each other the rights, privileges and obligations provided for by the multilateral aviation agreements to which they are both party, particularly by the 1944 Convention on International Civil Aviation (The Chicago Convention) and the 1944 International Air Services Transit Agreement.
Any declaration of national emergency by a Party under Article 89 of the Chicago Convention will not be applied to the other Party on a discriminatory basis.
The Parties take note of the negotiations on the international air corridor to be opened between them in accordance with the Washington Declaration. In addition, the Parties shall, upon ratification of this Treaty, enter into negotiations for the purpose of concluding a Civil Aviation Agreement. All the above negotiations are to be concluded not later than 6 months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 16 - POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The Parties take note of the opening between them, in accordance with the Washington Declaration, of direct telephone and facsimile lines. Postal links, the negotiations on which having been concluded, will be activated upon the signature of this Treaty. The Parties further agree that normal wireless and cable communications and television relay services by cable, radio and satellite, will be established between them, in accordance with all relevant international conventions and regulations. The negotiations on these subjects will be concluded not later than 9 months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 17 - TOURISM
The Parties affirm their mutual desire to promote co-operation between them in the field of tourism. In order to accomplish this goal, the Parties -- taking note of the understandings reached between them concerning tourism -- agree to negotiate, as soon as possible, and to conclude not later than three months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty, an agreement to facilitate and encourage mutual tourism and tourism from third countries.
ARTICLE 18 - ENVIRONMENT
The Parties will co-operate in matters relating to the environment, a sphere to which they attach great importance, including conservation of nature and prevention of pollution, as set forth inAnnex IV . They will negotiate an agreement on the above, to be concluded not later than 6 months from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 19 - ENERGY
The Parties will co-operate in the development of energy resources, including the development of energy-related projects such as the utilisation of solar energy.
The Parties, having concluded their negotiations on the interconnecting of their electric grids in the Eilat-Aqaba area, will implement the interconnecting upon the signature of this Treaty. The Parties view this step as a part of a wider binational and regional concept. They agree to continue their negotiations as soon as possible to widen the scope of their interconnected grids.
The Parties will conclude the relevant agreements in the field of energy within 6 months from the date of exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 20 - RIFT VALLEY DEVELOPMENT
The Parties attach great importance to the integrated development of the Jordan Rift Valley area, including joint projects in the economic, environmental, energy-related and tourism fields. Taking note of the Terms of Reference developed in the framework of the Trilateral Israel-Jordan-US Economic Committee towards the Jordan Rift Valley Development Master Plan, they will vigorously continue their efforts towards the completion of planning and towards implementation.
ARTICLE 21 - HEALTH
The Parties will co-operate in the area of health and shall negotiate with a view to the conclusion of an agreement within 9 months of the exchange of instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 22 - AGRICULTURE
The Parties will co-operate in the areas of agriculture, including veterinary services, plant protection, biotechnology and marketing, and shall negotiate with a view to the conclusion of an agreement within 6 months from the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
ARTICLE 23 - AQABA AND EILAT
The Parties agree to enter into negotiations, as soon as possible, and not later than one month from the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty, on arrangements that would enable the joint development of the towns of Aqaba and Eilat with regard to such matters, inter alia, as joint tourism development, joint customs, free trade zone, co-operation in aviation, prevention of pollution, maritime matters, police, customs and health co-operation. The Parties will conclude all relevant agreements within 9 months from the exchange of instruments of ratification of the Treaty.
ARTICLE 24 - CLAIMS
The Parties agree to establish a claims commission for the mutual settlement of all financial claims.
ARTICLE 25 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting, in any way, the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations.
The Parties undertake to fulfil in good faith their obligations under this Treaty, without regard to action or inaction of any other party and independently of any instrument inconsistent with this Treaty. For the purposes of this paragraph each Party represents to the other that in its opinion and interpretation there is no inconsistency between their existing treaty obligations and this Treaty.
They further undertake to take all the necessary measures for the application in their relations of the provisions of the multilateral conventions to which they are parties, including the submission of appropriate notification to the Secretary General of the United Nations and other depositories of such conventions.
Both Parties will also take all the necessary steps to abolish all pejorative references to the other Party, in multilateral conventions to which they are parties, to the extent that such references exist.
The Parties undertake not to enter into any obligation in conflict with this Treaty.
Subject to Article 103 of the United Nations Charter, in the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Parties under the present Treaty and any of their other obligations, the obligations under this Treaty will be binding and implemented.
ARTICLE 26 - LEGISLATION
Within 3 months of the exchange of ratifications of this Treaty the Parties undertake to enact any legislation necessary in order to implement the Treaty, and to terminate any international commitments and to repeal any legislation that is inconsistent with the Treaty.
ARTICLE 27 - RATIFICATION
This Treaty shall be ratified by both Parties in conformity with their respective national procedures. It shall enter into force on the exchange of instruments of ratification.
The Annexes, Appendices, and other attachments to this Treaty shall be considered integral parts thereof.
ARTICLE 28 - INTERIM MEASURES
The Parties will apply, in certain spheres, to be agreed upon, interim measures pending the conclusion of the relevant agreements in accordance with this Treaty, as stipulated in Annex V .
ARTICLE 29 - SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
Disputes arising out of the application or interpretation of this Treaty shall be resolved by negotiations.
Any such disputes which cannot be settled by negotiations shall be resolved by conciliation or submitted to arbitration.
ARTICLE 30 - REGISTRATION
This Treaty shall be transmitted to the Secretary General of the United Nations for registration in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Done at the Arava/Araba Crossing Point this day Heshvan 21st, 5775, Jumada Al-Ula 21st, 1415 which corresponds to 26th October, 1994 in the Hebrew, English and Arabic languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence of interpretation the English text shall prevail.
For the State of Israel
Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister
For the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Abdul Salam Majali, Prime Minister
Witnessed by:
William J. Clinton
President of the United States of America
Resumen
International Boundary
Naharayim/Baqura Area
Zofar Area
Appendices (27 sheets):
Emer Ha'arava (10 sheets), 1:20,000 orthophoto maps
Dead Sea (2 sheets), 1:50,000 orthoimages
Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers (12 sheets), 1:10,000 orthophoto maps
Naharayim Area (1 sheet), 1:10,000 orthophoto map
Zofar Area (1 sheet), 1:20,000 orthophoto map
Gulf of Eilat (1 sheet), 1:50,000 orthoimage
ANNEX I (a) - Israel-Jordan International Boundary Delimitation and Demarcation
It is agreed that, in accordance with Article 3 of the Treaty, the international boundary between the two states consists of the following sectors:
The Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers
The Dead Sea
The Emek Ha'arva/Wadi Araba
The Gulf of Aqaba
The boundary is delimited as follows:
Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers:
The boundary line shall follow the middle of the main course of the flow of the Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers.
The boundary line shall follow natural changes (accretion or erosion) in the course of the rivers unless otherwise agreed. Artificial changes in or of the course of the rivers shall not affect the location of the boundary unless otherwise agreed. No artificial changes may be made except by agreement between both Parties.
In the event of a future sudden natural change in or of the course of the rivers (avulsion or cutting of new bed) the Joint Boundary Commission (Article 3 below) shall meet as soon as possible, to decide on necessary measures, which may include physical restoration of the prior location of the river course.
The boundary line in the two rivers is shown on the 1:10,000 orthophoto maps dated 1994 (Appendix III attached to this Annex).
Adjustment to the boundary line in any of the rivers due to natural changes (accretion or erosion) shall be carried out whenever it is deemed necessary by the Joint Boundary Commission or once every five years.
The lines defining the special Naharayim/Baqura area are shown on the 1:10,000 orthophoto map (Appendix IV attached to this Annex).
The orthophoto maps and image maps showing the line separating Jordan from the territory that came under Israeli Military government control in 1967 shall have that line indicated in a different presentation and the legend shall carry on it the following disclaimer:
"This line is the administrative boundary between Jordan and the territory which came under Israeli military government control in 1967. Any treatment of this line shall be without prejudice to the status of the territory."
Dead Sea and Salt Pans
The boundary line is shown on the 1:50000 image maps (2 sheets, Appendix II attached to this Annex). The list of geographic and Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of this boundary line shall be based on Israel Jordan Boundary Datum (IJBD 1994) and, when completed and agreed upon by both parties, this list of coordinates shall be binding and take precedence over the maps as to the location of the boundary line in the Dead Sea and the salt pans.
Emek Ha'arava/Wadi Araba
The boundary line is shown on the 1:20,000 orthophoto maps (10 sheets, Appendix I attached to this Annex).
The land boundary shall be demarcated, under a joint boundary demarcation procedure, by boundary pillars which will be jointly located, erected, measured and documented on the basis of the boundary shown in the 1:20,000 orthophoto maps referred to in Article 2-C-(1) above. Between each two adjacent boundary pillars the boundary line shall follow a straight line.
The boundary pillars shall be defined in a list of geographic and UTM coordinates based on a joint boundary datum (IJBD 94) to be agreed upon by the Joint Team of Experts appointed by the two parties (hereinafter the JTE) using joint Global Positioning System (GPS) Measurements. The list of coordinates shall be prepared, signed and approved by both parties as soon as possible and not later than 9 months after this Treaty enters into force and shall become part of this Annex. This list of geographic and UTM coordinates when completed and agreed upon by both parties shall be binding and shall take precedence over the maps as to the location of the boundary line of this sector.
The boundary pillars shall be maintained by both Parties in accordance with a procedure to be agreed upon. The coordinates in article 2-C-(3) above shall be used to reconstruct boundary pillars in case they are damaged, destroyed or displaced.
The line defining the Zofar/Al-Ghamr area is shown on the 1:20,000 Emek Ha'arava/Wadi Araba orthophoto map (Appendix V attached to the Annex).
The Gulf of Aqaba
The parties shall act in accordance with Article 3.7 of the Treaty.
Joint Boundary Commission
For the purpose of the implementation of this annex, the Parties will establish a Joint Boundary Commission comprised of three members from each country.
The Commission will, with the approval of the respective governments, specify its work procedures, the frequency of its meetings, and the details of its scope of work. The Commission may invite experts and/or advisors as may be required.
The Commission may form, as it deems necessary, specialized teams or committees and assign to them technical tasks.
ANNEX I (b) - The Naharayim/Baqura Area
The two Parties agree that a special regime will apply to the Naharayim/Baqura area ("the area") on a temporary basis, as set out in this Annex. For the purpose of this Annex the area is detailed in Appendix IV.
Recognising that in the area which is under Jordan's sovereignty with Israeli private land ownership rights and property interests ("land owners") in the land comprising the area ("the land") Jordan undertakes:
to grant without charge unimpeded freedom of entry to, exit from land usage and movement within the area to the land-owners and to their invitees or employees and to allow the land-owners freely to dispose of their land in accordance with applicable Jordanian law;
not to apply its customs or immigration legislation to land-owners, their invitees or employees crossing from Israel directly to the area for the purpose of gaining access to the land for agricultural or any agreed purposes;
not to impose discriminatory taxes or charges with regard to the land or activities within the area;
to take all necessary measures to protect and prevent harassment of or harm to any person entering the area under this Annex;
to permit with the minimum of formality, uniformed officers of the Israeli police force access to the area for the purpose of investigating crime or dealing with other incidents solely involving the landowners, their invitees or employees.
Recognising Jordanian sovereignty over the area, Israel undertakes:
not to carry out or allow to be carried out in the area activities prejudicial to the peace or security of Jordan;
not to allow any person entering the area under this Annex (other than the uniformed officers referred to in paragraph 2(e) of this Annex) to carry weapons of any kind in the area; unless authorized by the licensing authorities in Jordan after being processed by the liaison committee referred to in Article 8 of this Annex.
not to allow the dumping of wastes from outside the area into the area.
Subject to this Annex, Jordanian law will apply to this area.
Israeli law applying to the extra territorial activities of Israelis may be applied to Israelis and their activities in the area, and Israel may take measures in the area to enforce such laws.
Having regard to this Annex, Jordan will not apply its criminal laws to activities in the area which involve only Israeli nationals.
In the event of any joint projects to be agreed and developed by the parties in the area the terms of this Annex amy be altered for the purpose of the joint project by agreement between the Parties at any time. One of the options to be discussed in the context of the joint projects would be the establishment of a Free- Trade Zone.
Without prejudice to private rights of ownership of land within the area, this Annex will remain in force for 25 years, and shall be renewed automatically for the same periods, unless one year prior notice of termination is given by either Party, in which case, at the request of either Party, consultations shall be entered into.
In addition to the requirement referred to in Article 4 (a) of this Annex, the acquisition of land in the area by persons who are not Israeli citizens shall take place only with the prior approval of Jordan.
An Israeli-Jordanian Liaison Committee is hereby established in order to deal with all matters arising under this Annex.
ANNEX I (c) - The Zofar/Al-Ghamr Area
The two Parties agree that a special regime will apply to the Zofar/ Al-Ghamr area ("the area") on a temporary basis, as set out in this Annex. For the purpose of this Annex the area is in Appendix V.
Recognising that in the area which is under Jordan's sovereignty with Israeli private land use rights ("land owners") in the land comprising the area ("the land") Jordan undertakes:
to grant without charge unimpeded freedom of entry to, exit from land usage and movement within the area to the land-owners and to their invitees or employees and to allow the land-owners freely to dispose of their land in accordance with applicable Jordanian law;
not to apply its customs or immigration legislation to land-owners, their invitees or employees crossing from Israel directly to the area for the purpose of gaining access to the land for agricultural or any agreed purposes;
not to impose discriminatory taxes or charges with regard to the land or activities within the area;
to take all necessary measures to protect and prevent harassment of or harm to any person entering the area under this Annex;
to permit with the minimum of formality, uniformed officers of the Israeli police force access to the area for the purpose of investigating crime or dealing with other incidents solely involving the landowners, their invitees or employees.
Recognising Jordanian sovereignty over the area, Israel undertakes:
not to carry out or allow to be carried out in the area activities prejudicial to the peace or security of Jordan;
not to allow any person entering the area under this Annex (other than the uniformed officers referred to in paragraph 2 (e) of this Annex) to carry weapons of any kind in the area; unless authorized by the licensing authorities in Jordan after being processed by the liaison committee referred to in Article 8 of this Annex.
not to allow the dumping of wastes from outside the area into the area.
Subject to this Annex, Jordanian law will apply to this area.
Israeli law applying to the extra territorial activities of Israel may be applied to Israelis and their activities in the area, and Israel may take measures in the area to enforce such laws.
Having regard to this Annex, Jordan will not apply its criminal laws to activities in the area which involve only Israeli nationals.
In the event of any joint projects to be agreed and developed by the parties in the area the terms of this Annex amy be altered for the purpose of the joint project by agreement between the Parties at any time.
Without prejudice to private rights of use of land within the area, this Annex will remain in force for 25 years, and shall be renewed automatically for the same periods, unless one year prior notice of termination is given by either Party, in which case, at the request of either Party, consultations shall be entered into.
In addition to the requirement referred to in Article 4 (a) of this Annex, the acquisition of land in the area by persons who are not Israeli citizens shall take place only with the prior approval of Jordan.
An Israeli-Jordanian Liaison Committee is hereby established in order to deal with all matters arising under this Annex.
Pursuant to Article 6 of the Treaty, Israel and Jordan agreed on the following Articles on water related matters:
Article I: Allocation
Water from the Yarmouk River
Summer period - 15th May to 15th October of each year. Israel pumps (12) MCM and Jordan gets the rest of the flow.
Winter period - 16th October to 14th May of each year. Israel pumps (13) MCM and Jordan is entitled to the rest of the flow subject to provisions outlined hereinbelow: Jordan concedes to Israel pumping an additional (20) MCM from the Yarmouk in winter in return for Israel conceding to transferring to Jordan during the summer period the quantity specified in paragraphs (2.a) below from the Jordan River.
In order that waste of water will be minimized, Israel and Jordan may use, downstream of point 121/Adassiya Diversion, excess flood water that is not usable and will evidently go to waste unused.
Water from the Jordan River
Summer period - 15th May to 15th October of each year. In return for the additional water that Jordan concedes to Israel in winter in accordance with paragraph (1.b) above, Israel concedes to transfer to Jordan in the summer period (20) MCM from the Jordan River directly upstream from Deganya gates on the river. Jordan shall pay the operation and maintenance cost of such transfer through existing systems (not including capital cost) and shall bear the total cost of any new transmission system. A separate protocol shall regulate this transfer.
Winter period - 16th October to 14th May of each year. Jordan is entitled to store for its use a minimum average of (20) MCM of the floods in the Jordan River south of its confluence with the Yarmouk (as outlined in Article II below). Excess floods that are not usable and that will otherwise be wasted can be utilised for the benefit of the two Parties including pumped storage off the course of the river.
In addition to the above, Israel is entitled to maintain its current uses of the Jordan River waters between its confluence with the Yarmouk and its confluence with Tirat Zvi/Wadi Yabis. Jordan is entitled to an annual quantity equivalent to that of Israel, provided however, that Jordan's use will not harm the quantity or quality of the above Israeli uses. The Joint Water Committee (outlined in Article VII below) will survey existing uses for documentation and prevention of appreciable harm.
Jordan is entitled to an annual quantity of (10) MCM of desalinated water from the desalination of about (20) MCM of saline springs now diverted to the Jordan River. Israel will explore the possibility of financing the operation and maintenance cost of the supply to Jordan of this desalinated water (not including capital cost). Until the desalination facilities are operational, and upon the entry into force of the Treaty, Israel will supply Jordan (10) MCM of Jordan River water from the same location as in (2.a) above, outside the summer period and during dates Jordan selects, subject to the maximum capacity of transmission.
Additional Water
Israel and Jordan shall cooperate in finding sources for the supply to Jordan of an additional quantity of (50) MCM/year of water of drinkable standards. To this end, the Joint Water Committee will develop, within one year from the entry into force of the Treaty, a plan for the supply to Jordan of the abovementioned additional water. This plan will be forwarded to the respective governments for discussion and decision.
Operation and Maintenance
Operation and maintenance of the systems on Israeli territory that supply Jordan with water, and their electricity supply, shall be Israel's responsibility. The operation and maintenance of the new systems that serve only Jordan will be contracted at Jordan's expense to authorities or companies selected by Jordan.
Israel will guarantee easy unhindered access of personnel and equipment to such new systems for operation and maintenance. This subject will be further detailed in the agreements to be signed between Israel and the authorities or companies selected by Jordan.
Article II: Storage
Israel and Jordan shall cooperate to build a diversion/storage dam on the Yarmouk River directly downstream of the point 121/Adassiya Diversion. The purpose is to improve the diversion efficiency into the King Abdullah Canal of the water allocation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and possibly for the diversion of Israel's allocation of the river water. Other purposes can be mutually agreed.
Israel and Jordan shall cooperate to build a system of water storage on the Jordan River, along their common boundary, between its confluence with the Yarmouk River and its confluence with Tirat Zvi/ Wadi Yabis, in order to implement the provision of paragraph (2.b) of Article I above. The storage system can also be made to accommodate more floods; Israel may use up to (3) MCM/year of added storage capacity.
Other storage reservoirs can be discussed and agreed upon mutually.
Article III: Water Quality and Protection
Israel and Jordan each undertake to protect, within their own jurisdiction, the shared waters of the Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers, and Arava/Araba groundwater, against any pollution, contamination, harm or unauthorized withdrawals of each other's allocations.
For this purpose, Israel and Jordan will jointly monitor the quality of water along their boundary, by use of jointly established monitoring stations to be operated under the guidance of the Joint Water Committee.
Israel and Jordan will each prohibit the disposal of municipal and industrial wastewater into the course of the Yarmouk or the Jordan Rivers before they are treated to standards allowing their unrestricted agricultural use. Implementation of this prohibition shall be completed within three years from the entry into force of the Treaty.
The quality of water supplied from one country to the other at any given location shall be equivalent to the quality of the water used from the same location by the supplying country.
Saline springs currently diverted to the Jordan River are earmarked for desalination within four years. Both countries shall cooperate to ensure that the resulting brine will not be disposed of in the Jordan River or in any of its tributaries.
Israel and Jordan will each protect water systems in its own territory, supplying water to the other, against any pollution, contamination, harm or unauthorised withdrawal of each other's allocations.
Article IV: Groundwater in Emek Ha'arava/Wadi Araba
In accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, some wells drilled and used by Israel along with their associated systems fall on the Jordanian side of the borders. These wells and systems are under Jordan's sovereignty. Israel shall retain the use of these wells and systems in the quantity and quality detailed an Appendix to this Annex, that shall be jointly prepared by 31st December, 1994. Neither country shall take, nor cause to be taken, any measure that may appreciably reduce the yields of quality of these wells and systems.
Throughout the period of Israel's use of these wells and systems, replacement of any well that may fail among them shall be licensed by Jordan in accordance with the laws and regulations then in effect. For this purpose, the failed well shall be treated as though it was drilled under license from the competent Jordanian authority at the time of its drilling. Israel shall supply Jordan with the log of each of the wells and the technical information about it to be kept on record. The replacement well shall be connected to the Israeli electricity and water systems.
Israel may increase the abstraction rate from wells and systems in Jordan by up to (10) MCM/year above the yields referred to in paragraph 1 above, subject to a determination by the Joint Water Committee that this undertaking is hydrogeologically feasible and does not harm existing Jordanian uses. Such increase is to be carried out within five years from the entry into force of the Treaty.
Operation and Maintenance
Operation and maintenance of the wells and systems on Jordanian territory that supply Israel with water, and their electricity supply shall be Jordan's responsibility. The operation and maintenance of these wells and systems will be contracted at Israel's expense to authorities or companies selected by Israel.
Jordan will guarantee easy unhindered access of personnel and equipment to such wells and systems for operation and maintenance. This subject will be further detailed in the agreements to be signed between Jordan and the authorities or companies selected by Israel.
Article V: Notification and Agreement
Artificial changes in or of the course of the Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers can only be made by mutual agreement.
Each country undertakes to notify the other, six months ahead of time, of any intended projects which are likely to change the flow of either of the above rivers along their common boundary, or the quality of such flow. The subject will be discussed in the Joint Water Committee with the aim of preventing harm and mitigating adverse impacts such projects may cause.
Article VI: Co-operation
Israel and Jordan undertake to exchange relevant data on water resources through the Joint Water Committee.
Israel and Jordan shall co-operate in developing plans for purposes of increasing water supplies and improving water use efficiency, within the context of bilateral, regional or international cooperation.
Article VII: Joint Water Committee
For the purpose of the implementation of this Annex, the Parties will establish a Joint Water Committee comprised of three members from each country.
The Joint Water Committee will, with the approval of the respective governments, specify its work procedures, the frequency of its meetings, and the details of its scope of work. The Committee may invite experts and/or advisors as may be required.
The Committee may form, as it deems necessary, a number of specialized sub-committees and assign them technical tasks. In this context, it is agreed that these sub-committees will include a northern sub- committee and a southern sub-committee, for the management on the ground of the mutual water resources in these sectors.
Pursuant to Article 12 of the Treaty, Israel and Jordan have decided to co-operate in the following fields:
Co-operation on Combating Dangerous Drugs
The two Parties shall co-operate in fighting illicit drugs according to the legal system of their countries.
The two Parties shall take all necessary measures to prevent drug smuggling between the two countries.
The two Parties shall exchange information regarding drug trafficking and dealers' activities concerning the two countries.
Information given by one of the Parties may not be shared with a third party without the consent of the Party which provided the information.
The two Parties shall exchange and share the experience of fighting against drugs, including anti-drug education, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation programs, technical means and methods of concealment.
In order to identify the persons involved in drug activities, the two Parties shall facilitate controlled deliveries of drugs between the two countries according to their laws.
Drug law enforcement officers from both sides shall meet periodically to coordinate efforts pertaining to drug problems concerning the two countries.
The two Parties shall maintain open channels of communication such as fax, telephone and telex for liaison purposes in drug matters concerning the two countries.
The two Parties shall cooperate with the multilateral forums which deal with drug issues in the area.
The two Parties shall cooperate in investigating procedures necessary for collecting evidence and indictment in cases against drug dealers which concern either or both countries.
The two Parties shall exchange information regarding statistics on the type and number of drug crimes committed in each country including detailed information regarding suspected and convicted persons involved in these cases.
The two Parties shall exchange all relevant information regarding the narcotic drug producing laboratories if revealed in either of the two countries, including structure, working methods and technical features of the laboratory as well as the type and trademark of the product.
The cooperation described in this document will be carried out in accordance with the legal system of the two countries.
Crime
The Parties have agreed that the Agreements to be negotiated pursuant to Article 12 of the Treaty shall cover the following issues:
Crime
Exchange of information concerning all aspects of smuggling, theft (including art objects, vehicles, national treasures, antiquities and documents), etc.
Apprehension of criminals and exchange of information including transmission of evidence in order to carry out judicial procedures in each of the two countries, subject ot the relevant treaties and regulations.
General Cooperation
Exchange of information regarding technical matters.
Exchange of information regarding training and research.
Joint police research projects on topics of mutual interest to both countries.
Additional Issues
Rescue.
Unintentional border crossing, fugitives from justice.
Notification of detention of nationals of the other country.
Establishment of a liaison mechanism between the sides.
Cooperation on Forensic Science
The two Parties shall cooperate on the subjects of criminal identification and forensic science.
The two Parties shall share and exchange professional experience and training programmes, inter alia:
Use of field kits for preliminary examinations
Analysis of illicit drugs.
Analysis of poisons and toxic materials.
Forensic biology and DNA examinations.
Toolmarks and materials examinations.
Questionable documents examinations.
Analysis of voice prints.
Analysis of fire arms.
Detection of latent fingerprints.
Analysis of explosive traces.
Examination for arson in laboratories.
Identification of victims in mass disasters.
Research and development in forensic science.
Israel and Jordan acknowledge the importance of the ecology of the region, its high environmental sensitivity and the need to protect the environment and prevent danger and risks for the health and well-being of the region's population. They both recognise the need for conservation of natural resources, protection of biodiversity and the imperative of attaining economic growth based on sustainable development principles.
In light of the above, both Parties agree to co-operate in matters relating to environmental protection in general and to those that may mutually effect them. Areas of such co-operation are detailed as follows:
Taking the necessary steps both jointly and individually to prevent damage and risks to the environment in general, and in particular those that may affect people, natural resources and environmental assets in the two countries respectively.
Taking the necessary steps by both countries to co-operate in the following areas:
Environmental planning and management including conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and exchanging of data on projects possessing potential impact on their respective environments.
Environmental legislation, regulations, standards and enforcement thereof.
Research and applied technology.
Emergency response, monitoring, related notification procedures and control of damages.
Code of conduct through regional charters.
This may be achieved through the establishment of joint modalities and mechanisms of cooperation to ensure exchange of information, communication and coordination regarding matters and activities of mutual environmental concern between their environmental administrations and experts.
Environmental subjects to be addressed:
Protection of nature, natural resources and biodiversity, including cooperation in planning and management of adjacent protected areas along the common border, and protection of endangered species and migratory birds.
Air quality control, including general standards, criteria and all types of man-made hazardous radiations, fumes and gases.
Marine environment and coastal resources management.
Waste management including hazardous wastes.
Pest control including house flies and mosquitoes, and prevention of diseases transferred by pests, such as malaria and leishmaniosis.
Abatement and control of pollution, contamination and other manmade hazards to the environment.
Desertification: combatting desertification, exchange of information and research knowledge, and the implementation of suitable technologies.
Public awareness and environmental education, encouraging the exchange of knowledge, information, study materials, education programmes and training through public actions and awareness campaigns.
Noise: reducing noise pollution through regulation, licensing and enforcement based on agreed standards.
Potential co-operation in case of natural disasters.
In accordance with the above, the two Parties agree to co-operate in activities and projects in the following geographical areas:
The Gulf of Aqaba
I.1 The Marine Environment:
Natural resources.
Coastal reef protection.
Marine pollution:
Marine sources: such as oil spills, littering and waste disposal and others.
Land-based sources: such as liquid waste, solid waste and littering.
Abatement, including monitoring and emergency response actions.
I.2 Coastal Zone Management - The Littoral
Nature reserves and protected areas.
Environmental protection of water resources.
Liquid waste.
Solid waste.
Tourism and recreational activities.
Ports.
Transport.
Industry and power generation.
Air quality.
Hazardous materials.
Environmental assessments.
The Rift Valley
II.1 The Jordan River
Israel and Jordan agree to cooperate along the common boundaries in the following aspects:
Ecological rehabilitation of the Jordan River.
Environmental protection of water resources to ensure optimal water quality, at reasonably usable standards.
Agricultural pollution control.
Liquid waste.
Pest control.
Nature reserves and protected areas.
Tourism and historical heritage.
II.2 The Dead Sea
Nature reserves and protected areas.
Pest control.
Environmental protection of water resources.
Industrial pollution control.
Tourism and historical heritage.
II.3 Emek Ha'arava/Wadi Araba
Environmental protection of water resources.
Nature reserves and protected areas.
Pest control.
Tourism and historical heritage.
Agricultural pollution control.
Border Crossing Points Procedures between Israel and Jordan
In pursuance of Article 28 of the Treaty of Peace, the Parties have agreed as follows:
The Crossing Points between Israel and Jordan shall be opened in both directions for Jordanians, Israelis, and third country nationals.
Procedures of crossing shall be in accordance to the regulations in both countries.
Both Parties shall recognise passports of the other, and the stamps and visas affixed by the other Party on passports. The stamps on the passports will include English and Hebrew/Arabic, and will include the date of the crossing, the name of the country which stamps the document, and the name of the crossing point.
The Crossing Points shall be opened 5 days a week, from Sunday to Thursday, during all the year, except for Yom Kippur and the first day of Al Hijrah calendar. The dates of these two holy days shall be communicated to the other side beforehand.
The Crossing Points shall be opened from 08:00 to 18:30 hours.
Each Party has the right to refuse entry to a person, in accordance with its regulations. In this case, each Party undertakes to accept this person back into the country, without delay, according to international practices.
Each Party shall apply its customs regulations.
Each Party shall provide the passengers with the A.17 international immigration form of the other Party, before crossing.
Direct links, both telephonic and fax, shall be established between the authorities of both sides of the Crossing Points, in order to provide solutions to any problem.
The passenger's passport should be valid for at least six months after the date of the crossing, in accordance with the international practices.
Each Party shall provide the other wish a list of the countries whose citizens are exempted from visa requirements.
These arrangements shall go into effect as from the next day of the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty.
Within a period of up to 3 months from the date stated in paragraph 12 above, interim arrangements regulating passage of persons through the Crossing Points, and visa procedures shall be applied. Both Parties may shorten this period by mutual agreement.
During the interim period mentioned in paragraph 13 above, visas to Israeli and Jordanian citizens shall be granted as agreed between the Parties.
Pending the mutual opening of the Embassies in the two countries, Israeli and Jordanian nationals shall be granted the necessary visas through the following procedures:
The tourist should apply for the visa through a travel agent in his country, who shall convey the application to his counterpart travel agent in the other country. This correspondent travel agent shall apply for the visa to the Ministry of Interior in his country. The visa shall then be collected at the Crossing Point with a copy to be sent to the travel agent, and another one shall be delivered to the terminals on each side.
Upon the opening of the Embassies in both countries, the Parties will adjust the above procedures as necessary.
Visitors such as businessmen, scientists, officials and journalists, shall contact the respective counterpart who in turn shall apply on their behalf to the Ministry of Interior as above.
The visa shall then be collected at the crossing point, and a copy shall be delivered to the terminals on each side.
Upon the opening of the Embassies in both countries, these persons will apply for visas through the respective Embassies.
Visa fees shall be collected on a reciprocal basis.
Terminal fees shall be collected in accordance with applicable regulations in both countries.
This system shall be revised after two months and a half from the date mentioned in paragraph 12 above, in accordance with any relevant bilateral agreements to be signed as an outcome of this Treaty.
The existing arrangements for Muslim Israeli nationals who cross into Jordan in transit to Saudi Arabia for Muslim Pilgrimage, shall continue to be applicable.
Transportation for Israeli and Jordanian tourists between the terminals of each of the Crossing Points shall be by shuttle bus, and the tourist vehicles provided by travel agents of the visited country shall carry them from its terminal to their final destination.
The Parties agreed that matters relating to persons entering one of the two countries by one Crossing Point, Harbors or Airports, and wishing to exit that country also through other border Crossing Points, Harbors or Airports shall be discussed during the interim period mentioned in paragraph 13 above.
The Parties agreed that matters relating to the passage of vehicles through the Crossing Points shall be discussed during the interim period mentioned in paragraph 13 above, taking into account the transportation, tourism and any other relevant bilateral agreements, to be concluded between the parties.
Teams of the two Parties shall monitor the implementation of this Annex.
Concerning Article 3 (f) stating that:
"Immediately upon the exchange of the instruments of ratification of this Treaty, each Party will deploy on each side of the international boundary as defined in Annex I (a)."
The Parties recognise the practical questions connected with the deployment (such as demarcation, minefields, fences), and therefore would interpret the language to mean that the deployment would start immediately, continue uninterruptedly and expeditiously, and conclude no later than 3 months after the exchange of the instruments of ratification.
With regard to economic and monetary matters pertaining specifically to the territories under Israeli Military control, the two governments shall consult with each other with the aim of:
eliminating or mitigating adverse effects on their economies;
giving each other enough time to make the necessary adjustments.
The above is without prejudice to activities which are the result of relations with other states or to former obligations with regard to the territories referred to above, except to the extent that the implementation of such obligations may have adverse effects and to the extent that the implementation is within their control.
In the spirit of peace, the two Parties attach high priority to the planned recreation joint venture project in the Naharayim/Baqura area, they favourably consider the partnership in peace to be created there, and will endeavor together to promote its implementation as soon as possible.
The parties will, upon the signature of this Treaty, establish a joint committee headed by senior officials to monitor the implementation of this Treaty and the conclusion of relevant agreements, in accordance with the Treaty provisions.
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