1994 - Israel-OLP Acuerdo Preparativo de la Transferencia de Poderes y Responsabilidades (29 ago)

Resumen

Fuente:

Para establecer los poderes que se le cederían a los palestinos en Judea y Samaria se firmó el Acuerdo de El Cairo (29 de agosto de 1994).

Estos poderes iban a ser más limitados de los que se habían establecido en la Autonomía de Gaza y Jericó.

En Judea y Samaria, Israel renunciaba a ejercer autoridad sobre temas relacionados con educación y cultura, salud, impuestos directos, turismo y beneficencia.

El 5 de julio de 1994 llegó a la Franja de Gaza el Presidente de la Autonomía Palestina y líder de la OLP, Yasser Arafat.

Mientras tanto, fuera del marco de la ley, y a veces con el consentimiento de Arafat, seguían funcionando los grupos que se oponían a los acuerdos de Oslo y que continuaban realizando acciones terroristas.

Puntos principales

Fuente: Ministerio de RREE de Israel

Esferas de Autoridad 

El Acuerdo de Transferencia Preparatoria de Poderes y Responsabilidades, de acuerdo con la DDP, dispone la transferencia de poderes a la Autoridad Palestina dentro de cinco esferas específicas:

• • Educación y Cultura: responsabilidad sobre la educación superior, educación especial, actividades de entrenamiento culturales y educacionales, instituciones y programas, y actividades culturales o instituciones culturales o educacionales, ya sean privadas, públicas, no gubernamentales u otras.

• Salud: autoridad sobre todas las instituciones de salud, ya sean privadas, pblicas, no gubernamentales u otras.

• Bienestar Social: Autoridad sobre organizaciones e instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, incluyendo sociedades e instituciones caritativas y organizaciones voluntarias sin ánimo de lucro.

• Turismo: Regular, licenciar, clasificar, supervisar y desarrollar la industria turística.

• Impuestos Directos: La DDP estipula la transferencia de autoridad con respecto a los impuestos directos. De acuerdo con esto, la Autoridad Palestina establecerá un sistema de recaudación de ingresos para recaudar impuestos a la renta. Los impuestos a las propiedades serán recaudados por Israel y transferidos a la Autoridad Palestina.

• Además, se acordó transferir la esfera de impuestos indirectos (Impuesto al Valor Agregado) a la Autoridad Palestina, en un intento de garantizar un presupuesto balanceado.

• Impuestos Indirectos: Esta es una esfera adicional, acordada el 29 de agosto de 1994. El IVA será gravado sobre la producción local en la Margen Occidental -- exceptuando los asentamientos e instalaciones militares. Esta esfera fue agregada para ayudar a cubrir el faltante que se producirá mientras se establece el sistema impositivo.

La transferencia de poder en la esfera de la educación y cultura fue llevada a cabo el 29 de agosto de 1994, para permitir a la Autoridad Palestina implementar sus planes al comienzo del año escolar.

La transferencia de poder en las esferas de bienestar social y turismo fue llecada a cabo el 13-14 de noviembre de 1994. La transferencia a la Autoridad Palestina en las esferas restantes, salud e impuestos, tuvo lugar el 1 de diciembre. Jurisdicción: Según la DDP, la jurisdicción de la Autoridad Palestina con respecto a este acuerdo no incluye a Jerusalem, los asentamientos, instalaciones militares y, a menos que se estipule de otra manera en el Acuerdo, a los israelíes.

Transferencia Fácil de Autoridad

Las autoridades israelíes asistirán y apoyarán a la Autoridad Palestina para promover la implementación efectiva de la transferencia, como entregar toda la información pertinente sobre los presupuestos y proveer los servicios de expertos israelíes. La Autoridad Palestina, a su vez, impedirá actividades con orientación militar y coordinará con las autoridades israelíes las cuestiones referentes a los eventos a gran escala.

Legislación

La Autoridad Palestina puede promulgar legislaciones secundarias, como regulaciones dentro de las esferas transferidas a ella. El procedimiento para decretar legislaciones concede a las autoridades israelíes el poder de veto efectivo sobre legislaciones que:

• • excedan los poderes y responsabilidades transferidos a la Autoridad Palestina;

  • sean inconsecuentes con el Acuerdo, o:

  • afecten legislaciones, poderes y/o responsabilidades que no hayan sido transferidas a la Autoridad Palestina.

Cumplimiento

La Autoridad Palestina podrá autorizar a empleados en cada una de las esferas a que actuen como inspectores civiles para controlar el cumplimiento de las leyes y las regulaciones. Estos inspectores no serán policías ni podrán portar armas, vestir uniformes u organizarse en una unidad central. Sus nombres serán entregados a Israel y aquéllos que reciban privilegios especiales deberán ser aprobados por Israel.

Fondos

La Autoridad Palestina y las autoridades israelíes pidieron conjuntamente a los países donantes fondos designados específicamente para cubrir el faltante creado por la recolección de impuestos durante el período inicial mientras la Autoridad Palestina establezca su propio sistema de recolección de impuestos.

El 27 de agosto de 1995, un Protocolo para la Transferencia Adicional de Poderes y Responsabilidades fue firmado, transfiriendo las siguientes esferas adicionales a la autoridad: trabajo, industria y comercio, gas y gasolina, seguros, servicios postales, estadísticas, agricultura y gobierno local.

Text (english)

Fuente: Embajada de EEUU en Israel

AGREEMENT ON PREPARATORY TRANSFER OF POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES                                  August 29, 1994      The Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation  Organization (hereinafter "the PLO"), the representative of the Palestinian  people;    PREAMBLE    WITHIN the framework of the Middle East peace process initiated at Madrid  in October 1991;    REAFFIRMING their determination to live in peaceful coexistence, mutual  dignity and security, while recognizing their mutual legitimate and  political rights;    REAFFIRMING their desire to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace  settlement through the agreed political process;    REAFFIRMING their adherence to the mutual recognition and commitments  expressed in the letters dated September 9, 1993, signed by and exchanged  between the Prime Minister of Israel and the Chairman of the PLO;    REAFFIRMING their understanding that the interim self-government  arrangements, including the preparatory arrangements to apply in the West  Bank contained in this Agreement, are an integral part of the whole peace  process and that the negotiations on the permanent status will lead to the  implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338;    FOLLOWING the Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area as signed at  Cairo on May 4, 1994 (hereinafter "the Gaza-Jericho Agreement");    DESIROUS of putting into effect the Declaration of Principles on Interim  Self-Government Arrangements as signed at Washington, D.C. on September 13,  1993 (hereinafter "the Declaration of Principles"), and in particular  Article VI regarding preparatory transfer of powers and responsibilities  and the Agreed Minutes thereto;    HEREBY AGREE to the following arrangements regarding the preparatory  transfer of powers and responsibilities in the West Bank:    ARTICLE I    DEFINITIONS    For the purpose of this Agreement, unless otherwise indicated in the  attached Protocols:      a. the term "the Palestinian Authority" means the Palestinian Authority       established in accordance with the Gaza-Jericho Agreement;      b. the term "Joint Liaison Committee" means the Joint Israeli-Palestinian       Liaison Committee established pursuant to Article X of the Declaration       of Principles;      c. the term "Interim Agreement" means the interim agreement referred to       in Article VII of the Declaration of Principles; and      d. the term "Israelis" also includes Israeli statutory agencies and       corporations registered in Israel.    ARTICLE II    PREPARATORY TRANSFER OF POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES      1. Israel shall transfer and the Palestinian Authority shall assume       powers and responsibilities from the Israeli military government and       its Civil Administration in the West Bank in the following spheres:       education and culture, health, social welfare, tourism, direct       taxation and Value Added Tax on local production (hereinafter "VAT"),       as specified in this Agreement (hereinafter "the Spheres").      2. For the purposes of this Agreement, the Palestinian Authority shall       constitute the authorized Palestinians referred to in Article VI of       the Declaration of Principles.      3. The Parties will explore the possible expansion of the transfer of       powers and responsibilities to additional spheres.    ARTICLE III    SCOPE OF THE TRANSFERRED POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES      1. The scope of the powers and responsibilities transferred in each       Sphere, as well as specific arrangements regarding the exercise of       such powers and responsibilities, are set out in the Protocols       attached as Annexes I through VI.      2. In accordance with the Declaration of Principles, the jurisdiction of       the Palestinian Authority with regard to the powers and       responsibilities transferred by this Agreement will not apply to       Jerusalem, settlements, military locations and, unless otherwise       provided in this Agreement, Israelis.      3. The transfer of powers and responsibilities under this Agreement does       not include powers and responsibilities in the sphere of foreign       relations, except as indicated in Article VI(2)(b) of the Gaza-       Jericho Agreement.    ARTICLE IV    MODALITIES OF TRANSFER      1. The transfer of powers and responsibilities in the sphere of education       and culture pursuant to this Agreement will be implemented on August       29, 1994. The transfer of powers and responsibilities in the remaining       Spheres will be implemented in accordance with Article XI below.      2. The transfer of powers and responsibilities shall be coordinated       through the Civil Affairs Coordination and Cooperation Committee       referred to in Article X below and shall be implemented in accordance       with the arrangements set out in this Agreement in a smooth, peaceful       and orderly manner.      3. Upon the signing of this Agreement, the Israeli side shall provide the       Palestinian side with, or enable free access to, all information that       is necessary for an effective and smooth transfer.      4. On the date of the transfer of powers and responsibilities, Israel       shall also transfer all movable and immovable property which       exclusively serves the offices of the Civil Administration in the       Spheres, including premises, whether government-owned or rented,       equipment, registers, files and computer programs. The treatment of       property which serves the offices transferred to the Palestinian       Authority as well as offices which are not so transferred will be as       mutually agreed between the two sides, such as on the basis of sharing       or exchange.      5. The coordination of the transfer of powers and responsibilities       pursuant to this Article shall also include a joint review of the       Civil Administration contracts the duration of which extends beyond       the date of the transfer with a view to deciding which contracts will       remain in force and which will be terminated.    ARTICLE V    ADMINISTRATION OF THE TRANSFERRED OFFICES      1. The Palestinian Authority shall be fully responsible for the proper       functioning of the offices included in the Spheres and for the       management of their personnel in all aspects, including employment and       placement of employees, payment of their salaries and pensions and       ensuring other employee rights.      2. The Palestinian Authority will continue to employ Palestinian Civil       Administration employees currently employed in the offices included in       each Sphere and shall maintain their rights.      3. The main office of each of the Spheres will be situated in the Jericho       Area or in the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian Authority will operate the       existing subordinate offices in the West Bank. The two sides may agree       on the establishment of additional subordinate offices in the West       Bank, if necessary, in such locations as mutually agreed.      4. The Palestinian Authority has the right to coordinate its activities       in each of the Spheres with other Spheres in which it is empowered.    ARTICLE VI    RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES      1. With regard to each Sphere, the Palestinian Authority shall coordinate       with the Civil Administration on issues relating to other spheres in       which the Palestinian Authority is not empowered.      2. The military government and its Civil Administration shall assist and       support the Palestinian Authority in promoting the effective exercise       of its powers and responsibilities. In addition, the military       government and its Civil Administration shall, in exercising their own       powers and responsibilities, take into account the interests of the       Palestinian Authority and do their utmost to remove obstacles to the       effective exercise of powers and responsibilities by the Palestinian       Authority.      3. The Palestinian Authority shall prevent any activities with a military       orientation within each of the Spheres and will do its utmost to       maintain decorum and discipline and to avoid disruption in the       institutions under its responsibility.      4. The Palestinian Authority will notify the military government and its       Civil Administration and will coordinate with them regarding any       planned public large-scale events and mass gatherings within the       Spheres.      5. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the continued authority of the       military government and its Civil Administration to exercise their       powers and responsibilities with regard to security and public order,       as well as with regard to other spheres not transferred.    ARTICLE VII    LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY      1. The Palestinian Authority may promulgate secondary legislation       regarding the powers and responsibilities transferred to it. Such       legislation includes amendments and changes to the existing laws,       regulations and military orders specified in Appendix A to each Annex.      2. Legislation promulgated by the Palestinian Authority shall be       consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.      3. Legislation promulgated by the Palestinian Authority shall be       communicated to Israel which may, within a period of thirty (30) days,       notify the Palestinian Authority that it opposes such legislation for       any of the following reasons:           a. it exceeds the powers and responsibilities transferred to the            Palestinian Authority;           b. it is inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement; or           c. it otherwise affects legislation or powers and responsibilities            which were not transferred to the Palestinian Authority.      4. Where Israel opposes proposed legislation, it shall specify the reason       for the opposition.      5. If Israel has no reservations concerning the proposed legislation, it       shall accordingly notify the Palestinian Authority at the earliest       opportunity. If at the end of the thirty-day period Israel has not       communicated any opposition concerning the proposed legislation, such       legislation shall enter into force.      6. The Palestinian Authority may, in the event of opposition to the       proposed draft legislation, submit a new draft or request a review by       the Legislation Subcommittee established under the Gaza-Jericho       Agreement.      7. The Legislation Subcommittee shall attempt to reach a decision on the       merits of the matter within thirty days. If the Legislation       Subcommittee is unable to reach a decision within this period, the       Palestinian Authority shall be entitled to refer the matter to the       Joint Liaison Committee. The Joint Liaison Committee shall consider       the matter immediately and will attempt to settle it within thirty       days.      8. Where, upon communicating to Israel proposed legislation consisting of       detailed technical regulations, the Palestinian Authority states that       such regulations fulfill the requirements of paragraph 3 above and       requests a speedy review, Israel shall immediately respond to such a       request.      9. Legislation regarding the West Bank shall be published as a separate       part of any publication of legislation regarding the Gaza Strip and       the Jericho Area issued by the Palestinian Authority.    ARTICLE VIII    LAW ENFORCEMENT      1. The Palestinian Authority may bring disciplinary proceedings       concerning persons it employs in the West Bank before disciplinary       tribunals operating in the Gaza Strip or the Jericho Area.      2. The Palestinian Authority may, within each of the Spheres, authorize       employees to act as civilian inspectors to monitor compliance with       laws and regulations in that Sphere, within the powers and       responsibilities transferred to the Palestinian Authority. Such       inspectors shall operate in each Sphere separately and shall not be       organized into a central unit. These inspectors shall not wear       uniforms or carry arms, and shall not in any other way have the nature       of a police force. They shall be required to carry the identification       documentation referred to in paragraph 3 below. The number of       employees to be authorized as civilian inspectors shall be agreed upon       by both sides. The names of these employees shall be notified to       Israel and, where these employees enjoy privileges pursuant to       subparagraph 3 below, shall be agreed upon by both sides.      3. The Palestinian Authority shall issue the civilian inspectors in the       West Bank with identification documentation specifying the office in       which they are employed. Such documentation shall be used for       identification and will not grant privileges, except those agreed in       the Civil Affairs Coordination and Cooperation Committee referred to       in Article X below, or immunities. This committee shall determine the       format of the identification documenation.      4. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement, all powers and       responsibilities regarding law enforcement, including investigation,       judicial proceedings and imprisonment, will continue to be under the       responsibility of the existing authorities in the West Bank.    ARTICLE IX    RIGHTS, LIABILITIES AND OBLIGATIONS      1.   a. The transfer of powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian            Authority under this Agreement will include all related rights,            liabilities and obligations arising with regard to acts or            omissions which occurred prior to the transfer. Israel and the            Civil Administration will cease to bear any financial            responsibility regarding such acts or omissions and the            Palestinian Authority will bear all financial responsibility for            these and for its own functioning.           b. Any financial claim made in this regard against Israel or the            Civil Administration will be referred to the Palestinian            Authority.           c. Israel shall provide the Palestinian Authority with the            information it has regarding pending and anticipated claims            brought before any court or tribunal against Israel or the Civil            Administration in this regard.           d. Where legal proceedings are brought in respect of such a claim,            Israel will notify the Palestinian Authority and enable it to            participate in defending the claim and raise any arguments on its            behalf.           e. In the event that an award is made against Israel or the Civil            Administration by any court or tribunal in respect of such a            claim, the Palestinian Authority shall, once the award has been            paid by Israel, reimburse Israel the full amount of the award.           f. Without prejudice to the above, where a court or tribunal hearing            such a claim finds that liability rests solely with an employee            or agent who acted beyond the scope of the powers assigned to him            or her, unlawfully or with willful malfeasance, the Palestinian            Authority shall not bear financial responsibility.           g. Notwithstanding subparagraphs 1.d through 1.f above, Israel may,            pursuant to agreement within the Legal Subcommittee of the CAC            established under the Gaza-Jericho Agreement, request an Israeli            court or tribunal to dismiss a claim brought before it and, with            regard to a pending claim, dismiss the claim and transfer the            proceedings to a local court or tribunal.           h. Where a claim has been so transferred or where a new claim has            been brought in a local court or tribunal subsequent to the            dismissal of the claim pursuant to subparagraph 1.g above, the            Palestinian Authority shall defend it and, in accordance with            subparagraph 1.a above, in the event that an award is made for            the plaintiff, shall pay the amount of the award.           i. The Legal Subcommittee referred to in subparagraph 1.g above            shall agree on arrangements for the transfer of proceedings from            Israeli courts or tribunals pursuant to subparagraph 1.g above            and, where necessary, for the provision of legal assistance by            Israel to the Palestinian Authority in defending such claims.      2. In accordance with paragraph 1 above:           a. The Palestinian Authority may bring legal proceedings in respect            of any acts or omissions relating to powers and responsibilities            transferred under this Agreement which occurred prior to the date            of the transfer. Israel shall provide the Palestinian Authority            with the legal assistance necessary to bring such proceedings.           b. The Palestinian Authority may collect any taxes due under Annexes            V and VI on the date of the transfer of powers and            responsibilities in respect of these taxes, and shall assume            responsibility for the payment of any rebates or refunds.      3. Subject to the provisions of this Article, the transfer of powers and       responsibilities in itself shall not affect rights, liabilities and       obligations of any person or legal entity, in existence at the date of       signing of this Agreement.    ARTICLE X    LIAISON AND COORDINATION      1. The Joint Civil Affairs Coordination and Cooperation Committee       established in accordance with the Gaza-Jericho Agreement,       (hereinafter "the CAC"), will deal with all issues of mutual concern       regarding this Agreement.      2. The operation of the CAC shall not impede daily contacts between       representatives of the Civil Administration and the Palestinian       Authority in all matters of mutual concern.    ARTICLE XI    BUDGETARY ISSUES      1. The military government and its Civil Administration shall provide the       Palestinian Authority with full information concerning the budget of       each Sphere.      2. The Palestinian Authority shall immediately employ personnel who will       promptly begin the process of becoming acquainted with the current       budget issues. On the date of the transfer of powers and       responsibilities in each of the Spheres, these personnel will assume       responsibility for all accounts, assets and records on behalf of the       Palestinian Authority.      3. Israel shall continue to provide the services of Israeli experts       currently employed in the fields of income tax and VAT to ensure a       smooth transition and efficient establishment of the taxation system       of the Palestinian Authority. The terms of their employment shall be       agreed upon by the two sides.      4. The Palestinian Authority will do its utmost to establish its revenue       collection system immediately with the intent of collecting direct       taxes and VAT.      5. The two sides will jointly approach the donor countries during the       upcoming meetings of the Consultative Group and of the Ad Hoc Liaison       Committee, scheduled for September 8 through 10, 1994 in Paris, with a       request to finance the shortfall that may be created in the collection       of the direct taxes and the VAT during the initial period while the       Palestinian Authority establishes its own revenue collection system.      6. The two sides will meet no later than three days after the conclusion       of these meetings in order to decide on the date of transfer of powers       and responsibilities in the remaining Spheres, based, among other       things, on the response of the donor countries to the joint request.      7. The CAC will provide the donor countries, when necessary, with       information to help adjust the allocation of contributions as a result       of variations in tax collection.      8. The Palestinian Authority shall also assume full responsibility for       any additional expenditures beyond the agreed budget which is attached       as Schedule 1, as well as for any shortfall in tax collection that is       not actually covered by the donor countries.      9. If actual revenues from the Spheres, including the donor       contributions, exceed the budgeted revenues, the excess shall be       applied to development of the Spheres.     10. The inclusion of the sphere of VAT in the spheres to be transferred to       the Palestinian Authority shall constitute the adjustment referred to       in paragraph (3) of the Agreed Minute to Article VI(2) of the       Declaration of Principles, and no further adjustment shall be       required.    ARTICLE XII    MUTUAL CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND RECONCILIATION    With regard to each of the Spheres, Israel and the Palestinian Authority  will ensure that their respective systems contribute to the peace between  the Israeli and Palestinian peoples and to peace in the entire region, and  will refrain from the introduction of any motifs that could adversely  affect the process of reconciliation.    ARTICLE XIII    FINAL CLAUSES     1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of its signing.      2. The arrangements established by this Agreement are preparatory       measures and shall remain in force until and to the extent superseded       by the Interim Agreement or by any other agreement between the       Parties.      3. Nothing in this Agreement shall prejudice or preempt the outcome of       the negotiations on the Interim Agreement or on the permanent status       to be conducted pursuant to the Declaration of Principles. Neither       Party shall be deemed, by virtue of having entered into this       Agreement, to have renounced or waived any of its existing rights,       claims or positions.      4. The two Parties view the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as a single       territorial unit, the integrity of which will be preserved during the       interim period.      5. The Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area shall continue to be an integral       part of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The status of the West Bank       shall not be changed for the period of this Agreement. Nothing in this       Agreement shall be considered to change this status.      6. The Preamble to this Agreement and the Annexes, Appendices and       Schedules attached hereto, shall constitute an integral part hereof.                 Done at Erez this twenty-ninth day of August 1994.                                      For the                       Government of the State of Israel                                    For the PLO             List of Annexes 

Calendario

    * Schedule 1 - Six-month Budget for the Spheres

Anexos

   * Annex I - Protocol Concerning Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities in the Sphere of Education and Culture     * Annex II - Protocol Concerning Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities in the Sphere of Health     * Annex III - Protocol Concerning Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities in the Sphere of Social Welfare     * Annex IV - Protocol Concerning Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities in the Sphere of Tourism     * Annex V - Protocol Concerning Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities in the Sphere of Direct Taxation     * Annex VI - Protocol Concerning Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities in the Sphere of VAT on Local Production

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