1949 - Armisticios tras la Guerra de Independencia de Israel

Resumen 

Fuente: Ministerio de AAEE de Israel - Mapa de las líneas de armisticio - Israel tras el armisticio

• • Armistice Lines — 1949 [map]

• Israel-Egypt Armistice Agreement

• Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement

• Israel-Lebanon Armistice Agreement

• Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement

  • Letter to Security Council on Armistice negotiations

More difficult was the demarcation of the armistice line with Jordan. Ultimately, after secret meetings between Israeli negotiators and King Abdullah, a line was accepted which coincided roughly with the former cease-fire line, slightly modified in favour of Israel to prevent disruption of lines of communication. Problems arising out of the division of Jerusalem were to be settled by a Special Committee (Article VIII): they included free movement on vital roads, including the Bethlehem and Latrun-Jerusalem roads, resumption of the normal functioning of the cultural and humanitarian institutions on Mount Scopus, free access to the Jewish Holy Places, including the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives and, above all, the Western Wall. The ancillary agreements arrived at earlier on the demilitarisation of Mount Scopus and of the area between the lines, including the Government House area, were incorporated. Iraq did not enter into an armistice agreement with Israel but evacuated its forces from Palestine, and Jordanian forces took their place (Article V). The most arduous talks were with Syria, the only Arab State that held a strategically important area in the territory allotted to Israel. After three and a half months of argument, Syria agreed to withdraw from Mishmar Ha-yarden in return for Israel's consent to the establishment of several demilitarised zones (Article V).

The four agreements were hailed as the decisive step toward restoration of peace, and Dr. Bunche was subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Hopes were soon dashed when it became apparent that the Arab States were not ready to enter into peace negotiations and insisted on belligerent rights - a claim explicitly repudiated by the United Nations CS Res 95 (S/2322) del 1 de septiembre de 1951. The demilitarised zones, agreed upon to ease the solution of difficulties that had arisen during the negotiations, proved to be a major source of friction.

In the course of the Sinai Campaign of 1956, Israel declared the armistice agreement with Egypt null and void and withdrew from participation in the MAC. The agreements with Jordan and Syria had become ineffective and largely inoperative. The only agreement fully operative by the time the Six-Day War broke out in 1967 was with Lebanon. The consequence of the Six-Day War was to bring about the collapse of the entire armistice system.

Israel-Egipto (24 feb 1949)

Israel-Líbano (23 mar 1949)

Español - CS S/1296/Rev.1. (Original en inglés) Telegrama de fecha 23 de marzo de 1949 dirigido al Secretario General por el Mediador Interino de las Naciones Unidas en Palestina, remitiéndole el texto de un Acuerdo de Armisticio General entre el Líbano e Israel "

Español

DOCUMENTO S/1296/Rev.1

• • Este documento substituye a los documentos S/1296, 5/1296/Add.l, S/1296/Corr.1 y 8/1296/Corr.2.

Telegrama

de fecha 23 de marzo de 1949, dirigido al Secretario General por el Mediador Interino de las Naciones Unidas en Palestina, remitiéndole el texto de un Acuerdo de Armisticio General entre el Líbano e Israel

[Texto original en inglés]

23 de marzo de 1949

Al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad:

Tengo el honor de poner en conocimiento del Consejo de Seguridad que, en cumplimiento de las disposiciones de la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de 16 de noviembre de 1948, las delegaciones de Israel y el Líbano han firmado un Acuerdo de Armisticio General el 23 de marzo de 1949, en Ra's En Nakoura.

Sigue el texto del Acuerdo.

Ralph J. BUNCHE

Mediador Interino

ACUERDO DE ARMISTICIO GENERAL ENTRE EL LÍBANO E ISRAEL

[Textos originales en inglés y francés]

Ras En Nakoura, 23 de marzo de 1949

Preámbulo

Las Partes en el presente Acuerdo,

Respondiendo a la resolución dd Consejo de Seguridad de 16 de noviembre de 1948 [2 Véanse las Actas Oficiales del Consejo de Seguridad, Tercer Año, No. 126 (381ª sesión), página 53 del original en inglés y francés] por la cual se les invitó a negociar un armisticio, como nueva medida provisional' conforme a las disposiciones del Artículo 40 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, así como para facilitar el que de la tregua actual se pase a la paz permanente en Palestina;

Habiendo decidido entablar, bajo la presidencia de las Naciones Unidas, negociaciones relativas a la aplicación de la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de 16 de noviembre de 1948;

Habiendo nombrado representantes facultados para negociar y concertar un Acuerdo de Armisticio;

Los representantes infrascritos, habiendo exhibido sus plenos poderes que fueron hallados en buena y debida forma, han convenido en las siguientes disposiciones:

Artículo I

Con objeto de favorecer el restablecimiento de la paz permanente en Palestina, y reconociendo la importancia que revisten al respecto las mutuas seguridades en lo referente a las operaciones militares futuras de las Partes, las dos Partes suscriben por el presente documento los siguientes principios, que ambas Partes respetarán plenamente durante el armisticio:

• 1. En adelante, las dos Partes respetarán escrupulosamente la orden dada por el Consejo de Seguridad de no recurrir a la fuerza militar en el arreglo de la cuestión de Palestina.

  2. Las fuerzas armadas terréstres, navales y aéreas de una y otra Parte no emprenderán ni prepararán ninguna acción agresiva contra la población o las fuerzas armadas de la otra Parte, ni tampoco las amenazarán con tal acción; queda entendido que la palabra "prepararán" empleada en el presente texto no se aplica al trabajo de preparación general normal de un Estado tal como se practica generalmente en las organizaciones militares.

  3. Se respetará plenamente el derecho de cadauna de las Partes a la seguridad y a vivir libre del temor de ataques por parte de las fuerzas armadas de la otra Parte.

  4. El establecimiento de un armisticio entre las fuerzas armadas de las dos Partes se reconoce como una etapa indispensable hacia la conclusión del conflicto armado y el restablecimiento de la paz en Palestina.

Artículo II

En lo que concierne específicamente a la aplicación de la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de 16 de noviembre de 1948, las Partes suscriben los principios y objetivas siguientes:

• 1. Reconocen el principio de que no deberá obtenerse ninguna ventaja militar o política al amparo de la tregua ordenada por el Consejo de Seguridad.

  2. Reconocen también que ninguna disposición del presente Acuerdo perjudicará en modo alguno los derechos, reivindicaciones y posiciones de una u otra Parte en e! arreglo pacífico y definitivo de la cuestión de Palestina, ya que las disposiciones del presente Acuerdo vienen dictadas exclusivamente por consideraciones de orden militar.

Artículo III

• 1. En conformidad con los principios antes enunciados y con la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de 16 de noviembre de 1948, se concierta por el presente documento un armisticio general entre las fuerzas armadas terrestres, navales y aéreas de ambas Partes.

  2. Ningún elemento de las fuerzas militares o paramilitares terrestres, navales y aéreas, de una u otra Parte, incluyendo las fuerzas irregulares, cometerá actos de guerra o dé hostilidad contra las fuerzas militares o paramilitares de la otra Parte, o contra la población civil del territorio que domine la otra Parte; ni avanzará, por motivo alguno, más allá de la línea de demarcación del armisticio definida en el artículo V del presente Acuerdo, ni franqueará esta línea; tampoco penetrará en el espacio aéreo de la otra Parte ni, en un espacio de tres millas a partir de la costa, entrará en las aguas territoriales de la otra Parte.

  3. No se dirigirá desde el territorio dominado por una de las Partes en el presente Acuerdo ningún acto de guerra o de hostilidad Contra la otra Parte.

Artículo IV

• 1. La línea definida en' el artículo V del presente Acuerdo será llamada Línea de Demarcación del Armisticio; su trazado responde a las finalidades e intenciones de la resolución del Consejo de Segundad de 16 de noviembre de 1948.

  2. La finalidad esencial perseguida al trazar la Línea de Demarcación del Armisticio es establecer la línea más allá de la cual no podrán moverse las fuerzas armadas de las Partes respectivas.

  3. Las órdenes y reglamentos de las fuerzas armadas de las Partes que prohiben a los civiles franquear las líneas de combate o penetrar en la zona situada entre estas líneas, permanecerán en vigor después de la firma del presente Acuerdo en la Línea de Demarcación del Armisticio definida en el artículo V.

Artículo V

• 1. La Línea de Demarcación del Armisticio seguirá la frontera internacional entre el Líbano y Palestina.

  2. 2. En la zona de la Línea de Demarcación del Armisticio, las fuerzas militares de ambas Partes se compondrán solamente de elementos defensivos, tal como se definen en el Anexo del presente Acuerdo.

  3. 3. El repliegue de las fuerzas a la Línea de Demarcación del Armisticio y su reducción a elementos defensivos conforme al párrafo precedente, se efectuarán dentro de los diez días siguientes a la firma del presente Acuerdo. Asimismo, deberá efectuarse dentro del mismo plazo la limpieza de las carreteras y zonas minadas que haya evacuado cada Parte, y la transmisión a la otra Parte de los planos de los campos de minas.

  4. Artículo VI

  5. Todos los prisioneros de guerra detenidos por cualquiera de las Partes en el presente Acuerdo y pertenecientes a las fuerzas armadas, regulares o irregulares, de la otra Parte, serán canjeados en la forma siguiente:

     1. 1. El canje de prisioneros de guerra se efectuará enteramente bajo la vigilancia y el control de las Naciones Unidas. Dicho canje se efectuará en Ras En Nakoura, dentro de las 24 horas siguientes a la firma del presente Acuerdo.

        2. Los prisioneros de guerra sujetos a procedimiento penal, así como los que hayan sido condenados por delitos graves o leves serán incluidos en este canje.

        3. Todos los artículos de uso personal, objetos de valor, cartas, documentos, objetos de identificación y otros efectos personales, de cualquier naturaleza que sean, pertenecientes a los prisioneros de guerra canjeados, serán devueltos a esos prisioneros o, en el caso de fallecimiento o evasión de los interesados, a la Parte a cuyas fuerzas armadas pertenecían los prisioneros.

        4. Todas las cuestiones que no estén específicamente reglamentadas en el presente Acuerdo serán resueltas en conformidad con los principios de la Convención Internacional relativa al Trato de los Prisioneros de Guerra, firmada en Ginebra el 27 de julio de 1929.

        5. La Comisión Mixta de Armisticio, establecida por el artículo VII del presente Acuerdo, estará encargada de localizar a las personas desaparecidas, ya sean militares o civiles, en las zonas dominadas por cada una de las Partes, a fin de facilitar su pronto canje. Cada una de las Partes se compromete a prestar toda su colaboración y ayuda a la Comisión en el cumplimiento de esta misión.

  6. Artículo VII

• • • 1. La ejecución de las disposiciones del presente Acuerdo será vigilada por una Comisión Mixta de Armisticio, compuesta de cinco miembros, de los cuales dos serán designados por cada una de las Partes en el presente Acuerdo y cuyo Presidente será el Jefe de Estado Mayor del Organismo de Vigilancia de la Tregua (Naciones Unidas) o un funcionario superior del personal de observadores de este Organismo designado por el Jefe de Estado Mayor, previa consulta con las dos Partes 'en e! presente Acuerdo.

      2. La Comisión Mixta de Armisticio tendrá su sede en el puesto fronterizo al norte de Metulla y en el puesto fronterizo libanés de Nakoura. Se reunirá cuando y donde lo estime necesario para una eficaz ejecución de su labor.

      3. La Comisión Mixta de Armisticio será convocada a su primera reunión por el Jefe de Estado Mayor del Organismo de Vigilancia de la Tregua (Naciones Unidas) dentro del plazo de una semana a partir de la fecha de la firma del presente Acuerdo.

      4. Al tomar sus decisiones, la Comisión Mixta de Armisticio se fundará, dentro de lo posible, en el principio de la unanimidad. A falta de unanimidad, las decisiones se tomarán por mayoría de votos de los miembros de la Comisión presentes y votantes.

      5. La Comisión Mixta de Armisticio formulará su propio reglamento. Las reuniones se celebrarán sólo después que el Presidente haya avisado, con la debida anticipación, a los miembros de la Comisión. La mayoría de los miembros constituirá quórum.

      6. La Comisión estará facultada para emplear tantos observadores cuantos juzgare indispensables para el cumplimiento de su labor. Estos podrán pertenecer a las organizaciones militares de las Partes, al personal militar del Organismo de Vigilancia de la Tregua (Naciones Unidas), o a ambos. De emplear la Comisión a observadores de las Naciones Unidas, éstos permanecerán bajo el mando del Jefe de Estado Mayor del Organismo de Vigilancia de la Tregua (Naciones Unidas). Las misiones de carácter general o particular confiadas a los observadores de las Naciones Unidas agregados a la Comisión Mixta de Armisticio estarán sujetas a la aprobación del Jefe de Estado Mayor o de su representante calificado en la Comisión, según cual sea el que esté actuando de Presidente.

      7. Las reclamaciones o quejas presentadas por una u otra de las Partes respecto a la aplicación del presente Acuerdo, serán inmediatamente remitidas a la Comisión Mixta de Armisticio por mediación de su Presidente. Valiéndose de sus servicios de observación y de investigación la Comisión adoptará todas las disposiciones que juzgue útiles, respecto de las reclamaciones o quejas de esta naturaleza, con objeto de llegar a un arreglo equitativo y satisfactorio para una y otra de las Partes.

      8. En caso de discrepancia en la interpretación de una disposición determinada del presente Acuerdo, aparte del Preámbulo y de los artículos I y II, prevalecerá la interpretación dada por la Comisión. La Comisión podrá, a su arbitrio y según las necesidades, recomendar oportunamente a las Partes la introducción de modificaciones en las disposiciones del presente Acuerdo.

      9. La Comisión Mixta de Armisticio presentará a ambas Partes, con la frecuencia que juzgue necesaria, informes sobre sus actividades. Se enviará un ejemplar de cada informe al Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas quien lo remitirá al organismo o al órgano competente de las Naciones Unidas.

      10. Los miembros de la Comisión y sus observadores gozarán, en las zonas a que se refiere el presente Acuerdo, de la libertad de movimiento y de acceso que la Comisión juzgue necesaria, quedando entendido que cuando la Comisión tome decisiones de esta naturaleza por mayoría de votos, únicamente se emplearán observadores de las Naciones Unidas.

      11. Los gastos de la Comisión, aparte de los relacionados con los observadores de las Naciones Unidas, serán repartidos por igual entre las dos Partes en el presente Acuerdo.

• 7. Artículo VIII

• • • 1. El presente Acuerdo no está sujeto a ratificación y entrará en vigor inmediatamente, una vez firmado.

      2. El presente Acuerdo, negociado y concertado en cumplimiento de la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de 16 de noviembre de 1948, que instaba a la conclusión de un armisticio a fin de eliminar la amenaza a la paz en Palestina y facilitar el paso de la tregua actual a la paz permanente en Palestina, permanecerá en vigor hasta que se logre un arreglo pacífico entre las dos Partes, salvo en lo referente al caso previsto en el párrafo 3 del presente artículo.

      3. Las Partes en el presente Acuerdo podrán, de común acuerdo, modificar el presente Acuerdo o una cualquiera de sus disposiciones, o suspender su aplicación, con excepción de los artículos I y III, en cualquier momento. A falta de acuerdo mútuo, y después que el presente Acuerdo haya estado en vigor durante un año desde la fecha de su firma, cualquiera de las dos Partes podrá invitar al Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas a que convoque a una conferencia de representantes de las dos Partes con miras a examinar de nuevo o modificar cualquiera de las disposiciones del presente Acuerdo, aparte de los artículos I y III, o a suspender su aplicación. Ambas Partes estarán obligadas a participar en tal conferencia.

      4. Si la conferencia prevista en el párrafo 3 del presente artículo no da por resultado, respecto de un punto en litigio, una solución aceptada por ambas Partes, una u otra de las Partes podrá someter la cuestión al Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas para obtener del mismo la ayuda deseada, fundándose en que el presente Acuerdo ha sido concertado en cumplimiento de una decisión adoptada por el Consejo de Seguridad para establecer la paz en Palestina.

      5. El presente Acuerdo se firma en cinco ejemplares de los cuales uno será conservado por cada una de las dos Partes, dos serán enviados al Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas para su transmisión al Consejo de Seguridad y a la Comisión de Conciliación de las Naciones Unidas para Palestina, y un ejemplar será remitido al Mediador Interino para Palestina.

• 8. Firma

  9. HECHO en Ras En Nakoura, el veintitrés de marzo de mil novecientos cuarenta y nueve, en presencia del Delegado del Mediador Interino de las Naciones Unidas para Palestina y del Jefe de Estado Mayor del Organismo de Vigilancia de la Tregua (Naciones Unidas).

  10. Por el Gobierno de Israel                                     Por el Gobierno del Líbano

  11. y en su nombre                                                   y en su nombre

  12. (Firmado)                                                            (Firmado)

  13. Teniente Coronel                                                Teniente Coronel

  14. Morclechai MAKLEFF                                           Toufic SALEM

  15. Yenoshua PELMAN                                              Comandante J. HARB

  16. Shabtai ROSENNE

  17. Anexo - Definición de las Fuerzas defensivas

  18. I. Las fuerzas militares defensivas a que se refiere el párrafo 2 del artículo V, no excederán de:

      1. 2. 1. • 1. 1. En el caso del Líbano:

                 2. i) Dos batallones y dos compañías de infantería del ejército regular libanés, una batería de campaña de 4 piezas y una compañía de 12 carros ligeros con ametralladoras y 6 tanques ligeros armados con cañones (20 vehículos). Total: 1.500 oficiales y tropa.

                 3. ii) Al sur de la línea general El Qasmiyé-Nabatiyé Ett Tahta-Hasbaiya, no se podrán emplear otras fuerzas militares que las mencionadas en el precedente inciso i).

• • • • • 1. 2. En el caso de Israel:

             1. i) Un batallón de infantería, una compañía de apoyo con 6 morteros y 6 ametralladoras, una compañía de reconocimiento con 6 carros ligeros con ametralladoras y 6 "jeeps" blindados, una batería de campaña de cuatro piezas, un pelotón ingenieros y unidades de tales como de intendencia y de armas y municiones, no debiendo pasar el total de 1.500 oficiales y tropa.

             2. ii) Al norte de la línea general Nahariya-Tarshiha-Jish-Marus no se podrán emplear más fuerzas militares que las mencionadas en el precedente inciso i) del párrafo 2.

• • • • 1. II. No se impondrá ninguna restricción de movimiento en uno u otro lado en lo que atañe al abastecimiento o a los movimientos de estas fuerzas defensivas detrás de la línea de demarcación.

        2. Israel-Jordania (3 abr 1949)

        3. El Acuerdo prevé, básicamente, que las partes se obligan a resolver las disputas sin agredirse; que la Legión Árabe reemplazará al ejército iraquí en el centro-norte de Palestina; y que habrá una zona neutral entre los dos países, salvo en Ácaba, donde seguirán las mismas fuerzas que en el momento de firmar el Acuerdo.

        4. Se formará un Comité de Árabes y Judíos que, asistidos por el Consejo de Seguridad de NNUU, buscará la paz. Los judíos controlarán el Jerusalén Moderno y los árabes el Antiguo, Belén, Jebrón y la Palestina central. El Mar Muerto se dividirá en mitades. Se podrá viajar libremente en las carreteras Tel Aviv-Jerusalén y Jerusalén-Belén. Se restaurará y reanudará el suministro de agua a Jerusalén desde Latrún, que había sido cortado por los árabes. Los judíos controlarán la carretera Hadera-Afula, al noroeste deof Nablús-Jenín-Tulkarm.

        5. Español

• 19. Ver mapa original anexo al acuerdo (MESH)

  20. Español - CS S/1302/Rev.1. - Telegrama de fecha 3 de abril de 1949, dirigido al Secretario General por el Mediador Interino de las Naciones Unidas, remitiéndole el texto de un Acuerdo General de Armisticio entre el Reino Hachemita de Jordania e Israel

• • • • • 1. Rodas, 3 de abril de 1949

          2. Al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad

          3. Tengo el honor de informarle que el Reino Hachemita de Jordania e Israel han fimlado un acuerdo de armisticio esta tarde, 3 de abril de 1949, en Rodas. El texto del acuerdo figura a continuación.

• • • • 1. Ralph J. BUNCHE

        2. Mediador Interino

• • • 1. Inglés

      2. Telegrama del Mediador al Consejo de Seguridad

• • 1. [Original text: English]

    2. Security Council - S/1302/Rev.1 - 3 April 1949

    3. Cablegram dated 3 April 1949 from the United Nations Acting Mediator to the Secretary-General transmitting the text of the General Armistice Agreement between the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom and Israel.

    4. Rhodes, 3 April 1949

    5. For the President of the Security Council

    6. I have the honour to inform you that an armistice agreement between the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom and Israel has been signed this evening, 3 April 1949, at Rhodes. The text of the agreement follows.

    7. Ralph J. BUNCHE

    8. Acting Mediator

       1. Text

    9. Fuente: MESH - ver mapa original de MESH - Otra fuente y otro texto del Acuerdo con enlaces internos (The Avalon Project)

    10. HASHEMITE JORDAN KINGDOM - ISRAEL

    11. GENERAL ARMISTICE AGREEMENT

    12. Rhodes, 3 April 1949

    13. Preamble

• • • 1. The Parties to the present Agreement,

      2. Responding to the Security Council resolution of 16 November 1948,2/ calling upon them, as a further provisional measure under Article 40 of the Charter of the United Nations and in order to facilitate the transition from the present truce to permanent peace in Palestine, to negotiate an armistice;

      3. Having decided to enter into negotiations under United Nations chairmanship concerning the implementation of the Security Council resolution of 16 November 1948; and having appointed representatives empowered to negotiate and conclude an Armistice Agreement;

      4. The undersigned representatives of their respective Governments, having exchanged their full powers found to be in good and proper form, have agreed upon the following provisions:

      5. Article I

      6. With a view to promoting the return of permanent peace in Palestine and in recognition of the importance in this regard of mutual assurances concerning the future military operations of the Parties, the following principles, which shall be fully observed by both Parties during the armistice, are hereby affirmed:

      7. 1. The injunction of the Security Council against resort to military force in the settlement of the Palestine question shall henceforth be scrupulously respected by both Parties;

      8. 2. No aggressive action by the armed forces - land, sea, or air - of either Party shall be undertaken, planned, or threatened against the people or the armed forces of the other; it being understood that the use of the term planned in this context has no bearing on normal staff planning as generally practised in military organizations;

      9. 3. The right of each Party to its security and freedom from fear of attack by the armed forces of the other shall be fully respected;

      10. 4. The establishment of an armistice between the armed forces of the two Parties is accepted as an indispensable step toward the liquidation of armed conflict and the restoration of peace in Palestine.

      11. Article II

      12. With a specific view to the implementation of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948, the following principles and purposes are affirmed:

      13. 1. The principle that no military or political advantage should be gained under the truce ordered by the Security Council is recognized;

      14. 2. It is also recognized that no provision of this Agreement shall in any way prejudice the rights, claims and positions of either Party hereto in the ultimate peaceful settlement of the Palestine question, the provisions of this Agreement being dictated exclusively by military considerations.

      15. Article III

      16. 1. In pursuance of the foregoing principles and of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948, a general armistice between the armed forces of the two Parties - land, sea and air - is hereby established.

      17. 2. No element of the land, sea or air military or para-military forces of either Party, including non-regular forces, shall commit any warlike or hostile act against the military or para-military forces of the other Party, or against civilians in territory under the control of that Party; or shall advance beyond or pass over for any purpose whatsoever the Armistice Demarcation Lines set forth in articles V and VI of this Agreement; or enter into or pass through the air space of the other Party.

      18. 3. No warlike act or act of hostility shall be conducted from territory controlled by one of the Parties to this Agreement against the other Party.

      19. Article IV

      20. 1. The lines described in articles V and VI of this Agreement shall be designated as the Armistice Demarcation Lines and are delineated in pursuance of the purpose and intent of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948.

      21. 2. The basic purpose of the Armistice Demarcation Lines is to delineate the lines beyond which the armed forces of the respective Parties shall not move.

      22. 3. Rules and regulations of the armed forces of the Parties, which prohibit civilians from crossing the fighting lines or entering the area between the lines, shall remain in effect after the signing of this Agreement with application to the Armistice Demarcation Lines defined in articles V and VI.

      23. Article V

      24. 1. The Armistice Demarcation Lines for all sectors other than the sector now held by Iraqi forces shall be as delineated on the maps 3/ in annex I to this Agreement, and shall be defined as follows:

      25. (a) In the sector Kh Deir Arab (MR 1510-1574) to the northern terminus of the lines defined in the 30 November 1948 Cease-Fire Agreement for the Jerusalem area, the Armistice Demarcation Lines shall follow the truce lines as certified by the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization;

      26. (b) In the Jerusalem sector, the Armistice Demarcation Lines shall correspond to the lines defined in the 30 November 1948 Cease-Fire Agreement for the Jerusalem area;

      27. (c) In the Hebron-Dead Sea sector, the Armistice Demarcation Line shall be as delineated on map I and marked B in annex I to this Agreement;

      28. (d) In the sector from a point on the Dead Sea (MR 1925-0958) to the southernmost tip of Palestine, the Armistice Demarcation Line shall be determined by existing military positions as surveyed in March 1949 by United Nations observers, and shall run from north to south as delineated on map I in annex I to this Agreement.

      29. Article VI

      30. 1. It is agreed that the forces of the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom shall replace the forces of Iraq in the sector now held by the latter forces, the intention of the Government of Iraq in this regard having been communicated to the Acting Mediator in the message of 20 March from the Foreign Minister of Iraq authorizing the delegation of the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom to negotiate for the Iraqi forces and stating that those forces would be withdrawn.

      31. 2. The Armistice Demarcation Line for the sector now held by Iraqi forces shall be as delineated on map 1 in Annex I to this Agreement and marked A.

      32. 3. The Armistice Demarcation Line provided for in paragraph 2 of this article shall be established in stages as follows, pending which the existing military lines may be maintained:

      33. (a) In the area west of the road from Baqa to Jaljulia, and thence to the east of Kafr Qasim: within five weeks of the date on which this Armistice Agreement is signed;

      34. (b) In the area of Wadi Ara north of the line from Baqa to Zubeiba: within seven weeks of the date on which this Armistice Agreement is signed;

      35. (c) In all other areas of the Iraqi sector: within fifteen weeks of the date on which this Armistice Agreement is signed.

      36. 4. The Armistice Demarcation Line in the Hebron-Dead Sea sector, referred to in paragraph (c) of article V of this Agreement and marked B on map 1 in annex I, which involves substantial deviation from the existing military lines in favour of the forces of the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom, is designated to offset the modifications of the existing military lines in the Iraqi sector set forth in paragraph 3 of this article.

      37. 5. In compensation for the road acquired between Tulkarem and Qalqiliya, the Government of Israel agrees to pay to the Government of the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom the cost of constructing twenty kilometres of first-class new road.

      38. 6. Wherever villages may be affected by the establishment of the Armistice Demarcation Line provided for in paragraph 2 of this article, the inhabitants of such villages shall be entitled to maintain, and shall be protected in, their full rights of residence, property and freedom. In the event any of the inhabitants should decide to leave their villages, they shall be entitled to take with them their livestock and other movable property, and to receive without delay full compensation for the land which they have left. It shall be prohibited for Israeli forces to enter or to be stationed in such villages, in which locally recruited Arab police shall be organized and stationed for internal security purposes.

      39. 7. The Hashemite Jordan Kingdom accepts responsibility for all Iraqi forces in Palestine.

      40. 8. The provisions of this article shall not be interpreted as prejudicing, in any sense, an ultimate political settlement between the Parties to this Agreement.

      41. 9. The Armistice Demarcation Lines defined in articles V and VI of this Agreement are agreed upon by the Parties without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines or to claims of either Party relating thereto.

      42. 10. Except where otherwise provided, the Armistice Demarcation Lines shall be established, including such withdrawal of forces as may be necessary for this purpose, within ten days from the date on which this Agreement is signed.

      43. 11. The Armistice Demarcation Lines defined in this article and in article V shall be subject to such rectification as may be agreed upon by the Parties to this Agreement, and all such rectifications shall have the same force and effect as if they had been incorporated in full in this General Armistice Agreement.

      44. Article VII

      45. 1. The military forces of the Parties to this Agreement shall be limited to defensive forces only in the areas extending ten kilometres from each side of the Armistice Demarcation Lines, except where geographical considerations make this impractical, as at the southernmost tip of Palestine and the coastal strip. Defensive forces permissible in each sector shall be as defined in annex II to this Agreement. In the sector now held by Iraqi forces, calculations on the reduction of forces shall include the number of Iraqi forces in this sector.

      46. 2. Reduction of forces to defensive strength in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall be completed within ten days of the establishment of the Armistice Demarcation Lines defined in this Agreement. In the same way the removal of mines from mined roads and areas evacuated by either Party, and the transmission of plans showing the location of such minefields to the other Party, shall be completed within the same period.

      47. 3. The strength of the forces which may be maintained by the Parties on each side of the Armistice Demarcation Lines shall be subject to periodical review with a view toward further reduction of such forces by mutual agreement of the Parties.

      48. Article VIII

      49. 1. A Special Committee, composed of two representatives of each Party designated by the respective Governments, shall be established for the purpose of formulating agreed plans and arrangements designed to enlarge the scope of this Agreement and to effect improvements in its application.

      50. 2. The Special Committee shall be organized immediately following the coming into effect of this Agreement and shall direct its attention to the formulation of agreed plans and arrangements for such matters as either Party may submit to it, which, in any case, shall include the following, on which agreement in principle already exists: free movement of traffic on vital roads, including the Bethlehem and Latrun-Jerusalem roads, resumption of the normal functioning of the cultural and humanitarian institutions on Mount Scopus and free access thereto; free access to the Holy Places and cultural institutions and use of the cemetery on the Mount of Olives; resumption of operation of the Latrun pumping station; provision of electricity for the Old City; and resumption of operation of the railroad to Jerusalem.

      51. 3. The Special Committee shall have exclusive competence over such matters as may be referred to it. Agreed plans and arrangements formulated by it may provide for the exercise of supervisory functions by the Mixed Armistice Commission established in article XI.

      52. Article IX

      53. Agreements reached between the Parties subsequent to the signing of this Armistice Agreement relating to such matters as further reduction of forces as contemplated in paragraph 3 of article VII, future adjustments of the Armistice Demarcation Lines, and plans and arrangements formulated by the Special Committee established in article VIII, shall have the same force and effect as the provisions of this Agreement and shall be equally binding upon the Parties.

      54. Article X

      55. An exchange of prisoners of war having been effected by special arrangement between the Parties prior to the signing of this Agreement, no further arrangements on this matter are required except that the Mixed Armistice Commission shall undertake to re-examine whether there may be any prisoners of war belonging to either Party which were not included in the previous exchange. In the event that prisoners of war shall be found to exist, the Mixed Armistice Commission shall arrange for an early exchange of such prisoners. The Parties to this Agreement undertake to afford full co-operation to the Mixed Armistice Commission in its discharge of this responsibility.

      56. Article XI

      57. 1. The execution of the provisions of this Agreement, with the exception of such matters as fall within the exclusive competence of the Special Committee established in article VIII, shall be supervised by a Mixed Armistice Commission composed of five members, of whom each Party to this Agreement shall designate two, and whose Chairman shall be the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization or a senior officer from the observer personnel of that organization designated by him following consultation with both Parties to this Agreement.

      58. 2. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall maintain its headquarters at Jerusalem and shall hold its meetings at such places and at such times as it may deem necessary for the effective conduct of its work.

      59. 3. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall be convened in its first meeting by the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization not later than one week following the signing of this Agreement.

      60. 4. Decisions of the Mixed Armistice Commission, to the extent possible, shall be based on the principle of unanimity. In the absence of unanimity, decisions shall be taken by a majority vote of the members of the Commission present and voting.

      61. 5. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall formulate its own rules of procedure. Meetings shall be held only after due notice to the members by the Chairman. The quorum for its meetings shall be a majority of its members.

      62. 6. The Commission shall be empowered to employ observers, who may be from among the military organizations of the Parties or from the military personnel of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, or from both, in such numbers as may be considered essential to the performance of its functions. In the event United Nations observers should be so employed, they shall remain under the command of the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization. Assignments of a general or special nature given to United Nations observers attached to the Mixed Armistice Commission shall be subject to approval by the United Nations Chief of Staff or his designated representative on the Commission, whichever is serving as Chairman.

      63. 7. Claims or complaints presented by either Party relating to the application of this Agreement shall be referred immediately to the Mixed Armistice Commission through its Chairman. The Commission shall take such action on all such claims or complaints by means of its observation and investigation machinery as it may deem appropriate, with a view to equitable and mutually satisfactory settlement.

      64. 8. Where interpretation of the meaning of a particular provision of this Agreement, other than the preamble and articles I and II, is at issue, the Commission's interpretation shall prevail. The Commission, in its discretion and as the need arises, may from time to time recommend to the Parties modifications in the provisions of this Agreement.

      65. 9. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall submit to both Parties reports on its activities as frequently as it may consider necessary. A copy of each such report shall be presented to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the appropriate organ or agency of the United Nations.

      66. 10. Members of the Commission and its observers shall be accorded such freedom of movement and access in the area covered by this Agreement as the Commission may determine to be necessary, provided that when such decisions of the Commission are reached by a majority vote United Nations observers only shall be employed.

      67. 11. The expenses of the Commission, other than those relating to United Nations observers, shall be apportioned in equal shares between the two Parties to this Agreement.

      68. Article XII

      69. 1. The present Agreement is not subject to ratification and shall come into force immediately upon being signed.

      70. 2. This Agreement, having been negotiated and concluded in pursuance of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948 calling for the establishment of an armistice in order to eliminate the threat to the peace in Palestine and to facilitate the transition from the present truce to permanent peace in Palestine, shall remain in force until a peaceful settlement between the Parties is achieved, except as provided in paraagraph 3 of this article.

      71. 3. The Parties to this Agreement may, by mutual consent, revise this Agreement or any of its provisions, or may suspend its application, other than articles I and III, at any time. In the absence of mutual agreement and after this Agreement has been in effect for one year from the date of its signing, either of the Parties may call upon the Secretary-General of the United Nations to convoke a conference of representatives of the two Parties for the purpose of reviewing, revising, or suspending any of the provisions of this Agreement other than articles I and III. Participation in such conference shall be obligatory upon the Parties.

      72. 4. If the conference provided for in paragraph 3 of this article does not result in an agreed solution of a point in dispute, either Party may bring the matter before the Security Council of the United Nations for the relief sought on the grounds that this Agreement has been concluded in pursuance of Security Council action toward the end of achieving peace in Palestine.

      73. 5. This Agreement is signed in quintuplicate 4/, of which one copy shall be retained by each Party, two copies communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security Council and to the United Nations Conciliation Commission on Palestine, and one copy to the United Nations Acting Mediator on Palestine.

      74. DONE at Rhodes, Island of Rhodes, Greece, on the third of April one thousand nine hundred and forty-nine in the presence of the United Nations Acting Mediator on Palestine and the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization.

      75. For and on behalf of the

      76. Government of the Hashemite

      77. Jordan Kingdom

      78. (Signed)

      79. Colonel Ahmed Sudki EL-JUNDI

      80. Lieutenant-Colonel Mohamed MAAYTE

      81. For and on behalf of the

      82. Government of Israel

      83. (Signed)

      84. Reuven SHILOAH

      85. Lieutenant-Colonel Moshe DAYAN

      86. Annex I

      87. MAPS DELINEATING ARMISTICE DEMARCATION LINES

      88. [These maps follow annex II, and are explained in the [end]note [3] by the Secretariat to article V of the Agreement.]

      89. Annex II

      90. DEFINITION OF DEFENSIVE FORCES

      91. I. For the purposes of this Agreement defensive forces shall be defined as follows:

      92. 1. Land forces

      93. (a) A standard battalion to consist of not more than 800 officers and other ranks, and to be composed of not more than:

      94. (i) Four rifle companies with ordinary infantry equipment; rifles, LMG's, SMG's, light mortars, anti-tank rifles and PIAT.

      95. The light mortars shall not be heavier than 2 inch.

      96. The following number of weapons per battalion shall not be exceeded: 48 LMG's, 16 mortars 2 inch, 8 PIAT's;

      97. (ii) One support company with not more than six MMG's, six mortars and not heavier than 3 inch, four anti-tank guns not heavier than six-pounders;

      98. (iii) One headquarters company;

      99. (b) The artillery and anti-aircraft artillery to be allotted to the defensive forces shall consist of the following type of weapons: field guns not heavier than twenty-five pounders, the anti-air-craft guns not heavier than forty millimetres.

      100. 2. The following are excluded from the term "defensive forces":

      101. (a) Armour, such as tanks of all types, armoured cars, Bren gun carriers, half-tracks, armoured vehicles or load carriers, or any other armoured vehicles;

      102. (b) All support arms and units other than those specified in paragraphs 1(a) i and ii, and 1 (b) above;

      103. (c) Service units to be agreed upon.

      104. 3. Air forces

      105. In the areas where defensive forces only are permitted airfields, airstrips, landing fields and other installations, and military aircraft shall be employed for defensive and normal supply purposes only.

      106. II. The defensive forces which may be maintained by each Party in the areas extending ten kilometres from each side of the Armistice Demarcation Lines, as provided in paragraph 1 of article VI, shall be as follows for the sectors described in article V, paragraph 1:

      107. 1. Sector Kh Deir Arab (MR 1510-1574) to the northern terminus of the lines defined in the 30 November 1948 Cease-Fire Agreement for the Jerusalem area: one battalion each.

      108. 2. Jerusalem sector: two battalions each.

      109. 3. Hebron-Dead Sea sector: one battalion each.

      110. 4. Sector Engeddi to Eylat: three battalions each. In addition, each side will be allowed one squadron of light armoured cars consisting of not more than 13 light armoured cars or half tracks. The weapons permissible on these vehicles will be determined by the Mixed Armistice Commission.

      111. 5. Sector now held by Iraqi forces: five battalions each, and one squadron of armoured cars each.

      112. Notes

      113. 1/ This document includes mimeographed documents S/1302, S/1302/Add.1, S/1302/Corr.1 and also annexes I and II of the Agreement.

      114. 2/ See Official Records of the Security Council, Third Year, No. 126 (381st meeting), page 53.

      115. 3/ Note by the Secretariat. The photo-offsets of the two officially signed maps comprising annex I will be found at the end of this fascicule. For purposes of reproduction, it has been necessary to present the map of Palestine (map 1) as a north sheet (part 1) and a south sheet (part 2). Map 2 is a survey map of Jerusalem which should be consulted in connexion with sub-paragraph (b) of article V. The line referred to in sub-paragraph (d) of article V begins on part 1 of map 1 (blue line south of the Jerusalem area) and continues south on part 2. For all other geographical references in articles V and VI, map 1, part 1 should be consulted. The truce lines referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of article V are the red and green lines on the latter map.

      116. 4/ All of the signed copies were in English, the English text being the only authentic one.

      117. MAPS DELINEATING ARMISTICE DEMARCATION LINES

      118. Palestine (North & South sheets), Jerusalem, Latrun

      119. Efectos del Armisticio 1949-1967 en los poblados árabes

• • • 1. Israel-Siria (20 jul 1949)

• • 1. Armisticio con Siria en @1948War

    2. Español - CS S/1353/Rev.1. - Comunicación del 20 de julio de 1949, dirigida al Secretario General Interino por el Mediador Interino de las Naciones Unidas en Palestina con la cual transmite el texto del Acuerdo de Armisticio General entre Siria e Israel.

       1. 1. Al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad: 

          2. Tengo el honor de informar al Consejo de Seguridad que, conforme a la resolución del Consejo de Seguridad fechada el 16 de noviembre de 1948, las delegaciones de Israel y de Siria han firmado el 20 de julio de 1949, en la cota 232, cerca de Mahanayim, un Acuerdo de Armisticio General. El texto de tal acuerdo figura a continuación.

          3. Ralph J. BUNCHE

          4. Mediador Interino

    3. Inglés

• • • 1. Text of the Agreement

      2. COMMUNICATION DATED 20 JULY 1949 

• • 4. FROM THE UNITED NATIONS ACTING MEDIATOR ON PALESTINE 

    5. TO THE ACTING SECRETARY-GENERAL 

    6. TRANSMITTING THE TEXT OF AN 

    7. ARMISTICE AGREEMENT BETWEEN ISRAEL AND SYRIA 

    8. For the President of the Security Council: 

    9. “I have the honour to inform the Security Council that a General Armistice Agreement, in pursuance of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948, was signed by the delegations of Israel and Syria at Hill 232, near Mahanayim on 20 July 1949. 

    10. The text of the Agreement is as follows: 

    11. ISRAELI-SYRIAN GENERAL ARMISTICE AGREEMENT

    12. PREAMBLE 

    13. THE Parties to the present Agreement, 

    14. Responding to the Security Council resolution of 16 November 1948, calling upon them, as a further provisional measure under Article 40 of the Charter of the United Nations and in order to facilitate the transition from the present truce to permanent peace in Palestine, to negotiate an armistice; 

    15.  

    16. Having decided to enter into negotiations under United Nations Chairmanship concerning the implementation of the Security Council resolution of 16 November 1948; and having appointed representatives empowered to negotiate and conclude an Armistice Agreement; 

    17. The undersigned representatives, having exchanged their full powers found to be in good and proper form, have agreed upon the following provisions: 

    18. ARTICLE I 

    19.  

    20. With a view to promoting the return of permanent peace in Palestine and in recognition of the importance in this regard of mutual assurances concerning the future military operations of the Parties, the following principles, which shall be fully observed by both Parties during the armistice, are hereby affirmed: 

    21.  1. The injunction of the Security Council against resort to military force in the settlement of the Palestine question shall henceforth be scrupulously respected by both Parties. The establishment of an armistice between their armed forces is accepted as an indispensable step toward the liquidation of armed conflict and the restoration of peace in Palestine. 

    22.  2. No aggressive action by the armed forces - land, sea or air - of either Party shall be undertaken, planned, or threatened against the people or the armed forces of the other; it being understood that the use of the term “planned” in this context has no bearing on normal staff planning as generally practised in military organizations. 

    23.  3. The right of each Party to its security and freedom from fear of attack by the armed forces of the other shall be fully respected. 

    24. ARTICLE II 

    25.  

    26. With a specific view to the implementation of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948, the following principles and purposes are affirmed: 

    27. 1. The principle that no military or political advantage should be gained under the truce ordered by the Security Council is recognized.

    28. 2. It is also recognized that no provision of this Agreement shall in any way prejudice the rights, claims and positions of either Party hereto in the ultimate peaceful settlement of the Palestine question, the provisions of this Agreement being dictated exclusively by military and not by political considerations. 

    29. ARTICLE III 

    30.  

    31. 1. In pursuance of the foregoing principles and of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948, a general armistice between the armed forces of the two Parties - land, sea and air - is hereby established. 

    32. 2. No element of the land, sea or air military or para-military forces of either Party, including non-regular forces, shall commit any warlike or hostile act against the military or para-military forces of the other Party, or against civilians in territory under the control of that Party; or shall advance beyond or pass over for any purpose whatsoever the Armistice Demarcation Line set forth in Article V of this Agreement; or enter into or pass through the air space of the other Party or through the waters within three miles of the coastline of the other Party. 3. No warlike act or act of hostility shall be conducted from territory controlled by one of the Parties to this Agreement against the other Party or against civilians in territory under control of that Party. 

    33. ARTICLE IV 

    34. 1. The line described in Article V of this Agreement shall be designated as the Armistice Demarcation Line and is delineated in pursuance of the purpose and intent of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948. 

    35. 2. The basic purpose of the Armistice Demarcation Line is to delineate the line beyond which the armed forces of the respective Parties shall not move.

    36. 3. Rules and regulations of the armed forces of the Parties, which prohibit civilians from crossing the fighting lines or entering the area between the lines, shall remain in effect after the signing of this Agreement with application to the Armistice Demarcation Line defined in Article V, subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Article. 

    37. ARTICLE V 

    38. 1. It is emphasized that the following arrangements for the Armistice Demarcation Line between the Israeli and Syrian armed forces and for the Demilitarized Zone are not to be interpreted as having any relation whatsoever to ultimate territorial arrangements affecting the two Parties to this Agreement. 

    39. 2. In pursuance of the spirit of the Security Council resolution of 16 November 1948, the Armistice Demarcation Line and the demilitarized Zone have been defined with a view toward separating the armed forces of the two Parties in such manner as to minimize the possibility of friction and incident, while providing for the gradual restoration of normal civilian life in the area of the Demilitarized Zone, without prejudice to the ultimate settlement. 

    40. 3. The Armistice Demarcation Line shall be as delineated on the map attached to this Agreement as Annex I. The Armistice Demarcation Line shall follow a line midway between the existing truce lines, as certified by the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization for the Israeli and Syrian forces. Where the existing truce lines run along the international boundary between Syria and Palestine, the Armistice Demarcation Line shall follow the boundary line. 

    41. 4. The armed forces of the two Parties shall nowhere advance beyond the Armistice Demarcation Line. 

    42. 5.

    43. (a) Where the Armistice Demarcation Line does not correspond to the international boundary between Syria and Palestine, the area between the Armistice Demarcation Line and the boundary, pending final territorial settlement between the Parties, shall be established as a Demilitarized Zone from which the armed forces of both Parties shall be totally excluded, and in which no activities by military or para-military forces shall be permitted. This provision applies to the Ein Gev and Dardara sectors which shall form part of the Demilitarized Zone.

    44. (b) Any advance by the armed forces, military or para-military, of either Party into any part of the Demilitarized Zone, when confirmed by the United Nations representatives referred to in the following sub-paragraph, shall constitute a flagrant violation of this Agreement.

    45. (c) The Chairman of the Mixed Armistice Commission established in Article VII of this Agreement and United Nations Observers attached to the Commission shall be responsible for ensuring the full implementation of this Article.

    46. (d) The withdrawal of such armed forces as are now found in the Demilitarized Zone shall be in accordance with the schedule of withdrawal annexed to this Agreement (Annex II). 

    47. (e) The Chairman of the Mixed Armistice Commission shall be empowered to authorize the return of civilians to villages and settlements in the Demilitarized Zone and the employment of limited numbers of locally recruited civilian police in the zone for internal security purposes, and shall be guided in this regard by the schedule of withdrawal referred to in sub-paragraph (d) of this Article.

    48. 6. On each side of the Demilitarized Zone there shall be areas, as defined in Annex III to this Agreement, in which defensive forces only shall be maintained, in accordance with the definition of defensive forces set forth in Annex IV to this Agreement. 

    49. ARTICLE VI 

    50. All prisoners of war detained by either Party to this Agreement and belonging to the armed forces, regular or irregular, of the other Party, shall be exchanged as follows:

    51. 1. The exchange of prisoners of war shall be under United Nations supervision and control throughout. The exchange shall take place at the site of the Armistice Conference within twenty-four hours of the signing of this Agreement. 

    52. 2. Prisoners of war against whom a penal prosecution may be pending, as well as those sentenced for crime or other offence, shall be included in this exchange of prisoners.

    53. 3. All articles of personal use, valuables, letters, documents, identification marks, and other personal effects of whatever nature, belonging to prisoners of war who are being exchanged, shall be returned to them, or, if they have escaped or died, to the Party to whose armed forces they belonged.

    54. 4. All matters not specifically regulated in this Agreement shall be decided in accordance with the principles laid down in the International Convention relating to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, signed at Geneva on 27 July 1929.

    55. 5. The Mixed Armistice Commission established in Article VII of this Agreement shall assume responsibility for locating missing persons, whether military or civilian, within the areas controlled by each Party, to facilitate their expeditious exchange. Each Party undertakes to extend to the Commission full co-operation and assistance in the discharge of this function. 

    56. ARTICLE VII

    57. 1. The execution of the provisions of this Agreement shall be supervised by a Mixed Armistice Commission composed of five members, of whom each Party to this Agreement shall designate two, and whose Chairman shall be the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization or a senior officer from the Observer personnel of that Organization designated by him following consultation with both Parties to this Agreement.

    58. 2. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall maintain its headquarters at the Customs House near Jisr Banat Yakub and at Mahanayim, and shall hold its meetings at such places and at such times as it may deem necessary for the effective conduct of its work.

    59. 3. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall be convened in its first meeting by the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization not later than one week following the signing of this Agreement.

    60. 4. Decisions of the Mixed Armistice Commission, to the extent possible, shall be based on the principle of unanimity. In the absence of unanimity, decisions shall be taken by majority vote of the members of the Commission present and voting.

    61. 5. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall formulate its own rules of procedure. Meetings shall be held only after due notice to the members by the Chairman. The quorum for its meetings shall be a majority of its members.

    62. 6. The Commission shall be empowered to employ observers, who may be from among the military organizations of the Parties or from the military personnel of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, or from both, in such numbers as may be considered essential to the performance of its functions. In the event United Nations Observers should be so employed, they shall remain under the command of the United Nations chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization. Assignments of a general or special nature given to United Nations Observers attached to the Mixed Armistice Commission shall be subject to approval by the United Nations Chief of Staff or his designated representative on the Commission, whichever is serving as Chairman.

    63. 7. Claims or complaints presented by either Party relating to the application of this Agreement shall be referred immediately to the Mixed Armistice Commission through its Chairman. The Commission shall take such action on all such claims or complaints by means of its observation and investigation machinery as it may deem appropriate, with a view to equitable and mutually satisfactory settlement.

    64. 8. Where interpretation of the meaning of a particular provision of this Agreement, other than the Preamble and Article I and II, is at issue, the Commission’s interpretation shall prevail. The Commission, in its discretion and as the need arises, may from time to time recommend to the Parties modifications in the provisions of this Agreement.

    65. 9. The Mixed Armistice Commission shall submit to both Parties reports on its activities as frequently as it may consider necessary. A copy of each such report shall be presented to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the appropriate organ or agency of the United Nations.

    66. 10. Members of the Commission and its Observers shall be accorded such freedom of movement and access in the area covered by this Agreement as the Commission may determine to be necessary, provided that when such decisions of the Commission are reached by a majority vote United Nations Observers only shall by employed.

    67. 11. The expenses of the Commission, other than those relating to United Nations Observers, shall be apportioned in equal shares between the two Parties to this Agreement.

    68. ARTICLE VIII

    69. 1. The present Agreement is not subject to ratification and shall come into force immediately upon being signed.

    70. 2. This Agreement, having been negotiated and concluded in pursuance of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948 calling for the establishment of an armistice in order to eliminate the treat to the peace in Palestine and to facilitate the transition from the present truce to permanent peace in Palestine, shall remain in force until a peaceful settlement between the Parties is achieved, except as provided in paragraph 3 of this Article.

    71. 3. The Parties to this Agreement may, by mutual consent, revise this Agreement or any of its provisions, or may suspend its application, other than Articles I and III, at any time. In the absence of mutual agreement and after this Agreement has been in effect for one year from the date of its signing, either of the Parties may call upon the Secretary-General of the United Nations to convoke a conference of representatives of the two Parties for the purpose of reviewing, revising, or suspending any of the provisions of this Agreement other than Articles I and III. Participation in such conferences shall be obligatory upon the Parties.

    72. 4. If the conference provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article does not result in an agreed solution of a point in dispute, either Party may bring the matter before the Security Council of the United Nations for the relief sought on the grounds that this Agreement has been concluded in pursuance of Security Council action toward the end of achieving peace in Palestine.

    73. 5. This Agreement, of which the English and French texts are equally authentic, is signed in quintuplicate. One copy shall be retained by each Party, two copies communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security Council and the United Nations Conciliation Commission on Palestine, and one copy to the Acting Mediator on Palestine.

    74. DONE at Hill 232 near MAHANAYIM on the 20th July 1949, in the presence of the Personal Deputy of the United Nations Acting Mediator on Palestine and the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization. 

    75. FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT 

    76. Signed: 

    77. Lieutenant-Colonel MORDEHAI MAKLEFF YENOSHUA PENMAN SHBTAI ROSENN 

    78. FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE SYRIAN GOVERNMENT

    79. Signed: Colonel FOZI SELO Lieutenant-Colonel MOHAMED NASSER Captain AFIF SIZRI

    80. NOTE. Annexes I to IV to the above Agreement will be published upon receipt at headquarters.

    81. Fracaso de los Armisticios 1949-1956

    82. Documentos selectos relacionados

    83. Resoluciones de NNUU relacionadas con los armisticios

    84. Otros

• 1. Fuente: Ministerio de RREE de Israel

     1. • Prime Minister Ben Gurion report to the Cabinet, 18 November 1948. 

        • Israel accepts the armistice, reply to Acting Mediator Bunche, 18 November 1948. 

        • Israel-Egypt Armistice Agreement, 24 February 1949. 

        • Israel-Lebanon Armistice Agreement, 23 March 1949. 

        • Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement, 3 April 1949. 

        • Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement, 20 July 1949. 

        • Letter from Dr. Bunche to the President of the Security Council, S/1357, 21 July 1949. 

        • Statement by Dr. Bunche to the Security Council, 4 August 1949. 

        • Statement by Ambassador Eban to the Security Council, 4 August 1949. 

        • Security Council endorses armistice agreements, Resolution S/1376, 11 August 1949. 

        • Tripartite Declaration on Security in the Middle East, 25 May 1950.

UN Truce Supervision Organization, Israel-Jordan Conflict, and the Local Commanders’ Agreements

Meetings on the Frontier: The United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, the Israel-Jordan Conflict, and the Local Commanders’ Agreements, 1949-1956 (Dr. Andrew Theobald)