Shuljan Aruj

Resumen

Fuente: Shuljan Aruj en la wiki - Torah.org - Jewsih Virtual Library - 

El Shuljan Aruj (שׁוּלחָן עָרוּך, literalmente 'Mesa puesta'), también conocido como Código de la Ley Judía, es el más autorizado código legal del judaísmo religioso. 

El autor

Lo elaboró en 1563 Yosef Karo en Safad, hoy en el norte de Israel y que, entonces, durante el Imperio Otómano, formaba parte del Eyalet de Damasco. Fue publicado  dos años después en Venecia.

Junto a sus comentarios es la compilación de leyes religiosas judías más ampliamente aceptada. Hay una versión abreviada denominada Kittsur Shuljan Araj.

La eminencia, autor del Mappah, glosas del Shulján Aruj

En general, las normas halájicas del Shuljan Aruj siguen las leyes y costumbres sefardíes, mientras que los judíos ashkenazíes siguen en general las reglas halájicas de Moses Isserles, que glosa el Shuljan Aruj señalando las divergencias entre las costumbres sefardí y ashkenazí. A estas glosas de Iserles, publicadas una década después de la obra original de Karo, se las suele llamar el mappah (el "mantel") del Shuljan Aruj (de la "Mesa puesta"). 

La mayor parte de las ediciones del Shuljan Aruj contienen las glosas de Isserles, al punto que Shuljan Aruj se refiere ahora tanto al original de Karo, a quien se llama el mejaber (el autor), como a las glosas de Isserles, a quien se llama el rema (la eminencia).

Estructura

El Shuljan Aruj se estructura cuatro apartados: 

• Oraj Jaim ('Modo de vida"), con normas sobre vida diaria, oración, sinagoga, sabbat y celebraciones;

• Yoreh Deah ("Enseña conocimiento"), que incluye normas sobre alimentación, relaciones con no judíos, usura, menstruación e inmersión, votos y promesas, caridad, respeto a padres y maestros; estudio de la Torá, caridad, circunsión, prosélitos y esclavos; cosechas, mezclas, primogénitos, ofrendas de pan, cosechas y rebaños; la prohibición; enfermedad, muerte, entierro y duelo; 

• Even haEzer ("Piedra de ayuda"), que incluye normas sobre procreación, matrimonio, divorcio y relacionadas; y 

• Joshen Mishpat ("Peto de juicio"), con normas sobre jueces y testigos, cortes rabínicas (Beit Din, Casa de Juicio), préstamos y reclamaciones; agentes, socios y vecinos; adquisiciones, compras y donaciones; herencias y legados; pérdidas y hallazgos; depósitos, rentas y créditos; hurtos, robos y daños.

Texts (English)

Traducciones en la wikisource, incluye traducciones los cuatro apartados: Oraj Jaim (אורח חיים) – Yoreh Deah (יורה דעה) - Even ha-Ezer (אבן העזר) – Joshen Mishpat (חושן משפט)

Traducciones de la Torah.org, que optan por el mappah (la glosa de Isserles) cuando difiere del shuran original, y que, por ahora, incluye traducciones de Oraj Jaim y Yoreh Deah

Otra traducción

Oraj Jaim ('Modo de vida": normas sobre vida diaria, oración, sinagoga, sabbat y celebraciones)

En Wikisource

Más aquí.

• SECTION 1

  • 1–7 Waking in the Morning

  • 8–24 Fringes

  • 25–45 Tefillin

  • 46–57 Morning Blessings and Other Blessings

  • 58–88 Shema

  • 89–127 Prayer

• SECTION 2

  • 128–134 Priestly Blessing

  • 135–149 Reading the Torah

  • 150–156 Synagogue

  • 157–165 Washing the Hands

  • 166–168 Breaking Bread

  • 169–180 Customs During a Meal

  • 181 Washing Hands After the Meal

  • 182–201 Grace after Meals

  • 202–216 Blessings on Produce

  • 217 Blessings for Fragrance

  • 218  Blessing for Miracles

  • 219–222Thanksgiving Blessings

  • 223–231 Various Blessings

  • 232–234 The Minchah Prayer (afternoon)

  • 235–239 The Evening Prayer

  • 240–241 Modesty

• SECTION 3

  • 242–344  Sabbath

• SECTION 4

  • 345–365 Moving Items Between Domains on Shabbat

  • 366–395 Eiruv

  • 396–407 Tejumin

  • 408–416 Eiruv of Tejumin

  • 417–428 Rosh Jodesh

• SECTION 5

  • 429–494 Passover

  • 495–529 Sacred Holidays

• SECTION 6

  • 530–548 Chol Hamoed

  • 549–561 Tish'ah B'av

  • 562–580 Private Fasts

  • 581–603 Rosh Hashanah

  • 604–620 Yom Kippur

  • 621–644 Sukkah

  • 645–658 The Four Species

  • 659–669 The Prayers of Sukkot, etc.

  • 670–685 Janukáh

  • 686–697 Purim

En Torah.org

Más aquí.

• Glossary

• Chapter 1 - Sleeping, Arising and Washing

• Chapter 2 - Fringes (Tzitzis)

• Chapter 3a - Tefillin (Phylacteries)

• Chapter 3b - Tefillin (Phylacteries), cont'd

• Chapter 4 - Morning Prayers

• Chapter 5 - Shema

• Chapter 6a - Shemoneh Esreh

• Chapter 6b - Shemoneh Esreh, cont'd

• Chapter 7 - The Priestly Blessing and the Conclusion of the Morning Prayers

• Chapter 8 - The Torah Reading

• Chapter 9 - The Synagogue

• Chapter 10 - Washing Before Eating

• Chapter 11 - Eating a Meal

• Chapter 12 - Grace After Meals

• Chapter 13 - Blessings on Foods, Drinks and Fragrances

• Chapter 14 - Blessings on Specific Foods

• Chapter 15 - Blessings on other Occasions

• Chapter 16 - Afternoon and Evening Prayers; Conduct at Night

• Chapter 17 - Preparations for the Sabbath

• Chapter 18 - Work Done By a Non-Jew on the Sabbath

  • Chapter 19 - Work Started Before The Sabbath

• Chapter 20 - The Sabbath Prayers

• Chapter 21 - Kiddush, Havdalah, and the Sabbath Meals

• Chapter 22 - Fire and Food Preparation on the Sabbath

• Chapter 23 - Care of the Body and Clothing on the Sabbath

• Chapter 24 - Animals, Children, and the Sick on the Sabbath

• Chapter 25- Constructive Activities on the Sabbath

• Chapter 26 - Other Activities on the Sabbath

• Chapter 27 - Things That Must Not Be Handled on the Sabbath

• Chapter 28 - Moving Things From One Domain to Another on the Sabbath

• Chapter 29 - Restrictions on Private Domains; Combining Private Domains

• Chapter 30 - The Sabbath Boundary

• Chapter 31 - The Calendar and the New Moon

• Chapter 32 - Preparing for Passover; Disposing of Chametz (Leaven)

• Chapter 33 - Other Chametz Laws

• Chapter 34 - Matzah (Unleavened Bread)

• Chapter 35 - The Passover Services; The Omer and Shavuos

• Chapter 36 - Work on Holidays

• Chapter 37 - Specific Types of Work

• Chapter 38 - The Intermediate Days of the Holidays

• Chapter 39 - The Four Fasts and the Ninth of Av

• Chapter 40 - Private and Public Fasts

• Chapter 41 - Rosh Hashanah (The New Year)

• Chapter 42 - Yom Kippur (The Day of Atonement)

• Chapter 43 - Sukkos (Tabernacles)

• Chapter 44 - The Sukkah

• Chapter 45 - The Four Species

• Chapter 46 - Janukáh

• Chapter 47 - Purim

En ShuljanAraj.com

Consultar aquí por si hay más que los listados a continuación, pues como avisan se trata de un trabajo en marcha.

• Laws of Daily Living Ch 1-7: 

  • Chapter 1: Laws of Morning Preparation 

  • Chapter 2: Laws of Dressing 

  • Chapter 3: Using the facilities 

  • Chapter 4:The laws of Nitilas Yadayim ( Washing of the hands ) 

  • Chapter 5 and 6: Intentions for Blessings & Laws of Elokai N'shama and Asher Yatzar 

  • Chapter 7: Law of Reciting Asher Yatzar After Using the Restroom 

• Laws of Tzitzit Ch 8-25: 

  • Chapter 8: Laws of Tzitzit and Wrapping 

  • Chapter 9: Garments Requiring Tzitzit and Those That Are Exempt 

  • Chapter 10: Tzitzit: Laws Concerning the Corners of a Garment 

  • Chapter 11: Tzitzit: Laws Concerning the Tzitzit Threads 

  • Chapter 12: Tzitzit: Factors That Make Tzitzit Invalid 

• Laws of the Sabbath Ch 242-??? 

  • Chapter 242: To Be Careful with the Honor of Shabbat Chapter 243: The Law of One Who Rents His Field and Bath House to Gentiles Chapter 244: The Types of Work a Gentile is Able to Do for a Jew 

  • Chapter 245: A Jew and a Gentile Who are Partners, How Can it Be Arranged on Shabbat 

  • Chapter 246: The Laws of Lending and Renting to a Gentile on the Sabbath 

  • Chapter 247: The Laws of Sending Out Letters on the Sabbath 

  • Chapter 248: The Laws of Setting Sail and Caravan Traveling on Sabbath 

  • Chapter 249: Laws of Being Tied Down on Friday 

  • Chapter 250: Laws of Shabbat Meal, Ch. 251: To not do work on Erev Shabbat from Mincha and Onwards 

  • Ch. 252: Acts of Labor that are Permitted and Prohibited to Begin on Erev Shabbat in Order that they Will be Completed on the Sabbath 

  • Chapter 253: The Law of Putting Pots on Single and Double Stoves on the Sabbath 

• Laws of Rosh Hashannah. Ch 581-603 

  • Chapter 581: The laws of the days of supplication and the eve of Rosh Hashanah 

  • Chapter 582: Prayers said on ten days of repentance and Rosh Hashanna 

  • Chapter 583 and 584: Customary Foods to Eat The Night of Rosh Hashanah & The Torah Reading Arrangement on Rosh Hashanah 

  • Chapter 585: The Blessing Said on the Shofer 

  • Ch. 586: The Laws of the Rosh Hashanah Shofer 

  • Chapter 587: The Laws Concerning One Who Blew A Shofer in a Pit 

  • Chapter 588: The Time for Blowing the Shofer 

  • Chapter 589: Those Required to Blow the Shofer 

  • Chapter 590: The Correct Order Of Shofer Blowing 

  • Chapter 591: How the Quiet Mussuf is Performed 

  • Chapter 592:The Loud Mussaf Service and the Order of the Shofer Blows

  • Chapter 593: If the blessings and the Shofer blowing hold back each other, Chapter 594: An individual who did not pray (the Mussaf service of Rosh Hashanah), his friend can not be Yotzai him, Chapter 595: One who is not an expert in both the Shofer blowing and in the prayers, Chapter 596: No title, Chapter 597: If it is permitted to fast on Rosh Hashanah 

  • Chapter 598-599 No Title, Ch. 600: An egg that was made on Rosh Hashanah and the laws of Kiddush, Ch. 601: The arrangement of the second day of Rosh Hashanah, Ch. 602: The arrangment of the days of Repentance, Ch. 603: No Title 

• Laws Of Yom Kippur (The Day of Atonement): Ch 604-624 

  • Ch 604: The Order of Erev Yom Kippur and 605: The Custom of Kaparot on Erev Yom Kippur 

  • Ch 606: How a person should make appeasement with his friend on Erev Yom Kippur 

  • Ch 607: The arrangement of Vidoy in Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur 

  • Ch 608: The arragnement of the concluding meal 

  • Ch 609: Keeping food warm on Erev Yom Kippur & Ch 610: Lighting candles on Yom Kippur 

  • Ch 611: Yom Kippur at night has the same laws as during the day and Ch 612: The prohibition on eating on Yom Kippur and the measurement 

  • Ch 613: The Prohibition of Bathing on Yom Kippur Ch 614: The Prohibition of Anointing and Wearing Leather Shoes Shulchan Aruch Chapter 615: The Prohibition of Having Sex During Yom Kippur 

  • Ch 616: When Do Children Begin to Fast on Yom Kippur Ch 617: Laws of a Pregnant, Nursing and a Woman Who Recently Gave Birth on Yom Kippur Ch618: The Laws of a Sick Person on Yom Kippur

  • Ch 619: The Order of the Night of Yom Kippur Ch 620: A Good Custom to Be Brief With the Morning Prayer Ch 621: The Order of the Torah reading and Circumcision Ch 622: The Order of the Mincha Prayer Ch 623: The Order of the Concluding Neilah Prayer Ch 624: The Order of After Yom Kippur is Concluded 

• Laws Of Succot: Ch 625-??? 

  • Ch 625: The Laws of Succot Ch 626: If One is Able to Build a Succah Under a Tree or a Roof Ch 627: The Laws of Sitting in the Succah Ch 628: The Laws of a Succah Under a Succah Shulchan Aruch 

  • Ch 629: What One is Able to Make the Sechach Out Of, Ch. 630: The Laws of the Walls of the Succah 

  • Ch 631: A Succah Who's Sun is More Than it's Shade & Other Laws of Sechach 

  • Ch 632 Things That are Invalid For the Sechach 

  • Ch 633: Laws of the Height of the Succah Ch 634: Succah Can Not be Less than 7x7 

  • Ch 635: The Law of a Succah Made for the Purpose of Shade Ch 636: The Law of an Old Succah 

  • Ch 637: The Laws of a Borrowed or Stolen Succah 

• Laws of Janukáh (670-684) 

  • Ch 670: Things that are Permitted and Prohibited on Chanukah Ch 671: The Order of Lighting the Chanukah Candles and Where to Place Them 

  • Ch 672: The Time for Lighting Chanukah Candles Ch 673: Oils and Wicks That Are Valid for Chanukah 

  • Ch 674: It is Permitted to Light From Candle To Candle Ch 675: That The Lighting is the Mitzvah and Not the Placing 

  • Ch 676: The Order of the Blessings and the Lighting Ch 677: The Law of a Guest on Chanukah 

  • Ch 678: The Shabbat Candles Take Priority Over the Chanukah Candles, Ch 679: No Title, Ch 680: To Not Place the Candles Near the Door On The Eve of Shabbat, Ch 681: One May Not Use the Chanukah Candles For Havdalah After Shabbat is Over 

  • Ch 682 The Laws of the Al Hanissim Prayer on Chanukah; Ch 683: No Title; Ch 684: Order of Torah Reading on Chanukah 

• Laws of Purim 

  • Ch. 686: The Laws of the Fast of Esther, Ch. 687: The Law of Who is Obligated to Read the Megillah  

  • Ch. 688: The Law of Cities that Had Walls From the Time of Joshua the Son of Nun 

• Other Chapters: 

  • Chapter 182: Grace After Meals (Birchas Hamazone) and The Cup Used for The Blessing 

  • Chapter 183: How the Mevarach Should Prepare the Cup for Birchas Hamazone 

  • Chapter 218: Blessings Said on Miracles 

  • Chapter 549: Laws of the Ninth of Av and Other Fasts & Chapter 550: Difference Between the Ninth of Av and Other Fasts 

  • Ch 560: To Make a Memorial to the Destruction of the Temple Chapter 561: The Law When One Sees the Cities of Judea, Jerusalem and the Holy Temple in Their Destruction

Yoreh Deah ("Enseña conocimiento": normas sobre kashrut, muerte y duelo, Israel y pureza familiar)

Incluye normas sobre alimentación, relaciones con no judíos, usura, menstruación e inmersión, votos y promesas, respeto a padres y maestros; estudio de la Torá, caridad, circunsión, prosélitos y esclavos; cosechas, mezclas, primogénitos, ofrendas de pan, cosechas y rebaños; la prohibición; enfermedad, muerte, entierro y duelo.

Según Wikisource

Más aquí.

• 1–28 - Ritual Slaughter

• 29–60 - Unslaughterable Animals

• 61 - Priestly Gifts

• 62 - A Limb from a Live Animal

• 63 - Meat that was Unobserved

• 64 - Prohibited Fats

• 65–68 - Blood

• 69–78 - Salting

• 79–80 - Domesticated and Undomesticated Kosher Animals

• 81 - Things that Come From a Live Animal

• 82 - Birds

• 83 - Fish

• 84–85 - Insects

• 86 - Eggs

• 87–97 - Meat with Milk

• 98–111 - Admixtures

• 112–119 - Food of Idol Worshipers

• 120–121 - The Koshering of Implements

• 122 - That Which Gives Detrimental Taste

• 123–137 - Libational Wine

• 138–158 - Idolatry

• 159–177 - Interest

• 178 - Practices of Idolaters

• 179 - Divination and Magic

• 180 - Tattooing and the Making of Bald Spots

• 181 - Shaving

• 182 - A Man Shall Not Wear a Woman's Garment

• 183–200 - The Menstruant

• 201–202 - Ritual Baths

• 203–235 - Vows

• 236–239 - Oaths

• 240–241 - Honoring One's Father and Mother

• 242 - Honoring One's Rabbi and a Torah Scholar

• 243–244 - Honoring a Torah Scholar

• 245 - Teachers

• 246 - Torah Study

• 247–259 - Charity

• 260–266 - Circumcision

• 267 - Slaves

• 268–269 - Converts

• 270–284 - A Torah Scroll

• 285–291 - Mezuzah

• 292 - Sending Away the Mother Bird

• 293 - New Grain

• 294 - Orlah

• 295 - Inter-species Mingling of Trees

• 296 - Inter-species Mingling of the Vineyard

• 297a - Inter-species Mingling of Vegetation

• 297b - Inter-species Mingling of Animals

• 298–304 - Inter-species Mingling of Clothing

• 305 - Redemption of the Firstborn Son

• 306–320 - The Firstborn of a Kosher Animal

• 321 - The First Birth of a Donkey

• 322–330 - Challah

• 331–333 - Terumot, Tithes, Poor-Gifts and First Shearings

• 334 - Taboo and Excommunication

• 335–339 - Visiting the Sick, Healing, and One Who Is Dying or Deathly Ill

• 340 - Rending One's Clothes

• 341 - First-Day Mourning

• 342–403 - Mourning

Según Torah.org

Más aquí.

• Glossary

• Chapter 1 - Kosher and Unkosher Creatures

• Chapter 2 - Life and Death; Sources; Body Parts

• Chapter 3a - Slaughtering

• Chapter 3b - Slaughtering, cont'd

• Chapter 4a - When Slaughtering is not Effective

• Chapter 4b - Terefah, cont'd

• Chapter 5 - Removing Blood From Meat

• Chapter 6 - Mixing Meat and Milk

• Chapter 7a - Absorption

• Chapter 7b - Absorption cont'd

• Chapter 8a - Mixtures of Food

• Chapter 8b - Mixtures of Food cont'd

• Chapter 9 - Trust and Doubt

• Chapter 10a - Non-Jews' Food, Drink, and Utensils

• Chapter 10b - Non-Jews' Wine

• Chapter 11 - Idolatry

• Chapter 12 - Styles; Magic; Risk of Life

• Chapter 13a - Usury

• Chapter 13b - Usury cont'd

• Chapter 14a - Menstruation

• Chapter 14b - Menstruation cont'd

• Chapter 15 - Immersion

• Chapter 16a - Vows and Oaths

• Chapter 16b - Vows and Oaths cont'd

• Chapter 16c - Vows and Oaths cont'd

• Chapter 17 - Honoring Parents, Teachers and Scholars

• Chapter 18 - Torah Study

• Chapter 19 - Charity

• Chapter 20 - Circumcision

• Chapter 21 - Slaves and Proselytes

• Chapter 22a - The Torah Scroll

• Chapter 22b - The Torah Scroll cont'd

• Chapter 23 - The Doorpost Scroll (Mezuzah)

• Chapter 24 - New grain and new fruit

• Chapter 25 - Mixtures of Species

• Chapter 26 - First-Born

• Chapter 27 - The Dough-Offering (Challah)

• Chapter 28 - Offerings From Crops and Flocks

• Chapter 29 - The Ban

• Chapter 30 - Sickness and Death

• Chapter 31 - Funerals and Burials

• Chapter 32 - Mourning

Even haEzer ("Piedra de ayuda": normas sobre procreación, matrimonio, divorcio y relacionadas)

Según Wikisource

Más aquí.

• 1 Laws of "Be Fruitful and Multiply" - Laws of Procreation

• 2 Laws of Matrimony

• 3 Laws of Betrothal (Kiddushin)

• 4 Laws of Marriage Documents (Ketubot)

• 5 Laws of Divorce (Gittin)

• 6 Laws of Levirate Marriage (Yibum)

• 7 Laws of Release from Levirate Marriage (Chalitzah)

Joshen Mishpat ("Peto de juicio": normas sobre finanzas y reponsabilidad financiera, daños personales y económicos, reglas del Beit Din y de los testimonios)

Incluye normas sobre jueces y testigos, cortes rabínicas (Beit Din, Casa de Juicio), préstamos y reclamaciones; agentes, socios y vecinos; adquisiciones, compras y donaciones; herencias y legados; pérdidas y hallazgos; depósitos, rentas y créditos; hurtos, robos y daños.

Según Wikisource

Más aquí.

• 1 Judges

• 2 Witnesses

• 3 Loans

• 4 Plaintiff and Defendant

• 5 Laws of Keeping Watch Over An Object (for pay)

• 6 Laws of Artisans

• 7 Laws of Renting

• 8 Laws of Borrowing

• 9 Laws of Stealing

• 10 Laws of Robbery

• 11 Laws of Damage to Property