Early history
Stone Age
Paleolithic means "old stone" in the Greek language.
Рeople made tools.
Early Paleolithic Age
Pithecanthropus
1 million years ago Koroleve ( Zakarpattia Oblast).
By hitting flint with a hard stone, they could make it flake into pieces with very sharp edges.
People have learned to use fire.
The dead were not buried
Middle Paleolithic Age
Neanderthals
The Ice Age began 100,000 years ago.
Рeople made learned to tame fire.
They made clothing and shelter.
People made spears, scrapers, knives.
They had a burial rite (Kiyik-Koba parking (Crimea)).
Late Paleolithic Age
Cro-Magnons
Homo sapiens - anatomically modern humans.
The peak of the Ice Age.
They crafted needles made from animal bones.
Mizynska parking (Chernihiv Oblast) found jewelry (bracelets) and musical instruments, Kyrylivska parking lot (Kyiv).
Mesolithic
(Greek: mesos "middle"; lithos "stone")
The glacial period ended and climate warming.
Forms and lakes were formed. Fishing, boat, hooks, skis.
Hunting Crisis: small animals.
The invention of the bow and arrow. Domestication of dogs and pigs.
Microlithic technology – composite devices manufactured.
Neolithic Age
Neolithic revolution - the transition from appropriative (gathering and hunting) to reproductive (agriculture and livestock) activities.
People domesticated or tamed animals and plants
They staied in one place to grow grains and in permanent villages
They made pottery from clay.
They weaved cloth.
They used grinding, breaking, and shaping the stones.
Bug-Dnieper culture, the oldest farmers in Ukraine.
Eneolithic Period
During it the earliest metallic (copper) artifacts appeared; hence, it is also known as the Copper Age.
Property inequality.
The emergence of tribes.
The first division of labor: the separation of livestock from agriculture.
Trypillia culture (farmed), Sredny Stog culture (nomad).
People who farmed settle in one place. Herders remained nomadic and drove their animals wherever they could find grazing land.
(Romanian: Cultura Cucuteni )
1897 Vikentiy Khvoyko, near the village of Trypillya - the first find. 4-2 thousand B.C. Eneolithic, lived between the Carpathians and the Dnieper.
Bull figurines - a symbol of the Sun, women, temples in the form of bulls, pottery with floral ornaments ("culture of painted ceramics (pottery)"), a snake symbol of power, cult vases-twins, clay objects, drawings on clay tablets - the germs of writing.
Nomads Indo-Europeans were the first to build mounds. beginning of 4 thousand B.C. The beginning of the settlement of the oldest Indo-Europeans from the south of Ukraine. Affinity of the languages of Indians (Aryans) and European peoples. the ancestral home of Indo-Europeans is located in the steppes of Eastern Europe.
Between 4500 -3000 B.C. for the first time in Europe, the Sredny Stog culture domesticated the horse and mastered distillery.
2700-1900 B.C. Yamnaya culture is a mass spread of burial mounds.
Bronze Age
Bronze is the first artificial metal, an alloy of copper and tin. Migrations of Indo-Europeans. 4000-1200 B.C. The first great migration of peoples.
Yamnaya culture supplanted Trypillia farmers. Remains of four-wheeled carts.
XI-IX centuries. B.C. Belogrudovo culture - the pre-Proto-Slavs.