Pelajaran sepluh 10課 彼はもうお風呂に入りました。 時制
＜会話＞
A:Saya sudah mandi. Apakah Anda sudah mandi?
B: Belum, saya belum mandi, karena saya sudang makan.
A: Apakah Anda akan mandi?
B: Ya, tentu saja.
訳）
A: I have already taken a bath. Do you take a bath?
B: No, I don't take a bath yet, because I'm having a meal now.
A: Do you take a bath?
B: Yes, it's of course.
＜文法＞
インドネシア語では時制の表現方法は
Ⅰ）.動詞の前に時制のことばを入れか
現在形 （何も要らない） 例）Saya mandi.
未来形 akan 例）Saya akan mandi.
過去形 sudsh (telahでもOK) 例）Saya sudah mandi.
進行形 sedang (lagiでもOK) 例）Saya sedang mandi.
Ⅱ）.時制が分かる言葉が文中に有ればよい。
例えば 昨日=besok をいれる 例）Saya mandi besok.
他の時制を表す言葉には以下がある
belum まだ〜でない。（否定的な まだ）
Saya belum mandi di rumah =I don't take a bath at a house yet.
Apakah Anda sudah makan pagi = Have you already had breakfast?
Ya, saya sudah makan pagi. = Yes, I have already had breakfast.
Belum,saya belum makan pagi, =No, I have not had breakfast yet.
普通は Tidak, saya belum makan pagi. で良いが ”まだ”を強調する時はこう云えばよい
Apakah Anda belum minum obat? = Have not you taken medicine yet?
Sudah saya sudah minum obat = No, I have already taken medicine.
Belum,saya belum minum obat = Yet, I have not taken medicine.
masih まだ〜である。(肯定的な まだ)
Anak saya masih tidur. = My child is still sleeping.
Anak saya belum tidur. = My child has not slept yet.
Saya masih mahasiswa. = I'm still a college student.
Saya masih bekerja di kantor yang duld. = I still work for the previous company.
pernah 〜したことがある。
Orang itu belum pernah minta uang. = There are no cases that the person still requested money.
Orang itu sudah pernah minta uang. = There is a case that the person requested money.
＜例文＞
1.Saya akan pergi ke Indonesia. =I'll go to Indonesia.
2.Dia sudah pulang ke rumah. =He has already gone home.
3.Ayah saya sedang mandi di kamar mandi. =My father takes a bath in the bathroom.
4.Saya pergi ke sekolah besok. =I'll go to school tomorrow.
5.Dia datang dari Jakarta kemarin. =He came from Jakarta yesterday.
6.Aya saya makan nasi sekarang. =My father is having a meal now.
7.Adik saya belum membeli perangko. =My younger brother has not bought a stamp yet.
8.Perempuan itu masih berbicara di rumah. =The female person is still speaking at a house.
9.Guru saya sudah pernah pergi ke Amerika. =There is a case that my teacher went to the United States.
＜問題＞
Ⅰ インドネシア語にする。
1.She has already gone to school. =Dia sudah pergi ke sekolah.
2.My uncle is writing a letter now. =Paman saya menulis surat sekarang.
3.There are no cases that he still went to Hokkaido. =Tidak ada kasus bahwa dia masih pergi ke Hokkaido.
4.The riches will go to Europe on the day after tomorrow. =Kekayaan akan menuju ke Eropa pada lusa.
5.My elder brother is still young. =Saudara laki-laki tua saya masih muda.
6I didn't go to a company yesterday. =Saya tidak pergi ke perusahaan kemarin.
7.My father is watching television in the room. =Bapak saya masih menonton televisi di kamar.
8.My child has not studied English yet. =Anak saya belum belajar bahasa Inggris masih.
9.There is a case that my mother lived in Jakarta. =Ibu saya pernah tinggal di Jakarta.
10.That person still sits down on the chair. =Orang itu masih duduk di kursi.
Ⅱインドネシア語を訳す。
Teman saya.
Nitra,teman saya, sudah pernah pergi ke Inggris, tetapi adiknya belum pernah ke sana.
Adik Nina masih kecil. tetapi bisa memasak.
Kemarini Nitra dan adiknya pergi ke toko Sarinah dan membeli pakaian merah.
Mereka mau menonton film, tetapi banyak orang di depan bioskop.
Akhirnya Nitra dan adikbya makan mie baso di restoran Mie Gajah Mada, dan pulang ke rumah tanpa menonton film.
英訳例
My friend.
My friend's Nitra has been to Britain. but her younger sister has not been there yet.
The child of Nitra is still small,but she can cook.
Yesterday, Nitra and her child went to Sarinah shop and they bought red clothes.
They want to see a movie, but there was many persons in front of theater.
Nitra and her daughter ate Meat Chinese noodles at Mie-Gajah-Mada restaurant, and returned to home
without seeing a movie.