海外記事（雑記帳の7）
米国の拳銃規制を抜けて銃器の売買。（タイムス記事）
How They Got Their Guns
How They Got Their Guns
By LARRY BUCHANAN, JOSH KELLER, RICHARD A. OPPEL JR. and DANIEL VICTOR UPDATED NOV. 7, 2017
最近の18回の大量銃撃で使用された銃の大部分は、法的に、また連邦政府のバックグラウンドチェックで購入された。 少なくとも9人の武装犯が、犯罪歴を持つか、兵器を入手することを妨げない精神衛生上の問題を記録していた
A vast majority of guns used in 18 recent mass shootings were bought legally and with a federal background check. At least nine gunmen had criminal histories or documented mental health problems that did not prevent them from obtaining their weapons. Related Article
Nov. 5, 2017
A gunman identified as Devin Patrick Kelley, 26, opened fire at a Sunday service in a rural Texas church, killing at least 26 people. The authorities said Mr. Kelley used an Ruger AR-15 variant — a knockoff of the standard service rifle carried by the American military.
A gunman identified as Devin Patrick Kelley, 26, opened fire at a Sunday service in a rural Texas church, killing at least 26 people. The authorities said Mr. Kelley used an Ruger AR-15 variant — a knockoff of the standard service rifle carried by the American military.
26人のデヴィン・パトリック・ケリー氏（26）は、テキサス州の農村部の教会で日曜礼拝で火事を掛け、少なくとも26人を殺害した。 当局は、ケリー氏は米軍が運ぶ標準的なサービスライフルのノックオフであるルガーAR-15を使用したと語った。
- 2012
- Mr. Kelley, who was in the Air Force, was convicted of assaulting his wife and breaking his infant stepson’s skull. An airman first class, he was sentenced to 12 months’ confinement and a reduction to the lowest possible rank, E-1.
- 空軍にいたケリー氏は、妻を暴行し、幼児の義理の頭蓋骨を壊したとして有罪判決を受けた。 エアーマンファーストクラスでは、彼は12ヶ月の拘束と最低可能ランクE-1への刑を宣告された。
- 2014
- Mr. Kelley received a “bad conduct” discharge from the Air Force.
- 2016 - 2017
- Mr. Kelley purchased two firearms — one in 2016 and one in 2017 — from two Academy Sports & Outdoors stores in San Antonio. He passed a federal background check in both cases, according to a statement released by the store.
- Nov. 5
- Twenty-six people were killed and at least 20 more were wounded at the church shooting in Sutherland Springs. Mr. Kelley was later found dead in his vehicle. The police recovered two additional handguns from the car.
- Nov. 6
- The Air Force admitted that it had failed to enter Mr. Kelley’s domestic violence conviction into federal databases, which could have blocked him from buying the rifle he used in the massacre.
Oct. 1, 2017
Fifty-eight people were killed and more than 500 were wounded when Stephen Paddock, from a perch high in a hotel, opened fire onto a crowd of concertgoers at an outdoor music festival in Las Vegas. Authorities recovered an arsenal of weapons — at least 23 from his hotel room — including AR-15-style rifles.
Fifty-eight people were killed and more than 500 were wounded when Stephen Paddock, from a perch high in a hotel, opened fire onto a crowd of concertgoers at an outdoor music festival in Las Vegas. Authorities recovered an arsenal of weapons — at least 23 from his hotel room — including AR-15-style rifles.
ラスベガスのアウトドアミュージックフェスティバルで、ホテルの高台のスティーブン・パドックがコンサートの参加者の群衆に火をつけたとき、58人が死亡し、500人以上が負傷した。 当局はAR-15スタイルのライフルを含む少なくとも23ヵ所の武器を彼のホテルの部屋から回収した。
パドック氏は1982年に銃器を購入し始めたと、アルコール、タバコ、銃器、爆薬局の担当者であるジル・スナイダーは語った。
去年のうちに
パドック氏は、2016年10月から2017年9月まで33本の銃器を合法的に購入した。 それらの銃のほとんどはライフル銃であった。 このような購入は、
- Since 1982
- Mr. Paddock started buying firearms in 1982, said Jill Snyder, a special agent in charge at the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
June 12, 2016
Forty-nine people were killed and 53 wounded when Omar Mateen opened fire at a crowded gay nightclub in Orlando, Fla. He used two guns: a Sig Sauer AR-15-style assault rifle and a Glock handgun.
Forty-nine people were killed and 53 wounded when Omar Mateen opened fire at a crowded gay nightclub in Orlando, Fla. He used two guns: a Sig Sauer AR-15-style assault rifle and a Glock handgun.
オマール・マテーネが、フロリダ州オーランドの混雑した同性愛者のナイトクラブで火事を開いたとき、49人が死亡し、53人が負傷した。彼は2つの銃、Sig Sauer AR-15型アサルトライフルとGlock拳銃を使用した。
- Within the last year
- Mr. Paddock legally purchased 33 firearms from Oct. 2016 to Sept. 2017, Ms. Snyder said. Most of those guns were rifles. Such purchases do not prompt reports to the bureau because
- パドック氏は1982年に銃器を購入し始めたと、アルコール、タバコ、銃器、爆薬局の担当者であるジル・スナイダーは語った。
- 去年のうちに
- パドック氏は、2016年10月から2017年9月まで33本の銃器を合法的に購入した。 それらの銃のほとんどはライフル銃であった。このような購入は、 there is no federal law requiring a seller to alert the bureau when a person buys multiple rifles.
- Oct. 1
- Fifty-eight people were killed when Mr. Paddock fired onto the crowd of more than 22,000 from his hotel room at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas. He used at least one semiautomatic rifle modified to fire like an automatic weapon by attaching a “bump stock,” not shown above.
- After the shooting
- Authorities retrieved 47 guns from the hotel room and Mr. Paddock’s homes in Mesquite and Verdi, Nev. The bureau found Mr. Paddock purchased most of the guns in Nevada, Utah, California and Texas. Twelve of the rifles recovered from the hotel were each outfitted with a bump stock.
- 2013
- The F.B.I. learned that Mr. Mateen had made comments to co-workers alleging possible terrorist ties, an official said. The next year, the F.B.I. investigated him again for possible ties to an American who went to Syria to fight for an extremist group, but authorities concluded that he “did not constitute a substantive threat at that time.”
- A few days before the shooting
- Mr. Mateen legally bought two guns, a federal official said. “He is not a prohibited person, so he can legally walk into a gun dealership and acquire and purchase firearms,” said Trevor Velinor,
Dec. 2, 2015
Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, husband and wife, killed 14 people at a holiday office party in San Bernardino, Calif. Four guns were recovered: a Smith & Wesson M&P assault rifle, a DPMS Panther Arms assault rifle, a Smith & Wesson handgun and a Llama handgun.
Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, husband and wife, killed 14 people at a holiday office party in San Bernardino, Calif. Four guns were recovered: a Smith & Wesson M&P assault rifle, a DPMS Panther Arms assault rifle, a Smith & Wesson handgun and a Llama handgun.
- June 12, 2016
- Forty-nine people were killed and 53 more were wounded in the crowded nightclub. Mr. Mateen was killed inside the club by the police.
- 808/5000
- F.B.I. マテーニ氏はテロリストの可能性を主張している同僚にコメントをしていたことを知りました。 翌年、F.B.I. 過激派のグループのために戦うためにシリアに行ったアメリカ人との可能性のあるつながりのために彼を再度調査したが、当局は彼が「当時の実質的な脅威にはならなかった」と結論付けた。
- 撮影の数日前
- マテイン氏は2本の銃を合法的に購入したという。 アルコール、タバコ、銃器、爆薬局の代理人、トレバー・ヴェリーノー氏は、「彼は禁止された人ではないので、法的に銃の販売店に入り、銃器を購入し購入することができる」と語った。
- 2016年6月12日
- 混雑したナイトクラブで49人が死亡し、53人が負傷した。 マテイン氏は警察によってクラブ内で殺害された。
- an agent at the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
- Before the shooting
- “We believe that both subjects were radicalized and for quite some time,” said David Bowdich, the F.B.I. assistant director. The attackers are not known to have had previous contact with law enforcement.
- Between 2007 and 2012
- Mr. Farook bought the two handguns legally in California, federal officials said. The guns were purchased at Annie’s Get Your Gun, a gun store in Corona, Calif., The Los Angeles Times reported.
- Dec. 2, 2015
- The couple killed 14 people at a holiday party. Moments before the attack began, Ms. Malik posted an oath of allegiance to the Islamic State on Facebook.
- Between 2007 and 2012
- Enrique Marquez, a former neighbor of Mr. Farook’s family, bought the two assault rifles in California, officials said. Mr. Marquez was later charged with lying about the rifle purchases and supplying the assault weapons to the attackers.
Oct. 1, 2015
Christopher Harper-Mercer, 26, killed nine people at Umpqua Community College in Oregon, where he was a student. He was armed with six guns, including a Glock pistol, a Smith & Wesson pistol, a Taurus pistol and a Del-Ton assault rifle, according to The Associated Press.
Christopher Harper-Mercer, 26, killed nine people at Umpqua Community College in Oregon, where he was a student. He was armed with six guns, including a Glock pistol, a Smith & Wesson pistol, a Taurus pistol and a Del-Ton assault rifle, according to The Associated Press.
Aug. 26, 2015
Vester Lee Flanagan II, 41, shot and killed a Roanoke, Va., television reporter and a cameraman with a Glock handgun while they were reporting a story live.
Vester Lee Flanagan II, 41, shot and killed a Roanoke, Va., television reporter and a cameraman with a Glock handgun while they were reporting a story live.
- 2008
- Mr. Harper-Mercer was in the Army for one month, but was discharged before completing basic training.
- 2009
- He graduated from the Switzer Learning Center in Torrance, Calif., which teaches students with learning disabilities and emotional issues.
- Before shooting
- In all, Mr. Harper-Mercer owned 14 firearms, all of which were bought legally through a federally licensed firearms dealer, a federal official said. Some were bought by Mr. Harper-Mercer, and some by members of his family.
- Oct. 1, 2015
- He killed nine people in Roseburg, Ore.
July 23, 2015
Using a .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol bought from a pawnshop, John R. Houser killed two people and wounded nine others at a movie theater in Lafayette, La.
Using a .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol bought from a pawnshop, John R. Houser killed two people and wounded nine others at a movie theater in Lafayette, La.
- 2000
- Mr. Flanagan filed a lawsuit against a TV station in Tallahassee, Fla., that had fired him, alleging he was the victim of racial slurs and bullying.
- 2012
- He was hired at WDBJ in Roanoke, but within months his bosses had documented problems with his harsh language and aggressive behavior. He was later fired and filed another harassment lawsuit.
- June 2015
- Federal officials said Mr. Flanagan bought the gun legally from a licensed dealer. He had not been convicted of a crime or determined to be mentally ill.
- Aug. 26, 2015
- Mr. Flanagan killed the reporter and cameraman, injured a woman who was being interviewed and died after shooting himself.
- 2006
- Mr. Houser was denied a state-issued concealed weapons permit because he was accused of domestic violence and soliciting arson.
- 2008
- A judge ordered him sent to a psychiatric hospital.
June 17, 2015
Dylann Roof, 21, killed nine people with a .45-caliber Glock pistol at a historic black church in Charleston, S.C.
Dylann Roof, 21, killed nine people with a .45-caliber Glock pistol at a historic black church in Charleston, S.C.
- 2014
- Mr. Houser bought the weapon in Alabama. Officials said it had been purchased legally, though he had been denied a concealed weapons permit earlier, and despite concerns among family members that he was violent and mentally ill.
- July 23, 2015
- He killed two people in Lafayette.
- February 2015
- Mr. Roof was charged with a misdemeanor for possessing Suboxone, a prescription drug frequently sold in illegal street transactions.
- April 2015
- He purchased a gun from a store in West Columbia, S.C. Mr. Roof should have been barred from buying a gun because he had admitted to possessing drugs, but the F.B.I. examiner conducting the required background check failed to obtain the police report from the February incident.
Oct. 24, 2014
Jaylen Ray Fryberg, 15, used his father’s Beretta pistol to shoot and kill four students in his high school’s cafeteria in Marysville, Wash.
Jaylen Ray Fryberg, 15, used his father’s Beretta pistol to shoot and kill four students in his high school’s cafeteria in Marysville, Wash.
- June 17, 2015
- Mr. Roof joined a Bible study group at Emanuel A.M.E. Church and opened fire with the gun he bought in April.
- 2002
- Raymond Lee Fryberg Jr., Jaylen’s father, was the subject of a permanent domestic violence protection order, which should have been entered into the federal criminal background database.
April 2, 2014
Specialist Ivan Antonio Lopez opened fire at Fort Hood with a Smith & Wesson semiautomatic pistol, killing three people and wounding 16 others.
Specialist Ivan Antonio Lopez opened fire at Fort Hood with a Smith & Wesson semiautomatic pistol, killing three people and wounding 16 others.
- 2013
- Mr. Fryberg applied to buy the Beretta from a gun shop on the Indian reservation where he lived with Jaylen. A background check failed to come up with the protection order because it was never entered into the system.
- Oct. 24, 2014
- Jaylen Fryberg texted five of his fellow students to come to the cafeteria, where he opened fire.
- 2011
- Specialist Lopez came back from a four-month deployment to Iraq and told his superiors that he had suffered a traumatic head injury there. Military officials said he had never seen combat and was being evaluated for possible post-traumatic stress disorder.
- March 2014
- Specialist Lopez had seen a military psychiatrist as recently as the month before the shooting. He was being treated for depression and anxiety, and had been prescribed Ambien to help him sleep.
- March 1, 2014
- Mr. Lopez legally bought his gun at the same shop where Nidal Malik Hasan, an Army major, had bought at least one of the weapons used in a 2009 mass shooting on the base that killed 13 people.
- April 2, 2014
- Around 4 p.m., Mr. Lopez started firing on soldiers.
Sept. 16, 2013
Aaron Alexis, 34, used a Remington shotgun to kill 12 people at the Washington Navy Yard.
Aaron Alexis, 34, used a Remington shotgun to kill 12 people at the Washington Navy Yard.
- 2011
- Mr. Alexis was given an honorable discharge after showing what Navy officials called a “pattern of misbehavior” during four years as a reservist.
Dec. 14, 2012
Adam Lanza, 20, shot and killed his mother in their home, then killed 26 people, mostly children, at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., using a Bushmaster XM-15 rifle and a .22-caliber Savage Mark II rifle.
Adam Lanza, 20, shot and killed his mother in their home, then killed 26 people, mostly children, at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., using a Bushmaster XM-15 rifle and a .22-caliber Savage Mark II rifle.
- A month before the shooting
- He twice sought treatment from the Department of Veterans Affairs for psychiatric issues. He told police in Rhode Island that people were pursuing him and sending vibrations through the walls of his hotel.
- Sept. 2013
- He was stopped from buying an assault rifle at a Virginia gun store, but was allowed to buy a shotgun. He passed local and state background checks.
- Sept. 16, 2013
- He killed 12 people at the Navy Yard.
Aug. 5, 2012
Wade M. Page, 40, killed six people with a Springfield Armory semiautomatic handgun when he opened fire in the lobby of a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wis., as congregants arrived for Sunday services.
Wade M. Page, 40, killed six people with a Springfield Armory semiautomatic handgun when he opened fire in the lobby of a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wis., as congregants arrived for Sunday services.
- 2009
- Mr. Lanza graduated from high school. Some classmates said he had been bullied in high school. He struggled with a developmental disorder and was described as acutely shy, not known to have close friends.
- After high school
- He was “completely untreated in the years before the shooting” for psychiatric and physical ailments like anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder, a state report found.
- Before the shooting
- His mother, Nancy Lanza, a gun enthusiast, legally obtained and registered a large collection of weapons and would often take her sons to shooting ranges.
- Dec. 14, 2012
- Mr. Lanza used his mother’s guns to kill her and 26 others.
- 1994
- While in the Army at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Tex., Mr. Page was charged with criminal mischief after kicking holes in the wall of a bar. He pleaded guilty.
- July 2012
- He bought the firearm legally at a gun shop outside Milwaukee. He passed a background check and paid $650 in cash.
- Aug. 5, 2012
- He killed six people and wounded three others at the temple.
- Early 2000s
- He came to the attention of authorities because of his affiliation with a white-power band called End Apathy, which performed songs with violent lyrics.
July 20, 2012
James E. Holmes, 24, killed 12 people and wounded 70 at a theater in Aurora, Colo., using a Smith & Wesson semiautomatic rifle, a Remington shotgun and a Glock .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol.
James E. Holmes, 24, killed 12 people and wounded 70 at a theater in Aurora, Colo., using a Smith & Wesson semiautomatic rifle, a Remington shotgun and a Glock .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol.
- March 2012
- Over four months, Mr. Holmes legally bought more than 3,000 rounds of ammunition for handguns, 3,000 rounds for a semiautomatic rifle and 350 shells for a 12-gauge shotgun, all over the Internet.
- May 2012
- He was seeing a psychiatrist and in the process of withdrawing from a graduate program at the University of Colorado Denver’s Anschutz Medical Campus.
April 2, 2012
One L. Goh, 43, opened fire with a semiautomatic handgun at a small religious college in Oakland, Calif., where he had been a student. He killed seven people.
One L. Goh, 43, opened fire with a semiautomatic handgun at a small religious college in Oakland, Calif., where he had been a student. He killed seven people.
- May 2012
- In the 60 days before the shooting, he bought four guns legally at local gun shops. Seeing a psychiatrist, even for a serious mental illness, would not disqualify him from buying a gun.
- July 20, 2012
- He opened fire in the theater, killing 12 people.
Jan. 8, 2011
Jared L. Loughner, 22, killed six people with a Glock handgun in a supermarket parking lot in Tucson, Ariz., at an event for Gabrielle Giffords, who was a Democratic representative from Arizona.
Jared L. Loughner, 22, killed six people with a Glock handgun in a supermarket parking lot in Tucson, Ariz., at an event for Gabrielle Giffords, who was a Democratic representative from Arizona.
- Before shooting
- “He was a loner and what some might call a loser, but he didn't exhibit any behaviors that would have alerted anyone,” a district attorney told reporters after the shooting, according to CNN.
- Early 2012
- Mr. Goh legally bought the handgun at a gun store in Castro Valley, Calif., passing a federal background check.
- April 2, 2012
- He killed seven people at Oikos University in Oakland.
- Jan. 2013
- A judge ruled he was not fit for trial after two psychiatric evaluations concluded that he had paranoid schizophrenia.
- 2007
- Mr. Loughner was arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia, but the charges were dropped. The next year, he failed a drug test when trying to enlist in the Army. Neither incident barred him from buying a gun.
- Oct. 2010
- He was forced to withdraw from community college because of campus officials’ fears about the safety of the staff and students, his parents later said. The incident would not have shown up on a background check.
Nov. 5, 2009
Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, 39, an Army psychiatrist facing deployment to Afghanistan, opened fire inside a medical processing building at Fort Hood in central Texas, killing 13 people and wounding 43 others. He was armed with an FN Herstal pistol.
Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, 39, an Army psychiatrist facing deployment to Afghanistan, opened fire inside a medical processing building at Fort Hood in central Texas, killing 13 people and wounding 43 others. He was armed with an FN Herstal pistol.
- Nov. 30, 2010
- He passed a background check and bought the handgun at a store in Tucson, Ariz.
- Jan. 8, 2011
- He killed six people in Tucson.
- Dec. 2008-June 2009
- Intelligence agencies intercepted 10 to 20 messages between Mr. Hasan and Anwar al-Awlaki, a radical cleric in Yemen known for his incendiary anti-American teachings.
- June 2009
- Federal authorities dropped an inquiry about the messages after deciding that they did not suggest any threat of violence.
April 3, 2009
Jiverly Wong, 41, fired at least 98 shots from two handguns, a Beretta 92 FS 9-millimeter pistol and a Beretta PX4 Storm pistol, inside a civic association in Binghamton, N.Y., where he had taken an English class. He killed 13 former classmates and association employees.
Jiverly Wong, 41, fired at least 98 shots from two handguns, a Beretta 92 FS 9-millimeter pistol and a Beretta PX4 Storm pistol, inside a civic association in Binghamton, N.Y., where he had taken an English class. He killed 13 former classmates and association employees.
- July 31, 2009
- Mr. Hasan bought the pistol legally at a popular weapons store in Killeen, Tex., paying more than $1,100.
- Nov. 5, 2009
- He shot and killed 13 people at Ford Hood.
- Before the shooting
- Mr. Wong had been arrested, cited or had some minor contact with the police at least five times since 1990, but details about the cases remain unclear. At the time of the shootings, he was not a subject in any investigation, nor did he have a documented mental health issue.
- March 2008
- Mr. Wong bought the first gun, the Beretta 92, at a store in Johnson City, N.Y. He passed a background check.
Note: Information on the precise version or year of manufacture of each gun was not always available, so a version of the model or a similar one is shown. The handguns used by Christopher Harper-Mercer are omitted because the models have not been released. The guns shown for Adam Lanza do not include the gun he used to shoot himself.
Source: Government and law enforcement officials
Additional work by Wilson Andrews, Sarah Almukhtar, Alicia DeSantis, Guilbert Gates, Josh Katz, Julie Shaver and Karen Yourish.
- March 2009
- Mr. Wong bought the second gun from the same store, but his background check was not approved immediately. He received the gun under a federal rule that allows a gun to be sold if the background check system does not return a decision in three business days.
- April 3, 2009
- He killed 13 people in Binghamton.