西洋の探検家・船舶の鬱陵島”発見”、現竹島”発見”

1797年10月3日清津近海にイルルミョンソブト10月13日釜山（プサン）沿海に到着するまで朝鮮東海岸の海岸線を上（胃）・傾倒測定と共にスケッチした。 また、10月14日から21日まで釜山港に停泊して飲料水（植樹）と・木を救って休息を取る中に釜山（プサン）港海図を作成して現地住民たちから韓国語語彙を採集した。

1817. H.M.S Alcesteによる朝鮮沿岸航海 http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/A/00161.html

Narrative of a voyage in His Majesty's late ship Alceste, to the Yellow Sea, along the coast of Corea, and through its numerous hitherto undiscovered islands, to the island of Lewchew : with an account of her shipwreck in the straits of Gaspar

http://www.archive.org/details/narrativeofvoyag00mleoiala

1818. Basil Hall'sによる西朝鮮沿岸航海

Basil Hall's A Voyage of Discovery to the Western Coast of Corea and the Great Loo-Choo Island in the Japan Sea,

1818.John M'LeodのH.M.S Alcesteによる朝鮮沿岸航海

John M'Leod (a surgeon, on the Alceste)'s Voyage of His Majesty's Ship Alceste, along the Coast of Corea, to the Island of Lewchew; with an Account of Her Subsequent Shipwreck, 1818,

http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/bunko08/bunko08_b0247/

1834. Kurl Gutzlaff Sea of Japan, Strait of Korea (attached map) Journal of Three Voyages Along the Coast of China in 1831, 1832 and 1833: With Notices of Siam, Corea and the Loo Choo Islands (Desert Island Travel) http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/digital/3voyage.html

これにより鬱陵島松島と、その付属諸島のBoussole Rock,Seal Pointが記載される.この調査が後にChina pilot Fourth Editionから記載されるようになる。（Third editionには間に合わなかった模様）"The Actaeon have to for a few hours off Dagelet Island, which emerges in solitary grandeur from the floor(2.000 feet deep) of the Japanse Sea, and rises to 4,000 feet above it. It lies 100 miles distant from the mainland of Korea, is clothed with forest from the verge of perpendicular cliffs of 500 feet, and is 20 miles in circumference. On every side were herds of seals, filling the air with sorrowful sounding cries, perhaps from terror at our appearing. We could make no headway through the dense undergrowth. La Perouse discovered this island in 1786, but there is no record of his landing. A few half-starved Korean fisherman were collecting sea-slugs, etc., for Chinese epicureans, but had only a ramshackleold junk in which to make the passage across a stormy sea in almost perpetual fog. A weild and lonely spot is Dagelet Island.(quote from secondary source ; On the coast of Cathay and Gipango forty years ago, A record of surveying service in the China Yellow and Japan Seas and the seabord of Korea and Manchuria,

Blakeney, William, R.N 1902.)

また、ActaeonはArgonaut島を調査しにいっているが、同様に発見できなかったと報告（一次資料捜索要）

H.M.S. Actaeon in June 1859 passed over the position given to Argonaut as nearly as, from the want of observations, it was possible to judge; the weather was rather thick, but a radius of 5 miles, at least, could be commanded, and nothing was seen (China Pilot Fourth Edition.1864）

1860.Renseignements hydrographiques sur les îles Bashée, les îles Formose et Lou-Tchou, la Corée, la Mer du Japon, les îles du Japon (Ports d'Hakodaki, Ne-e-Gate, ... Yedo) et la Mer d'Okhotsk (French Edition) (Paperback) By Alexandre Le Gras （一次資料確認必要）

・127)84)Tako-shima Argonaut

・(P123)Matsushima or Dagelet

・（P123)Liancourt or Hornet

・Waywoda rock

が記載

1861.China Pilot Third Edidtion King, John W Printed for the Hydrographic Office P379) 英国

Argonaut島は存在しない、又は存在に疑いがあるという扱いとして点線で記載される。

Dagelet-Matsushima（鬱陵島）とLiancourt Rocks（現竹島）,Waywoda, Argonautなど日本海上にある危険な岩礁・島嶼の扱いの項に記載される。

http://www.archive.org/details/chinapilotcoasto00kingiala

・MATSU SHIMA (Dagelet island of the French and Dajette of the Russian charts) is by the Russian frigate Pallas in lat. 37"22'.N. long.130"56'E.* It is of circular form, about 20 miles in circumference, and its peak, rising from the centre of the island, is 2.100* feet above the sea level. Its shores are cliffy and almost naccessible.

*M.Roqnemaurel places it in lat.37"30'N.,long. 130"53'E, and gives its height as 4.000 feet.M.

・LIANCOURT ROCKS are named after the French ship Liancourt, which discovered them in 1849; they were also named Menalai and Olivutsa rocks by the Russian frigate Pallas in 1854, and Hornet islands by H.M.S. Hornet in 1855. Captain Forsyth, of the latter vessel, gives their position as lat. 37°14′N., long. 131°55′E., and describes them as being two barren rocky islets, about a mile in extent N.W. by W. and S.E. by E., and a quarter of a mile apart, and apparently joined together by a reef. The western islet, elevated about 410 feet above the sea, has a sugar-loaf form; the easternmost is much lower and flat-topped. The water appeared deep close-to, but they are dangerous from their position, being directly in the track of vessels steering up the Sea of Japan for Hakodadi.

・TAKO SHIMA or Argonaut island, marked doubtful on the charts, does not exist in the position assigned to it, in 37"52'N., and 129"53'.E. In the year 1852, the French corvette Capricieuse twice crossed this Pposition withuot perceiving any land.

・WAYWODA ROCK so named after a Russian Corvette, which on her way from Hakodadi to D'Anville gulf is said 十 to have discovered a rock which apeared to be 12 feet high and 70 feet broad. This danger lies approximately in lat. 42"14.5N.,long. 137"17'E

十 Renseignements Hydrographiques sur la Mer du Japon, &c、2nd edition

が記載

1863.Admiraly chart 2347Japan英国海図 JAPAN NIPON,KIUSIU & SIKOK KOREA 「Japan is compiled from a Japanese Government Map http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/zn/1863/1863.html

（Japan is compiled from a japanese goverment map, adapted to Positions determinded by Mr Richards, 1855,and commander Ward 1861..

East Coast of Korea to Chosan H from the Russian survery of 1857.

Lt W of Tsu-sima forming W shore of Korean Strait from Commander Ward

and Lient Bullock....Quelpart & I" to the N.E from Sir E. Bdder, 1845

Lukunde off west coast of Korea from French charts of 1848 & 1859.）

*この図は、日本から英国に引き渡された伊能図があまりに正確だったために英国が海図2347の改定に使用し、測量の手間を省いた。http://swdcwww.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/news/0803.html

Argonaut島は存在しない、又は存在に疑いがあるという扱いとして点線で記載される。

Dagelet-Matsushima（鬱陵島）とLiancourt Rocks（現竹島）が記載

1863.フランス海軍海図 Chart ＃1467 Mer du Japon France Navy （一次資料確認必要）

1863.The Chinese commercial guide : containing treaties, tariffs, regulations, tables, etc useful in the trade to China & Eastern Asia : with an appendix of sailing directions for those seas and coasts (1863) Williams, S. Wells (Samuel Wells), 1812-1884

Table of positions on the coast of china ,korea, and tartary, and off-lying islands; and in the sea of Japan, gulf of Tartary, and sea of Okohtsk, Sea of Japan and Gulf of Tartary.

http://www.archive.org/stream/chinesecommerci00willgoog#page/n649/mode/1up/search/japan+sea

In the secton they have data about Liancourt Rocks(Takeshima Japan today), and Matusima(Ullengdo,Dagelet today)

←China Sea Directory Third Edition Volume 4添付圖 P82JAPAN Sea, bounded on the east and south by the Japan islands, and on the west and north-west by the coasts of Korea and the Russian Maritime Province is about 900 miles long, NNE and SSW, and 600 miles East and West, at its broadest part. Surrounded by land on all sides, this sea is only accessible by the following narrow passages:- To the south by the Korea strait, which connects it with the China sea; to the east by La Perouse and Tsugar straits, by which it communicates with the Pacific; and to the north by the gulf of Tartary, through which it communicates with the sea of Okhotsk by the gulf of Amur; this sea is, as far as is known, clear of rocks or dangers with the following exceptions:（The waywoda rock, above water,was originally reported by Russian corvette Veovoda, in 1859, as situated in Lat 42"16'.N.,Long.137"18'E; and in 1888 two small rocks reported by American whaler coral, about 15 miles north-west of the position. The Waywoda rock was serched for unsuccessfully by French vessels of war prior to 1886. In that year and in 1889 squardorn of Her Majesty's ships surround over a large area, embracing both the above positoins, but no rcoks were seen. The Waywoda rock was consequently expunged from the charts.)

LIANCOURT ROCKS are named after the French ship Liancourt, which discovered them in 1849; they were also called Menalai and Olivutsa rocks by the Russian frigate Pallas in 1854, and Hornet islands by H. M. S. Hornet in 1855. Captain Forsyth, of the latter vessel, gives their position as lat. 37°14′N. long. 131°55′E., and describes them as being two barren rocky islets, covered with guano, which makes them appear white; they are about a mile in extent N. W. by W. and S. E. by E., a quarter of a mile apart, and apparently joined together by a reef. The western islet, elevated about 410 feet above the sea, has a sugar-loaf form; the easternmost is much lower and flat-topped. The water appeared deep close-to, but these rocks are dangerous from their position, being near the track of vessels steering up the sea of Japan for Hakodate.

Matsu Sima(Dagelet island). is a collection of sharp conical hills, well clothed with wood, crowned by an imposing peak, 4000 feet high, in the centre, in lat.37'30'N., long. 130"53'E. The island is 18 miles in circumference, and semicircular in shape.

A rock, with a depth of only 2 to 3 feet on it,lies on the north-east side of Matsu sima, with Boussole rock S.S.W 1･4W.about 2+3/4miles. (Reported by the German steamer Wirmar, 1888. See chart #2347.)

There are several detached rocks along the shore of Matu siima, principally, however, on the north and east sides, some reaching an elevation of 400 to 500 feet. With the exception of the rock already mentioned, they are all, like the island, steep-to, and the lead affords no warning, but none of them are more than a quarter of a mile from the cliffs, except the Boussole rock, the largest , which is 7 cables from the east shore of the island. Hole rock on the north shore is remarkable, from having a large hole, or rather a natural arch way through it, while nealy abreast in on the shore is a smooth but very steep sugar-loaf hill, apparently of bare granite, about 800 feet high. A small rock lies off Seal point, the southern extreme of the island.

The sides of the island are so steep, that soundings could only be obtained by the Actaeon's boats, almost at the base of the cliffs, while at 4 miles to the southward, no bottom could be found at 400 fathoms; and 2+1/4 miles north none at 366 fathoms. Landing may be effected in fine weather, with difficulty, no some small shingly beaches which occur at intervals, but the greater part of the island is inaccesible.

During the spring and summer months some Koreans reside the island, and build junks, which they take across to the mainland; they also collect and dry large quantities of shell fish. Except a few iron clamps, their boats are all wood-fastened, and they do not appear to appreciate the value of seasoned timber, as they invariably use quite green wood.

The East Coast of Corea ・・・以下省略

Argonautの記載なし（確認済み）

1894. 朝鮮水路誌. 日本海軍水路部. 東京.

*韓国側は、朝鮮水路誌に現竹島が載っているので、竹島韓国領土を主張するが、この項は、日本海に有る航海上注意すべき島/岩を上げているもので、前述の1894.China Sea Directory," Third Edition Vol. 4 (1894) Goalen, W. N.の翻訳である。また、ワイオダ岩の記載もある。即ち朝鮮の領土を示すものではない。 また、竹島Argonaut島の記載は無い。

日本海 日本海は北北東至南南西の長 凡 900里東西の幅最もXの処600里日本各島を以て東及南の海界となし朝鮮及黒龍沿岸州の海岸を以て西 及北西の海界となす故に四面皆陸を以てXXセヲル而して南に朝鮮水道あり以て支那に通し東に宗谷及津軽の二海峡あり以て太平洋に通し北に韃靼海湾あり以て 黒龍江Xniナコフクに通す○左ニ記載スルモノヲ除ク外日本海内絶エテ暗岩危礁ナシ

リアンコールト列岩 此列岩は洋紀1849年佛国船「リアンコールト」号初て之を発見し船名を取りリアンコールト列岩と名つく。其後1854年露国「フレガット」形艦「パラ ス」号は此列岩をメナライ及ヲリヴツァ列岩と称し、1855年英艦「ホルネット」号は此列岩を探検してホルネット列島と名つけり。該艦長フォルシィスの言 に據れば此列岩は北緯37度14分、東経131度55分の處に位する二坐の不毛岩嶼にして鳥糞常に嶼上に堆積し、嶼色鳥めに白し而して北西彳西至南東彳東 の長さ凡一里に嶼の間距離1/4里にして見たるところ一礁脈ありて之を連結す。西嶼は海面上高さ凡四一〇呎にして形糖塔の如し。東嶼は較低くして平頂な り。此列岩附近水頗る深きか如しと雖も、其位置は實に函館に向て日本海を航行する船舶の直水道に當れるを以て頗る棄権なりとす。

鬱陵島（一名松島）海軍海図第五四号第九五号を見よ

隠岐島を距る北西3/4西凡一四〇里朝鮮江原道海岸を距る凡八十里の海中に孤立す全島嵯峨たる圓錐山の集合にして樹木鬱然繁茂す而して其中心北緯三〇分東 経一三〇度五三分に、高さ四〇〇〇呎の一峯あり。巍然天に聳ゆ。此島周廻十八里にして形幾と半圓を成す。鬱陵島の北東側に於て竹嶼を、南南東1/4里西凡 そニ3/4里に望むの處に一岩あり、岩上の水深僅にニ呎及至三呎（日聞蒸気船「ウィマル」号の報告に據る） 島岸殊に東北両岸に沿うて数個の峻岩分立し其中に四〇〇呎及至五〇〇呎の高さに達するものあり。何れも鬱陵島の如く走界にして錘測も恃みとするに足をす然 れも竹嶋（此嶼は島の東濱を距る七鏈の處にあり）を除くの外、皆本島の崖岸を距る1/4里以上に出る者なし。島の北濱に接して孔岩あり岩を貫きて一大孔あ るを以て其形甚奇なり此岩と相對せる陸岸に高さ大凡八〇〇呎の花崗岩山あり滑面禿兀峻険にして形糖塔の如し○島の南端シール角付近に一小岩あり。

鬱陵島の各●は走X界なり曾て英艦「アクテオン」号の端舟は島を距る南方四里の処を錘測し四〇〇尋の錘糸を投し又島の北方二+1/4の処を錘測し三六六尋の錘糸を沈めたれも何れも海底に達せすして唯唯険岸の直下に於て僅に水深を得たりと云ふ○島岸嶮阻にして攀登す可からす唯唯天気温和なる時は礫濱の処より辛ふして岸に登るを得可し

春夏両季には朝鮮人此島に渡来して朝鮮形船を造り以て之を本地に送り亦多量の介蟲を拾集乾晒す蓋し朝鮮人は船を製造するに鉄紐を用ゆるるなく皆木を以て之を結合し又乾材を用ゆるるを知らず必ず生木を用ゆと云ふ

ワイオダ岩

1895.

Korean repository vol2 " CHEMULPO AND THE HAN RIVER" by James F. Mitchell

http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2011/08/1895-korean-repository-vol-2-page-412.html

WOLUNG DO WOL-UNG-DO or Matsusima as it is called by the Japanese, is an island off the east coast of Korea, 37° 48' north latitude and 130° 17' east longitude.

It is about 190 miles from Fusan, 170 from Wonsan and 63 miles direct from the coast. I think this will be found more correct than the position given by the charts in common use, with the exception of those surveys made by the Japanese and Russians.

Explorers of those waters first named the island Dagelet. Some navigators gave it the position of another island and called it Argonaut and so named it on the charts. About 50 years ago, careful surveys were made by Russian, English and French navigators and it was then found that the island Argonaut had no existence, only Dagelet. There is no doubt the sailors who first located Argonaut, after leaving Dagelet got into a fog and after a day's sail, with perhaps contrary winds and currents, sighted Dagelet again and placed it on the chart as another island.

Wol-ung-do is a gem in the sea. Notwithstanding its distance from the mainland the right of the Korean government to the island, has never been questioned by the Japanese government. The length from east to west is about ten miles, from north to south about six and a half. Seen from the distance it looks like a dark towering rock, but on nearer approach it will be seen to be composed of a collection of conical hills, with a peak 3,000 feet high rising from the center and having the appearance of being supported by the smaller ones. The shore is steep and rugged; on all sides the water is very deep. A number of detached rocks, some having a height of 300 feet, are found near by.

On the south east is an islet, called "Wo-san, about 500 feet high, a quarter of a mile from the main island with a deep passage between the two. Unless examined closely, a landing seems impossible, but between Wo-san and the point projecting from the main land, there is a small beach and here close to the shore a vessel can find anchorage in from 16 to 25 fathoms, but even this harbor is available only in fine weather.

The inland is not inhabited, at least not permanently. In the spring Koreans visit it and remain until autumn and occupy their time building junks which are taken to the coast and sold. The island is not cultivated further than what is required to sustain the junk builders during their stay. There is good, fresh, cool water on the island.

W'ol-ung-do, whatever the Korean meaning may be. is an emerald gem of many shades. The whole island is rich in vegetation, wild flowers abound while among the trees are found the cedar, pine, teak, camphor and fir. The first three mentioned are not only numerous, but some of them are very large. Pine and teak from three to four feet in diameter can be found while the grain of the teak when sawed presents beautiful patterns. The camphor tree is not so plentiful, as most of the trees of this species have been pilfered. It is well worth the while of the owners of this beautiful spot to take good care of it and to guard its riches, for the island from its outer appearance is not alone a gem, but it is a real gem from the standpoint of the mineralogist, but where the door is open every one thinks he has a right to enter.

The rocks are of granite formation with veins of quartz and and gneiss. Gold, cinnabar, Dragon's blood or red sulphur of mereury are among the minerals found in the island. I believe others will yet be found, and it is for this, more than for its valuable trees that I call it a gem in the sea. Japanese junks at times visited the island, camphor and teak are cut in convenient lengths, loaded and taken to the Kobe and O-aka market. In

1884 a British subject, a friend of mine, obtained permission from the Korean government to cut timber on this island. The season was late and the emeute of December came on, so that he did not reach the island until the following March when he went there with fifty Japanese wood cutters. He spent four or five months felling trees, but was disturbed by a company of Japanese who likewise came armed with permission from the Korean government to cut timber. A dispute naturally arose, a lawsuit followed, which ended in wind, my friend left the island and the same party of Japanese made a second visit and took all the cut timber to Kobe. F H. Morsel

1896 朝鮮全岸 海軍水路部

http://www.tanaka-kunitaka.net/takeshima/koreacoast-1896/