Exploring the phenomenon of empathy
Jakob Håkansson
Doctoral dissertation
Department of Psychology, STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY
Notes: A Relatively easy to read overview of empathy.
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Definitions and theories of empathy 1
Historical views of empathy 1
Two influential contributions 3
Rogers’ contribution 3
Kohut’s contribution 6
Contemporary research on empathy 7
Hoffman’s research on empathy 9
Eisenberg’s research on empathy 10
Batson’s research on empathy 12
Davis’ research on empathy 15
Comments 17
Empathy and understanding 17
The process of understanding 17
The object of the understanding 18
Comments 19
Empathy and emotion 19
Target’s emotion 19
Empathizer’s emotion 20
Comments 20
Empathy and similarity of experience 21
Empathy related to similarity of experience in the literature 21
Empirical research on the role of similar experience 22
Comments 23
Empathy and concern for the other’s well-being 24
Comments 24
Empathy and moral principles 25
Comments 25
The “Simulation account” versus the “Theory account” of
empathy 26
Comments 27
Empathy and viewing the other as a subject versus an object 27
Comments 29
Aims of this thesis 29
2. SUMMARY OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDIES 30
Study I: Empathy as an Interpersonal Phenomenon 30
Background and aim 30
Method 31
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