Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology, 33, 307–316.
Defines empathy as ‘‘the intellectual or imaginative apprehension of another’s condition or state of mind (Hogan, 1969).’’
64-item scale composed of 31 items selected from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943), 25 items selected from the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1964) and 8 items created by Hogan and colleagues.
"The most frequently used self-report empathy scales are
Hogan Empathy Scale HES (Hogan, 1969),
Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), and its more recent version,
Balanced Empathy Emotional Scale (Mehrabian, 1996),
Interpersonal Reaction Index (Davis, 1980),
Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington (2006b). "