"In contrast to the relatively specific conceptualizations of Hoffman, Eisenberg, and Batson, the most inclusive approach to empathy in contemporary research is that of Mark H. Davis (e.g., Davis, 1983; Davis, Conklin, Smith, & Luce, 1996; Davis, Hull, Young, & Warren, 1987; Davis, Luce, & Kraus, 1994; for a review, see Davis, 1996).
Davis views empathy explicitly as a multidimensional phenomenon and has analyzed it in four separate but related self-report subscales - perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress (Davis, 1983) and has proposed (Davis, 1996) an organizational model of the empathy construct"