+ Feeling

Empathy deepens or expands your level of feeling.

"Virtually all definitions and theories of empathy involve emotion (e.g., Batson et al., 2002; Davis, 1996; Duan, 2000; Eisenberg, 2002; Gillett, 1993; Greenson, 1960; Hoffman, 1985, 1987; Holm, 2001; Ickes, 1993, 1997),

  • either on the side of the empathizer (e.g., Batson et al., 2002; Greenson, 1960; Hoffman, 1985, 1987),

  • the side of the target (e.g., Ickes; 1993, 1997),

  • or both (e.g., Duan, 2000; Eisenberg, 2002; Gillett, 1993; Greenson, 1960).

Some researchers see empathy as a state in which the empathizer actually feels some of the target’s feelings (Eisenberg, 2002; Gillett, 1993; Greenson, 1960). For instance,

  • Greenson (1960) viewed empathy as sharing and experiencing the feelings of another person, and

  • Gillett (1993) argued that the empathizer feels the force of the target’s emotions. Also,

  • Holm (1996) regarded as part of the empathic process the ability to read one’s own feelings as a means of getting information of the other’s feelings.

Others see empathy more as a process of knowing the other’s mind (e.g., Ickes, 1993, 1997)."

(HAKANSSON 2003)