"The absence of empathy can lead to destructive behaviors and adversely affect relationships. A lack of interpersonal empathy is associated with
- narcissism,
- bullying,
- violent crime,
- abusive parenting,
- spousal battering, and
- sexual offending
(Covell, Huss,& Langhinrichsen-Rohling, 2007;
Elsegood & Duff, 2010;
Gini, Albieri, Benelli, & Altoe, 2008;
Joliffe & Farrington, 2004;
Ritter et al., 2011)
In: Developing the Social Empathy Index: An Exploratory Factor Analysis (Segal+ 2012)"