Man in the Moon
☞ Public‐domain character. Folkloric. First literary appearance, De naturis rerum, 12th century (ca. 1190), unless ….
The Man in the Moon is, by many accounts, a man who lives on the moon or, by other accounts, more of a personification of the moon, and whose face or figure is visible from the earth. Though sources substantially disagree on his exact origin, most early ones indicate that he is a normal earthly human being who is eternally banished on the moon as a result of some unforgivable iniquity, typically thievery or working on Sunday, but sometimes said to be murder, while many later sources ignore this punishment and portray him instead as a living embodiment of the moon, even with regard to his physical attributes. He is usually portrayed as living alone in isolation, but a few sources portray him as instead being part of a lunar civilization. What few texts disclose his actual name are in disagreement, with one indicating that his name is Hubert (“huberꞇ”) and another that he is Mr. Maninmoon, while a small set of texts identify him as one biblical personage or another: Cain, Isaac, Jacob or the unnamed Israelite who is stoned to death in Numbers 15.
A few sources refer to him only as the Moon, blurring the distinction between the moon itself and the man therein, and in The Marriage of Jack and Jill, he has the name Mr. Maninmoon.
The appearance of the Man in the Moon varies greatly in the source material, depending in part on whether it is said to be his face or of his figure that is visible on earth. He is sometimes depicted merely as a full or crescent moon with a face but is also sometimes depicted as a normal man; in between those two extremes is a range of more‐or‐less humanoid interpretations with varying degrees of moonlike face. He is often depicted either carrying a drink, presumably claret, or carrying the thorn bush or bundle of sticks that originally led to his banishment, along with a lantern that is a source of moonlight. He is sometimes accompanied by his dog, which can also be seen from the earth.
He is assigned to four code points in the Unicode text standard: 🌚 (New moon with face); 🌛 (First quarter moon with face); 🌜 (Last quarter moon with face); 🌝 (Full moon with face).
Origin. The earliest texts are unanimous in saying that the Man in the Moon is an earthly human being who now lives on the moon because he has been banished as a result of some moral infraction and is visible from the earth to serve as an example to potential sinners, but these same texts disagree on his individual identity, the exact nature of his misdeed and the extent of his imposed isolation.
Some early texts are cautionary and stress the severity of the Man in the Moon’s punishment by emphasizing its long duration or his physical isolation. However, despite this, he is often depicted as quite easily observing and even communicating with people on earth. For example, in November 1904, Queen Lulea effortlessly interacts with him merely by gazing up at him and having a conversation as if he were only a short distance away (Queen Zixi of Ix). Similarly, in December 1904, the Man in the Moon, while still sitting on the moon, is close enough to the Man So Wise as to even place his hand on him while they talk (“Message to Mother Goose”).
According to one early text, the Man in the Moon lives in fear of falling to the earth (“Mon in þe Mone”); however by around 1784, when his fears are realized and he indeed tumbles from the moon to land on earth, he suffers no noteworthy ill effect. In fact, the only injury he is described as sustaining is his burning himself eating earthly food (Gammer Gurton’s Garland and others), and even that is attributed by some sources to someone else, “The man in the south” (Mother Goose’s Melodies and others). Thereafter, he is documented as visiting the earth on a number of occasions—quite frequently in fact from the latter half of the 19th century—and with relative ease, banishment notwithstanding. In 1872, for example, he has no problem visiting earth repeatedly for long intervals, so long as he returns nightly to provide the earth with moonlight (“Lumber Room”). In 1897, he visits the earth by sliding down a moonbeam (Mother Goose in Prose). He also makes an impromptu visit to the earth in May 1904 solely to help Piggy escape from prison (“Tito’s Home‐made Picture‐Book”), and as recorded in 1913, he is able to attend the wedding ceremony of Jack and Jill (Marriage of Jack and Jill).
In Egyptian mythology, the god Iah, whose name means ‘Moon’, is the deified moon, but the more prominent gods Thoth and Khonsu were lunarized and thus also became moon gods. Other Near Eastern moon gods include Kaskuh or Kusuh (Anatolian), Nanna or Sin (Mesopotamian) and Yarikh (Levantine), and the Turkic moon god is Ay Ata. The Indian moon god is Chandra. The Chinese also have Wu Gang, a man eternally punished on the moon, as well as the god Yue Lao, the Old Man Under the Moon, and the Japanese have a moon god named Tsukuyomi.
In some traditions, the beings that are visible on the moon are not the same as the moon god, but rather have been placed there by him. For example, …. In the Prose Edda, Máni takes the children Hiuki and Bil (the Norse Jack and Jill) to be eternally on the moon, and so it is they who are visible from earth rather than Máni himself. Máni is a male god in nearly every source, but in “Jack and Jill: A Scandinavian Myth,” is portrayed as a motherly female and is called “queen of the moon.” {Haida} … by the Moon …. There are a number of different tales in Maori mythology about Rona, who is sometimes portrayed as a lunar deity and sometimes as the human brought to the moon by such a deity (and is described as male in some sources and female in others). The Cook Islanders have a moon god named Marama.
Developments. Middle Ages.
16th and 17th centuries. In a source from 1660, the conjurer Exorciſta tells of knowing of a madman who believes that the Man in the Moon intends to set his thorn bush on fire in order to burn the earth (Bentivolio and Urania), but the Man in the Moon thankfully is not documented as having actually carried out this plan.
18th century. 19th century.
Public‐domain bibliography
“Rusticus in luna” (rhyme), De naturis rerum, by Alexander Neckam, ca. 1190. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, 1320, published 1472.
“Mon in þe Mone” (song), Harley ms. 2253, booklet 6, text 81, ca. 1340. (BL) (METS)
“A Song upon the Man in the Moon,” Ancient Songs, from the Time of King Henry the Third, to the Revolution, ed. Joseph Ritson, 1790. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Abridged with Modern English translation, in “On Personification,” pt. 2, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 48, no. 297, July 1840. (HathiTrust)
Specimens of Lyric Poetry, Composed in England in the Reign of Edward the First; Edited from Ms. Harl. 2253 in the British Museum, ed. by Thomas Wright, 1842. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
The Testament of Cresseid, by Robert Henryson, 15th century.
Gargantoa, by Johann Fischart, 1575.
A Midsummer Night’s Dream, by William Shakespeare, published 1600.
“The Man in the Moone,” Poemes Lyrick and Pastorall, by Michael Drayton, [1606]. (1891 facsimile, HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Works of the British Poets: With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, vol. 3, compiled by Robert Anderson, 1795. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
The Tempest, by William Shakespeare, 1611, published 1623.
“The Man in the Moon Drinks Claret” (song), Roud 20006, 1660s or earlier, possibly from a play by the same name, 1621.
“The Man in the Moon Drinks Claret …,” [1658–64], Bagford Ballads and Roxburghe Ballads. (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (Internet Archive)
Interpolated into “A New Mad Tom of Bedlam …,” words possibly by William Basse, music possibly by John Cooper, [1658–64?], Bagford and Roxburghe ballads, reprinted in Songs Compleat, Pleasant and Divertive …, vol. 3, words by Thomas d’Urfey, 1719. (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (EBBA) (Internet Archive) (Internet Archive)
The Nursery Rhymes of England, Collected Principally from Oral Tradition, collected by James Halliwell‐Phillipps, 1842. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
The Third Book: Or Vanaſembla, bk. 3 of Bentivolio and Urania, in Four Bookes, by Nathanael Ingelo, 1660. (Internet Archive)
Weltbeschreibung, by Johannes Praetorius, 1666.
“Mad Maudlin, to Find out Tom of Bedlam,” Songs Compleat, Pleasant and Divertive …, vol. 4, words by Thomas d’Urfey, 1719. (Internet Archive)
“To the Man in the Moon,” The Humouriſt: Being Eſſays upon Several Subjects …, by Thomas Gordon, 1720. (HathiTrust)
The Man in the Moon; or, Travels into the Lunar Regions, by the Man of the People, by William Thomson, 1783. (vol. 1, Google Books) (vol. 1, Internet Archive, leaves missing) (vol. 2, Internet Archive) (vol. 2, Google Books)
“The Man in the Moon” (nursery rhyme), Roud 19744, 1780s or earlier. (Opie, p.)
Gammer Gurton’s Garland: or, The Nursery Parnassus; A Choice Collection of Pretty Songs and Verses, for the Amusement of All Little Good Children Who Can Neither Read nor Run, part 2, collected by Joseph Ritson, [ca. 1784]. (1810, HathiTrust) (1810, Internet Archive)
Songs for the Nursery Collected from the Works of the Most Renowned Poets, [illustration by William Marshall Craig,] 1805. (1808, Internet Archive)
Mother Goose’s Melodies: The Only Pure Edition; Containing All That Have Ever Come to Light of Her Memorable Writings, Together with Those Which Have Been Discovered Among the Mss. of Herculaneum, Likewise Every One Recently Found in the Same Stone Box Which Hold the Golden Plates of the Book of Mormon; The Whole Compared, Revised, and Sanctioned, by One of the Annotators of the Goose Family …, 1833. (Internet Archive)
The Nursery Rhymes of England, Collected Principally from Oral Tradition, collected by James Halliwell‐Phillipps, 1842. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Mother Goose; or, National Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Songs, music by James William Elliott, 1872. (HathiTrust)
A Nursery Rhyme Picture Book, ca. 1914. (Internet Archive)
The Real Mother Goose, 1916. (Internet Archive)
Mammuth; or, Human Nature Diſplayed on a Grand Scale: In a Tour with the Tinkers, into the Inland Parts of Africa; by the Man in the Moon; in Two Volumes, by William Thomson, 1789. (vol. 1, HathiTrust) (vol. 2, HathiTrust)
“Der Mann im Mond” (poem), Allemannische Gedichte, by J. P. [Johann Peter] Hebel, 1803. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
The Man in the Moon; a Farce, in Two Acts, libretto by R. Phillips, music by Thomas Cooke, 1818. (Google Books)
“There Was a Man Came from the Moon,” song 48, The Jacobite Relics of Scotland; Being the Songs, Airs, and Legends, of the Adherents to the House of Stuart, collected by James Hogg, (Sept.) 1819. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
The Loyal Man in the Moon, [by William Hone,] 1820. (BL)
“The Man in the Moon, a Speech from the Throne, to the Senate of Lunataria in the Moon,” The Man in the Moon &c. &c. &c., by William Hone, illustrated by George Cruikshank, 1820. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Daniel O’Rourke,” Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, vol. 1, by Thomas Crofton Croker, 1825. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, vol. 5, no. 131, 12 Mar. 1825. (HathiTrust)
“The Man in the Moon” (folk song), 1820s or earlier, variant of widespread older nonsense song, Roud 473.
The Ballad Book, ed. George Ritchie Kinloch, 1827. (Internet Archive) (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Sky and Stars” („Himmel und Gestirne“), ch. of Teutonic Mythology (Deutsche Mythologie), by Jacob Grimm, 1835. (HathiTrust) (2nd ed., 1844, Internet Archive) 🏆
Trans. James Steven Stallybrass (d. 1888), 1883. (Internet Archive)
“Alawil” (origin synopsis), Appenzelliſcher Sprachschatz: Eine Sammlung appenzellischer Wörter, Redensarten, Sprichwörter, Räthsel, Anekdoten, Sagen, Haus‐ und Witterungsregeln, abergläubischer Dinge, Gebräuche und Spiele, würzender Lieder oder Reime; nebst analogischer, historischer und etymologischer Bearbeitung einer Menge von Landeswörtern, zum Theile nach altteutschen Handschriften der katholischen Kantonsbibliothek in St. Gallen, by Titus Tobler, 1837. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
The Man in the Moon: A Poem, by an undergraduate of Worcester College, Oxford, 1839. (Internet Archive)
An Introduction to Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream, ch. 6, by James Halliwell‐Phillipps, 1841. (Internet Archive) 🏆
“Die Flecken im Monde” (27), “Der Mann im Monde” (107) and “Der Kohldieb im Monde” (140), Märkiſche Sagen und Märchen, nebſt einem Anhange von Gebräuchen und Aberglauben, by Adalbert Kuhn, 1842. (HathiTrust)
“A Shrewd Old Fellow’s the Man in the Moon” (song), words by Charles Sloman, music by Edward J. Loder, 1848.
Reprinted in Moon Lore, 1884. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Reprinted as “The Man in the Moon,” Historic Magazine; and Notes and Queries, vol. 26, no. 10, Oct. 1908. (HathiTrust)
Shakespeare’s Puck, and His Folkslore, Illustrated from the Superstitions of All Nations, but More Especially from the Earliest Religion and Rites of Northern Europe and the Wends, ch. 5, by William Bell, 1852. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive) 🏆
“The Man in the Moon,” Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, by Sabine Baring‐Gould, 1866. (Internet Archive) 🏆
Notes on Un‐natural History; Being a Selection of Fictions Accounting for Facts, ch.2, (May) 1868. (HathiTrust)
“The Man in the Moon” (folk song), Roud 21397, collected by Alfred Williams, 1870s or earlier. (VWML) (MN) (1871, HathiTrust)
“The Man in the Moon,” [by Elizabeth Prentiss,] The Man in the Moon and Other Tales, 1872. (Google Books)
Reprinted as “The Lumber Room,” Six Little Princesses and What They Turned into and Other Fairy Tales, [1907]. (Internet Archive)
“The Giant Watabore: A Big Child’s Story,” by Mary Mapes Dodge, St. Nicholas, Dec. 1873. (Internet Archive)
“The Man in the Moon,” by Rossiter W. Raymond, The Man in the Moon and Other People, 1874. (HathiTrust)
Moonfolk: A True Account of the Home of the Fairy Tales, by Jane G. Austin, illustrated by W. J. Linton, 1874. (HathiTrust) (1882, Internet Archive)
“The Man in the Moon Is Looking, Love” (song), by T. S. Lonsdale, music by W. G. [William George] Eaton, [between 1863 and 1877]. (HathiTrust)
“The Moon,” ch. 2 of English Folk‐lore, by T. F. Thiselton‐Dyer, 1878. (Internet Archive) 🏆
Five Mice in a Mouse‐Trap, by the Man in the Moon: Done in Vernacular, from the Lunacular, by Laura E. Richards, 1880. (Internet Archive)
“A Christmas Dinner with the Man in the Moon,” by Washington Gladden, St. Nicholas, vol. 8, no. 2, Dec. 1880. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted in Santa Claus on a Lark and Other Christmas Stories, 1890. (Internet Archive)
“The Adventures of Mrs. Wishing‐to‐Be,” The Adventures of Mrs. Wishing‐to‐Be and Other Stories, by Alice Corkran (d. 1916), uncredited illustrations, [Oct. 1882]. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“An Accident in High Life” (poem), by Eleanor A. Hunter, St. Nicholas, vol. 10, no. 2, Dec. 1882. (Internet Archive)
“The Man in the Moon,” “The Moon Mostly a Male Deity,” “The Moon a World‐wide Deity” etc., Moon Lore, by Rev. Timothy Harley, 1885. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) 🏆
“Hey, Diddle Diddle!” (poem), by Jenny Wallis, Harper’s Young People: An Illustrated Weekly, vol. 8, no. 387, 29 Mar. 1887. (HathiTrust)
Luniolatry; Ancient and Modern: A Lecture, by Gerald Massey, [1887]. (Internet Archive)
“Goody Santa Claus on a Sleigh‐Ride,” by Katharine Lee Bates, Wide Awake, vol. 28, no. 1, Dec. 1888. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Sunshine and Other Verses for Children, 1890. (Internet Archive)
“Dutch Lullaby” (poem), A Little Book of Western Verse, by Eugene Field, 1889. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted with revisions in Longman’s Magazine, vol. 17, no. 98, Dec. 1890. (Internet Archive)
“Elfie’s Visit to Cloudland and the Moon,” by Frances V. and E. J. Austen, fourth installment, St. Nicholas, vol. 18, no. 6, Apr. 1891. (Internet Archive)
“My Sweetheart’s the Man in the Moon” (song), by James Thornton, 1892. (Smithsonian) (NYPL) (JHU)
“The Fairy King and Queen” and “The Wedding of ‘the Man in the Moon’,” The Wonderful Fairies of the Sun, by Ernest Vincent Wright, 1896. (Internet Archive) (Helios/Fairy King, Selene/Luna/Fairy Queen, General Winter, Bacchus/Captain Fall, Jack Frost/Frost Fairy, Venus)
“The Man in the Moon: German Myth” and “Jack and Jill: A Scandinavian Myth,” Classic Myths: Greek, German, and Scandinavian, Retold for Primary Pupils, by Mary Catherine Judd, 1896. (HathiTrust)
“Mr. Moon: A Song of the Little People,” by Bliss Carman, More Songs from Vagabondia, (Oct.) 1896. (Internet Archive) (Google Books) (HathiTrust)
“The Man in the Moon,” Mother Goose in Prose, by L. Frank Baum, 1897. (Internet Archive)
“The Old Man in the Moon,” anonymous, and “Little Man in the Moon,” by Gussie Packard DuBois, Cinderella and Other Stories with Numerous Illustrations, ca. 1900. (HathiTrust)
“Questions. (As written for a very little boy.)” (poem), by Helen M. Jewell, Sketches in Purple: … Consisting of Representative Rhetorical Exercises Written During the College Year 1900–1901 by Undergraduates in the College of Liberal Arts of Northwestern University, vol. 2, (June) 1901. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Reprinted as “The Man in the Moon,” The Evanston Poets, (Feb.) 1903. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Man in the Moon: How He Got There and His Future Destiny,” The Man in the Moon or the Unexpected, by Bertram Dendron, 1901. (Internet Archive)
“The Moon in Childhood and Folklore,” by J. W. [John Willis] Slaughter, The American Journal of Psychology, vol. 13, no. 2, Apr. 1902. (HathiTrust) 🏆
“The Children in the Moon” and “Why There Is a Man in the Moon,” The Book of Nature Myths, by Florence Holbrook, 1902. (Internet Archive)
The Surprising Adventures of the Man in the Moon, Showing How, in Company with Santa Claus, Robinson Crusoe, Cinderella and Her Prince, Jack the Giant Killer, Little Red Riding Hood, Old Mother Hubbard, Jack Sprat and His Wife, Tommy Tucker and Some Others, He Made a Remarkable Tour over Land and Sea and Through the Air, by Ray M. Steward (pseud. of Edward Stratemeyer), 1903.
“Tito’s Home‐made Picture‐Book,” by George Frederick Welsford, St. Nicholas, vol. 31, no. 7, May 1904. (Internet Archive)
“The Weaving of the Magic Cloak,” ch. 1 of Queen Zixi of Ix; or, The Story of the Magic Cloak, by L. Frank Baum, St. Nicholas, vol. 32, no. 1, Nov. 1904. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted in book form, 1905. (Internet Archive)
“A Message to Mother Goose,” by Ellen Manly, St. Nicholas, vol. 32, no. 2, Dec. 1904. (Internet Archive)
“Man in the Moon,” Brand’s Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: Faiths and Folklore; a Dictionary of National Beliefs, Superstitions and Popular Customs, Past and Current, with Their Classical and Foreign Analogues, Described and Illustrated …, vol. 2, by W. Carew Hazlitt, 1905. (Internet Archive)
“The Man in the Moon,” Cassell’s Popular Science, vol. 1, ca. 1900–06. Uncredited article apparently in the public domain. (Internet Archive)
“The Eclipse of the Man in the Moon,” The Amen Corner and Other Verses, by David H. Schock, (Feb.) 1908. (Internet Archive)
“How Christmas Was Saved, or The Sorrows of Santa Claus (A Christmas Play),” by Catharine Markham, illustrated by Albertine Randall Wheelan, St. Nicholas, vol. 36, no. 2, Dec. 1908. Also Mother Goose, William Tell, Lo the Poor Indian, Robinson Crusoe, Friday, Captain Kidd, Robin Hood, Pocahontas. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Moon” (poem), by May Morgan, St. Nicholas, vol. 37, no. 11, Sept. 1910. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (See also …)
“Two men in a Balloon, / Went up to the Moon” (rhyme), The Bull Moose Mother Goose, by Sallie Macrum Cubbage, 1912. (HathiTrust)
“The Man in the Moon” (folk song), Roud 19710, 1910s or earlier.
Printed in “Oxfordshire Village Folklore (1840–1900),” by Angelina Parker (d. ?), Folk‐Lore: Transactions of the Folk‐Lore Society, vol. 24, no. 1, Mar. 1913. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in “Beliefs and Customs,” footnote 17, by Paul G. Brewster, The Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore, vol. 1, 1952. (Internet Archive)
The Marriage of Jack and Jill: A Mother Goose Entertainment in Two Scenes, by Lilian Clisby Bridgham, 1913. (Internet Archive)
“Ivory Adventures: The Man in the Moon,” John Martin’s Book, reprinted in St. Nicholas, vol. 43, no. 5, Mar. 1916. (Internet Archive)
“The Man in the Moon,” Plantation Songs and Other Verse, by Ruth McEnery Stuart, 1916. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“King Kokem” and “Moon, O Moon in the Empty Sky” (poems), The Peter Patter Book: Rimes for Children, by Leroy F. Jackson, illustrated by Blanche Fisher Wright, 1918. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Google Books)
The Tale of Johnny Mouse, by Elizabeth Gordon, illustrated by Maginel Wright Enright, 1920. (HathiTrust) (CBO)
Uncle Wiggily in Magic Land, by Howard R. Garis, illustrations by Lansing Campbell and Edward Bloomfield, 1924. (HathiTrust) (Also Water Queen, Pied Piper, Sinbad, Aladdin, Ice Maiden, Gold Spinner sans Rumpelstiltskin, Fisherman and wife Alice, Golden Bird)
Sandy, Skip and the Man in the Moon, by Inez Hogan, 1928. (HathiTrust)
Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols, by Gertrude Jobes, 1961. Entries for Chandra (p. 310), Face in the moon (543), Jacob (858), Khensu (923), Mani (1058), Moon (1119), Sin (1456), Thoth (1562), Tsukiyomi (1604) and Wu Kang (1693). (HathiTrust)
Other.
The Man in the Moone: Or A Diſcourſe of a Voyage Thither by Domingo Gonſales the Speedy Meſſenger, by Francis Godwin, 1638.
Reprinted as The Strange Voyage and Adventures of Domingo Gonſales, to the World in the Moon; Containing an Account of the Iſland of St. Hellena; the Place Where He Reſided Some Years in, and Where He Planned This Wonderful Voyage; His Entering on Board One of the Homeward‐Bound Eaſt‐India Ships for Spain; Their Running on the Rocks near the Pike of Teneriff, to Avoid an Engliſh Squadron of Ships, That Were in Purſuit of the Spaniſh Fleet; Gonſales Had Just Time to Fix His Machine, Which Carried Him in Safety to the Pike of Teneriff, Having Reſted His Ganſas on the Mountain, Whence Was Purſued by the Savages; When Giving the Signal to His Birds, They Aroſe in the Air with Him for Their Journey to the Moon: The Wonderful Apparitions and Devils He Met with in His Progreſs; Their Temptations to Him, Which He Avoided, and Their Supplying Him with Choice Provisions; His Leaving This Helliſh Crew, and Proceeding on His Voyage to the Moon; His Safe Arrival There; the Manners, Cuſtoms, and Language of the Emperors, Kings, Princes and People: His Short Stay There, to the Great Grief of the Lunars; the Ineſtimable Preſents in Jewels the Author Received at His Departure; His Repaſſing to Our Earthly Globe Again, and Was Set down in China by His Birds; His Being Taken for a Magician by the Country People, and Preſerved from Their Fury by a Chineſe Mandarin; His Going Aboard an India Ship Bound to Europe; His Safe Arrival in His Own Country, Where He Made His Diſcoveries to the King of Spain, Who Held Several Cabinet Councils to Deliberate on a Proper Uſe to Be Made of Theſe Diſcoveries; with a Deſcription of the Pike of Teneriff, as Travelled up by Some Engliſh Merchants, 1768. (Internet Archive)
Narrative of a Voyage to New Zealand, Performed in the Years 1814 and 1815 …, by John Liddiard Nicholas, 1817. (Internet Archive) Re Rona
Excerpted back into English from a French translation in “Replies to Minor Queries,” trans. B. H. C., Notes and Queries: A Medium of Inter‐communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc., vol. 11 (first series), no. 295, 23 June 1855. (HathiTrust) Also V:468.
The Mythology of the Hindus, with Notices of Various Mountain and Island Tribes, Inhabiting the Two Peninsulas of India and the Neighbouring Islands; and an Appendix, Comprising the Minor Avatars, and the Mythological and Religious Terms, &c. &c. of the Hindus …, by Charles Coleman, 1832. (Internet Archive)
“The Heavenly Bodies, Time, the Wind, the Rainbow” and “Vocabulary of the Principal Proper Names Occurring in the Norse Mythology, with a Brief Synopsis of the Character and Exploits of the Gods, Explanations, Etymological Definitions, Etc. Giving the Original Icelandic Form of the Word in the Vocabulary, and Adding, After the Synopsis, the Anglicized Form Used by the Author Throughout the Work,” Norse Mythology; or, The Religion of Our Forefathers, Containing All the Myths of the Eddas, Systematized and Interpreted; with an Introduction, Vocabulary and Index, by Rasmus B. Anderson, 1875. (Internet Archive)
The Hydah Mission, Queen Charlotte’s Islands: An Account of the Mission and People, with a Descriptive Letter …, by Rev. Charles Harrison (d. 1926), 1884. (Internet Archive)
“Rona,” ch. 2 of The Ancient History of the Maori, His Mythology and Traditions: Horo‐Uta or Taki‐Tumu Migration, vol. 2, by John White, 1887. (HathiTrust)
“Ur of the Chaldees,” by Edgar James Banks, Monumental Records, vol. 1, no. 6, June 1900. (HathiTrust) (Google Books)
“Marama: The Moon‐God; a South Sea Legend,” by Arthur Henry Adams, The Monthly Review, vol. 9, no. 1, Oct. 1902. Re Marama. (HathiTrust) (Google Books)
Reprinted in The Collected Verses of Arthur H. Adams, [1913]. (Internet Archive)
Oriental Studies, esp. ch. 3, “Notes on Faiths and Folk‐lore of the Moon,” by Lewis Dayton Burdick, 1905. (Internet Archive) (Chonsu and Sin)
Myths of the Norsemen, by H. A. Guerber, 1908. (Internet Archive)
A Popular Handbook of Useful and Interesting Information for Beginners in the Elementary Study of Assyriology; Compiled from the Writings of Some of the Best Authorities, by Francis Collins Norton (d. 1921), 1908. Entries on Baal (p. 20), Haran (82), Hymns (89), Nannar (126), Sin (166), Yahveh (confused with Iah) (191), Zū‐Ena (195). (Internet Archive)
Revised as Bible Student’s Handbook of Assyriology: A Popular Manual of Useful Information for the Elementary Study of Oriental Archæology, and a Help for Young Students and Teachers of the Old Testament, 1913. (HathiTrust)
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum: Transliteration, Translation and Commentary, by Frederick Augustus Vanderburgh, Contributions to Oriental History and Philology, no. 1, 1908. (Internet Archive)
Egyptian Mythology, by Wilhelm Max Müller, part of The Mythology of All Races in Thirteen Volumes, vol. 12, 1918. Thoth and Khonsu. (Internet Archive)
“The Creation,” Norse Mythology: Literature Curriculum, Levels C–D [Grades Three and Four]; Teacher’s Guide, by the Oregon Elementary English Project, 1971. Máni. In the public domain from absence of copyright notice. (Internet Archive)