Continued from Google Keep
☞ Public‐domain character. Folkloric. First appearance, possibly Round About Our Coal Fire, or, Chriſtmas Entertainments, 4th ed., 1734.
Jack Frost is ….
• L. Frank Baum portrays Jack Frost, the Frost King and Santa Claus as three clearly separate and distinct characters, but some writers conflate them. For example, at least two public‐domain stories (“The Frost Fairies,” 1873, and “The Frost King,” 1892) portray Jack Frost as a wealthy king with a palace and refer to him as King Frost. Frost, or Morozko, is a Slavic god or demon who served as an antecedent to Ded Moroz, the Slavic Santa Claus, but is often portrayed as being more like Jack Frost, the Frost King or Old Man Winter than like Santa Claus. His name in multiple public‐domain stories in English is often translated as King Frost.
Public‐domain bibliography
Round About Our Coal Fire, or, Chriſtmas Entertainments: Wherein Is Deſcribed, …; Together with Some Curious Memoirs of Old Father Chriſtmas; Shewing What Hoſpitality Was in Former Times, and How Little There Remains of It at Present, 4th ed., ch. 1, “Of Mirth and Jollity, Chriſtmas Gambols, Eating, Drinking, Kiſſing, and Other Diverſions of the Holydays,” by Dick Merryman (pseud.), 1734. (Wikimedia Commons) (1740, HathiTrust)
“The Life and Adventures of Jack Froſt and His Wholeſome Advice to All Honeſt Hearts at This Nipping Seaſon: A New‐Years Song,” [by Jeremy Belknap,] The Freeman’s Journal: or, The North‐American Intelligencer, vol. 4, no. 194, 5 Jan. 1785. Reprinted in The Columbian Magazine, vol. 2, no. 2, Feb. 1788. (Internet Archive)
References to “old veteran Jack Froſt,” The Balance, and Columbian Repository, vol. 4.
Attributed to Capt. Stargazer [Charles Holt], no. 43, 22 Oct. 1805. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
No. 44, 29 Oct. 1805. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Possibly also published in The Hudson Bee, per the text.)
“Jack Froſt, the Doctor” (poem), by Moses Guest, 21 Dec. 1805, reprinted in The Spirit of the Public Journals; or, Beauties of the American Newspapers, for 1805, 1806. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted in Poems on Several Occasions: To Which Are Annexed, Extracts from a Journal Kept by the Author While He Followed the Sea, and During a Journey from New‐Brunswick, in New‐Jersey, to Montreal and Quebec, 1823. (2nd ed., HathiTrust) (2nd ed., Internet Archive)
“A Farmer to His Little Children, Attending Their Eldest Sister to the Byre, on a Winter Evening” (poem), by Thomas White, Flowers of Literature, for 1806; or, Characteristic Sketches of Human Nature, and Modern Manners: To Which Are Added, a General View of Literature During That Period; Portraits and Biographical Notices of Eminent Literary, and Political Characters; with Notes, Historical, Critical, and Explanatory, 1807. (HathiTrust)
“A Newengland May Morning” (poem), by Z., The Port Folio, vol. 8 (new ser.), no. 1, July 1812. (HathiTrust)
False Stories Corrected: Learn to Unlearn What You Have Learned Amiss, 1813. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Apparition” (poem), by John William Smith, The Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 84, no. 3, Mar. 1814. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
Reprinted as “Jackey Frost and Sally Snow,” in Terrors of Imagination, and Other Poems, 1814. (HathiTrust)
“A Seasonable Sonnet,” by Pedestrius, The Monthly Repository, &c., vol. 10, no. 110, Feb. 1815. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost, the Bridge Builder,” Poems on Several Occasions: To Which Are Annexed, Extracts from a Journal Kept by the Author While He Followed the Sea, and During a Journey from New‐Brunswick, in New‐Jersey, to Montreal and Quebec, by Moses Guest, 1823. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost and the Caty‐did,” Occasional Pieces of Poetry, by John G. C. Brainard, 1825. (Internet Archive)
“Henry Higgins and Miss Amelia Wiggins,” by Charles Dibdin, The Universal Songster; or, Museum of Mirth: Forming the Most Complete, Extensive, and Valuable Collection of Ancient and Modern Songs in the English Language: With a Copious and Classified Index, Which Will, Under Its Various Heads, Refer the Reader to the Following Description of Songs, Viz. Ancient, Amatory, Bacchanalian, Comic, (English,) Dibdins’ Miscellaneous, Duets, Trios, Glees, Choruses, Irish, Jews, Masonic, Military, Naval, Scotch, Sentimental, Sporting, Welsh, Yorkshire &c. …, vol. 3, 1826. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted as “Frost Frolics; or, The Joys of Love,” The American Comic Songster: A Collection of All the Wit, Humour, Eccentricity, and Originality in Song, Which the Present Day Has Produced, 1834. (HathiTrust)
“He That Is Warm, Thinks All Are So” (poem), Old English Sayings Newly Expounded, in Prose and Verse, by Jefferys Taylor, 1827. (Internet Archive)
“A Faithful and Right Merry Account of the Festivities at Colyton, Shute and the Ox‐Field, in Honour of John George Pole, Esqr. 21 Jany., 1829,” by W. H. Merle (d. 1878), published posthumously in “Coming of Age, and Ox‐Roasting in Devon,” by W. H. H. Rogers, The Western Antiquary; or, Note‐book for Devon & Cornwall, vol. 11, nos. 1–2, Aug.–Sept. 1891. (Internet Archive)
“The Frost,” Poems, by Hannah Flagg Gould, 1832. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost,” pt. 2 (poem), by L. R., The Essayist, vol. 1, no. 4, Apr. 1832. Presented as a sequel to Gould’s poem. (HathiTrust)
“Anecdotes of Mr John Frost, the Celebrated Landscape Painter” (poem), by Frances Sargent Osgood, Juvenile Miscellany, ser. 3, vol. 5, no. 3, Jan.–Feb. 1833. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted as “Jack Frost,” A Wreath of Wild Flowers from New England, 1838. (Internet Archive)
“On the Return of Spring, 1837,” Original Miscellaneous Poems, Containing the Reflections of the Author on the Incidents of His Own Life, and a Variety of Other Subjects, During His Few Leisure Moments, by Robert McCracken, 1837. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost” (poem), The Comic Almanack for 1838, with Twelve Illustrations of the Months, 1837. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
“Charles,” ch. of Rollo’s Correspondence, by Jacob Abbott, 1839. (HathiTrust)
Christmas revel, 1839. Reviewed in “Christmas Revels,” The Literary Gazette; and Journal of the Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c., vol. 24, no. 1198, 4 Jan. 1840. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
“What Jack Frost Did Last Winter,” ch. 27 of Breakfast‐Table Science: Written Expressly for the Amusement and Instruction of Young People, by J. H. Wright, 1839. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Blarneyhum Ass‐trologicum pro Anno 1840,” The Comic Almanack, for 1840: An Ephemeris in Jest and Earnest Containing “All Things Fitting for Such a Work” …, by Rigdum Funnidos (collective pseud. of Henry Mayhew, Horace Mayhew and Robert Brough), 1839. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost, a Song …,” by Samuel Griswold Goodrich, Robert Merry’s Museum, vol. 1, no. 1, Feb. 1841. (HathiTrust)
Revised and reprinted in Sketches from a Student’s Window, 1841. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Little Speaker, and Juvenile Reader; Being a Collection of Pieces in Prose, Poetry, and Dialogue, Designed for Exercises in Speaking, and for Occasional Reading, in Primary Schools, 1849. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost, the Jeweler,” by Blanche, The Columbian Magazine, vol. 6, no. 1, July 1846. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Gem of the Season for 1849: With Twenty Splendid Engravings, 1849. (HathiTrust)
“Whenever you are cold, and chilly, and quaking …” (poem), as part of “Correspondence of the Razor Strop Man,” by Henry Smith, New‐England Washingtonian, after 18 May 1847. Reprinted in The Life and Adventures of Henry Smith, the Celebrated Razor Strop Man, Embracing a Complete Collection of His Original Songs, Queer Speeches, Humorous Letters, and Odd, Droll, Strange and Whimsical Sayings, Now Published for the First Time; with an Accurate Portrait: To Which Is Added a Choice Selection of Songs, Anecdotes and Witticisms, Most of Them Original, 1848. (Internet Archive)
“Introduction to the Jack Frost Melodies,” as part of “Letter from Cousin Mary,” by M. H. Maxwell, The Boys’ and Girls’ Magazine, vol. 1, no. 4, Apr. 1848. (HathiTrust)
Expanded as “The Jack Frost Melodies” in The Juvenile Annual, or Holiday Melodies, 1852. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost,” Day‐dreams, by Martha Allen, 1852. (Internet Archive)
“The Snow” (song), The Song‐book of the School‐room: Consisting of a Great Variety of Songs, Hymns, and Scriptural Selections with Appropriate Music, Arranged to Be Sung in One, Two, or Three Parts: Containing, Also, the Elementary Principles of Vocal Music, Prepared with Reference to the Inductive, or Pestalozzian Method of Teaching: Designed as a Complete Music Manual for Common, or Grammar Schools, by Lowell Mason and George James Webb, 1847. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Songs for the Little Ones at Home, comp. Mary O. Ward, 1852. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost at Our Terrace,” by Charles Manby Smith, Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 3, no. 64, 24 Mar. 1855. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Little World of London; or, Pictures in Little of London Life, 1857. (Internet Archive)
“The Pretty Pictures,” by Opal, The Youth’s Companion: A Family Paper, Devoted to Piety, Morality, Brotherly Love—No Sectarianism, No Controversy, vol. 29, no. 2, 3 May 1855. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Sanders’ Union Speaker: Containing a Great Variety of Exercises for Declamation, Both in Prose and Verse, Adapted to Pupils of All Ages, and Especially Suitable for School Exhibitions, and Other Public Occasions, 1864. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
“A Fly in Winter,” by S. A. W., Melodies for Childhood, 1857. (HathiTrust)
Jack Frost and Betty Snow, with Other Tales for Wintry Nights and Rainy Days, by J. Mill Chanter and Charlotte Chanter, 1858.
King Winter, by Gustav W. Seitz, ca. 1859. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Library of Congress)
“The Brook,” Rhymings, by Howard Wainwright, 1860. (Internet Archive)
“Epithalamium: John Frost and Sally Snow,” by Sally Mar‐Doll(?), reprinted in The Newspaper Press, in Part of the Last Century, and up to the Present Period of 1860: The Recollections of James Amphlett, Who Has Been Styled the Father of the Press, Extending over a Period of Sixty Years in Connexion with Newspapers, London and the Country, 1860. (Internet Archive) (Snow Maiden/Sally Snow)
“Jack Frost and Betty Snow; or, A Winter Piece for the Children,” The Ladies’ Repository, vol. 23, no. (3?), Mar. 1863. The same as 1858 work above? (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost,” Percy’s Year of Rhymes, 1866. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“How Jack Frost Could Not Catch the Little Boy” (4) and “Good‐by, Jack Frost!” (72), by Emily Carter, The Nursery: A Magazine for Youngest Readers, vol. 1, 1867. (HathiTrust)
Entire volume apparently retitled The Sick Doll and Other Stories for Youngest Readers, 1868. (HathiTrust)
“How Jack Frost Could Not Catch the Little Boy” reprinted as “Jack Frost and Tom Ruddy,” in The Progressive Speaker: Containing the Best Readings and Recitations for All Occasions from the Most Celebrated Authors Including Grave and Pathetic, Moral and Didactic, Dramatic, Descriptive, Religious and Humorous Selections … Embellished with More than 100 Superb Illustrations, 1897. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“A Cold Day” (poem), by Philoptorthos, The Nursery: A Magazine for Youngest Readers, vol. 3, 1868. (HathiTrust)
Entire volume apparently retitled The Great Secret, and Other Stories, for Youngest Readers, 1869. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted as “Jack Frost,” Songs for Our Darlings, ed. Uncle Willis (pseud. of Stephen Willis Tilton), 1872. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted as “Winter Song,” Rhymes and Tales for the Kindergarten and Nursery, collected by Alma L. Kriege, 1876. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Expanded with instructions for physical activity in “Winter Games for the Schools,” by Grace King, Primary Education: A Monthly Journal for Primary Teachers, vol. 20, no. 1, Jan. 1912. (HathiTrust) (See also Baby New Year.)
King Luckyboy’s Party, by Walter Crane, [ca. 1870]. (Internet Archive) (TU Braunschweig) (also a personification of December indistinguishable from Father Christmas)
Reprinted in King Luckyboy’s Picture Book Containing King Luckyboy’s Party[;] One, Two, Buckle My Shoe[;] The Fairy Ship[;] This Little Pig Went to Market …, [1871]. (ICDL) (Toronto Public Library)
Reprinted in This Little Pig Picture Book Containing This Little Pig; The Fairy Ship; King Luckyboy’s Party …, [19‒‒?]. (U. Florida)
“The Cultivator Thus Speaks of the Change of Color,” Gleanings, Student and Schoolmate, vol. 25, no. 2, Feb. 1870. (Internet Archive)
Jack Frost, or God’s Finger in the Winter, by Ina Hervey, 1870. (HathiTrust)
“Spring,” Doric Lays and Lyrics, by James Thomson, 1870. (Internet Archive)
“The Frost Fairies,” Birdie and His Fairy Friends: A Book for Little Children, by Margaret T. Canby, (Apr.) 1873. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted in American Annals of the Deaf, vol. 37, no. 2, Apr. 1892. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost,” by Celia Thaxter, St. Nicholas, vol. 1, no. 2, Dec. 1873. (Internet Archive)
“Little Jack Frost: A Rhyme for Flossie,” by Charles Sangster, The Aldine, vol. 7, no. 16, Apr. 1875. (HathiTrust) (Dame Nature)
Music by Mrs. S. C. Cornwell, Songs and Games for Little Ones, 3rd ed., prepared by Gertrude Walker and Harriet S. Jenks, 1887. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Boyden’s Speaker: For Primary Grades, ed. Helen W. Boyden, 1890. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Analysis in Everyday Classics First Reader: Teachers’ Manual, by Fannie Wyche Dunn, 1922. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost” (poem), by Eliza Keary, The Peep‐Show, no. 7, (Feb.?) 1875. (Google Books)
Reprinted in Enchanted Tulips and Other Verses for Children, by Annie, Eliza and Maud Keary, 1914. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The False Sir Santa Claus (A Christmas Masque for Young and Old),” by E. S. Brooks, St. Nicholas, vol. 10, no. 1, Nov. 1882. (Internet Archive) (Bad Wolf, Curly Locks)
Reprinted in St. Nicholas Book of Plays & Operettas, 1900. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Too Soon: An Operetta in One Act, for Young Performers, libretto by Charles Barnard, music by Alfred Cellier, 1883. (HathiTrust)
“The Guest” (poem), Child’s Own Speaker: Designed for Five Year Olds, by E. C. and L. J. Rook, 1887. (HathiTrust) (Internet Archive)
Set to music as “Jack Frost,” The Second Music Reader, by Charles E. Whiting, Public School Music Course, 1889. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted with an additional stanza as “He’s Coming,” Primary Education: A Monthly Journal for Primary Teachers, vol. 4, no. 10, Dec. 1896. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost” (poem), Jack Frost and Other Stories for Little Folks, ed. Mrs. F. A. Humphrey, 1888. (U. Florida)
Reprinted in substantially altered form in The Normal Course in Reading, [vol. 2], The New First Reader: Word Pictures and Language Lessons, by Emma J. Todd and W. B. Powell, 1895. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jacky Frost” (poem), In My Nursery, by Laura E. Richards, 1890. (Internet Archive)
Brooks and Brook Basins, by Alex Everett Frye, First Steps in Geography, 1891. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Frost King,” by Helen Keller, The Mentor, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 1892. (Internet Archive)
Reprinted in The Goodson Gazette.
“Editorial Notes” (on the plagiarism controversy), The Mentor, vol. 2, no. 3, Mar. 1892, 117–18.
“Jimmieboy and Jack Frost,” by John Kendrick Bangs, serialized in Harper’s Young People, vol. 14, Dec. 1892.
Ch. 1, no. 684, 6 Dec. 1892. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Ch. 2, no. 685, 13 Dec. 1892. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Ch. 3, no. 686, 20 Dec. 1892. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Ch. 4, no. 687, 27 Dec. 1892. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Half‐Hours with Jimmieboy, 1893. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Santa Claus and the Little New‐Year” (34), by Mary E. McDowell, “A Frost Story” (41), by May H. Horton, and “While the Earth Slept” (57), by M. Gertrude Flynn, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 1, no. 2, Jan. 1893. (HathiTrust) (See also Baby New Year.)
“The Easter Lily,” by Fanny Chapin, Kindergarten Magazine, vol. 5, no. 8, Apr. 1893. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 2, no. 4, Mar. 1894. (HathiTrust)
“The Wind‐Flower Laddies,” by Maud E. Upjohn, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 1, no. 5, Apr. 1893. (HathiTrust)
“A Snow Festival: Jack Frost Reviews the Snowflake Brigade” (77) and “Neptune’s Reunion: Ocean’s Children Return Home, and Report Their Adventures” (92), Pieces to Speak, by Emma Lee Benedict, 1893. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Neptune)
“The Maple Tree and the Tablet,” by Edith J. Wadsworth, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 1, no. 8, July 1893. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost” (329), anonymous, and “The Wind and the Leaves” (340), by Lucy B. Keyes, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 1, no. 11, Oct. 1893. (HathiTrust) (See also Neptune.)
“November” (353), by M. E. G. Simth [sic], “The Babies’ Blankets” (368), by Ellen Robena Field, and “Jack Frost” (369), by Annaletta, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 1, no. 12, Nov. 1893. (HathiTrust) (See also the Pied Piper.)
“The Little New Year” (34), by Ellen Robena Field, and “How the Snowflakes Came to Visit Mother Earth” (36), by Margaret A. Hurlbut, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 2, no. 2, Jan. 1894. (HathiTrust) (Baby New Year)
“Spring’s Call to the Flowers” (133), by G. E. L., “Pussy Willow and Mousie Willow” (142), by G. E. L., and “Breath of Spring” (152), by Malana A. Harris, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 2, no. 5, Apr. 1894. (HathiTrust)
“Queer Shoes” (166), anonymous, “The Fairy Queen’s Party,” conclusion (180), by E. M. B., and “Merry Brook” (182), by Clara L. Congdon, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 2, no. 6, May 1894. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost: Magician,” The Flight of a Pigeon and Other Stories, by Arthur Henry and Maude Wood Henry, 1894. (HathiTrust) (Google Books)
“Winter Song” (103), “Spring” (106) and “Mrs. Apple Tree” (110), The Normal Course in Reading, [vol. 2], The New First Reader: Word Pictures and Language Lessons, by Emma J. Todd and W. B. Powell, 1895. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Feminine personification of spring)
“The Night Workman” (poem), by Agnes Spofford Cook, Primary Education: A Monthly Journal for Primary Teachers, vol. 4, no. 2, Feb. 1896. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Songs of the Tree‐top and Meadow, 6th ed., collected by Lida Brown McMurry and Agnes Spofford Cook, 1899. (HathiTrust)
Music by J. F. Reichardt, Songs for School and Home, 1st bk., by Wilhelm Mattfeld, 1907. (HathiTrust)
“The Frost Fairy,” The Wonderful Fairies of the Sun, by Ernest Vincent Wright, 1896. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost” (poem), The Child World, by Gabriel Setoun (pseudonym of Thomas Nicoll Hepburn) (d. 1930), illustrated by Charles Robinson (d. 1937), 1896. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
At the Court of King Winter: A Christmas Play for Schools, by Lizzie M. Hadley, The Practical Teachers’ Library, (Oct.) 1896. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost” (poem), by Alice Lotherington, Kindergarten News: For Everyone Interested in Child Life, vol. 7, no. 3, Nov. 1896. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Flower Songs and Others, 1914. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Autumn in the Woods” (22), “Winter Work and Play” (60) and “Jack Frost” (74), Gymnastic Stories and Plays for Primary Schools: Physical Exercises for the First Two Years of School, by Rebecca Stoneroad, 1898. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Some Welsh Children, ch. 6, “Nursery Myths,” [by Mabel Holland Grave (d. 1929),] 1898. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost,” Songs of the Tree‐top and Meadow, 6th ed., collected by Lida Brown McMurry and Agnes Spofford Cook, 1899. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in substantially different form as “Motion Song,” by Margaret E. White, American Primary Teacher, vol. 26, no. 3, Nov. 1902. (HathiTrust)
Music by Hohmann, Songs for School and Home, 1st bk., by Wilhelm Mattfeld, 1907. (HathiTrust)
“My Nose” (poem), by Abbie Farwell Brown, The Churchman, vol. 81, no. 7, whole no. 2874, 17 Feb. 1900. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in A Pocketful of Posies, 1902. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Frost” (poem), by Clinton Scollard, The Youth’s Companion, vol. 74, no. 46, 15 Nov. 1900. (HathiTrust)
“Weather Forecasts Are Badly Mixed: Forecaster Hyatt Thinks Tuesday May Be Fair and Cool, but He Is Not Sure,” illustration by Ryan Walker, The St. Louis Republic, ninety‐third year, no. ?, 23 Apr. 1901. (LC)
“The Snow Man,” by Rebecca B. Foresman, music by W. W. Gilchrist, A Second Book in Vocal Music Wherein the Study of Musical Structure Is Pursued Through the Consideration of Complete Melodic Forms and Practice Based on Exercises Related to Them, by Eleanor Smith and C. E. Richard Mueller, The Modern Music Series, 1901. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Elson Primary School Reader, bk. 2, by William H. Elson, 1912, pp. 126, 316. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost is here,” First Reader: Combining Observation, Science and Literature, by Lottie E. Jones and S. W. Black, New Era Series, 1902. (HathiTrust)
“Mr. Jack Frost,” ch. 5 of In a Car of Gold, by P. L. Gray, 1902. Mr. Frost is the cousin of Jack Frost. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“An Ante‐Christmas Rondeau,” Ventures into Verse: Being Various Ballads, Ballades, Rondeaux, Triolets, Songs, Quatrains, Odes and Roundels ❧ All Rescued from the Potters’ Field of Old Files and Here Given Decent Burial ❧ [Peace to Their Ashes], by Henry Louis Mencken, 1903. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost has come” (54) and “Spring has come!” (121), Our Country’s Readers, bk. 1, by M. Halley and Leonard Lemmon, 1903. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Runaway Snowman,” Story Friends: A Primer, by S. Lilian Blaisdell, Isabella Austin and Mary L. Gilman, The Hawthorne Readers, 1903. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost” (poem), by Addie E. Burr, Birds and Nature, vol. 14, no. 5, Dec. 1903. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost,” Outdoors, Indoors, and up the Chimney, by Charles McIlvaine, 1906. (Internet Archive)
“Oh, it is cold!” (2), “Oh, it is warm!” (32), “The goldenrod is here” (52), “Jack Frost is here” (54), “O Ned! come to the window” (56) and “The Snow Blanket” (106), The Robin Reader: A First Reader, by Minnie T. Varney, 1904. (HathiTrust) (See also the Sandman, Black Sheep, Mary Lamb.)
“In Eskimo Land with Hans,” Fishing and Hunting, by Sarah M. Mott and Maude Barrows Dutton, World at Work Series, 1905. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Arctic Hospitality or Queen Summer at the Pole, by Annie Stetson Perkins, 1905. (HathiTrust)
“The Chestnut Burr” (poem), by Christine H. Hamilton, School Education, vol. 25, no. 7, Sept. 1906. (HathiTrust)
Billy Bounce, ch. 14, “King Calcium and Sterry Optican,” by W. W. Denslow and Dudley A. Bragdon, 1906. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Water Wonders Every Child Should Know: Little Studies of Dew, Frost, Snow, Ice and Rain, ch. 3, “Etchings by Jack Frost,” by Jean M. Thompson, photographs by Wilson A. Bentley, (Apr.) 1907. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Jack Frost’s Mistake: A Very Clever One Act Operetta, for Thanksgiving or Any Time, by Clara J. Denton, 1907. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost has come” (40) and “Hurrah, boys, hurrah!” (46), A Primer, by Will D. Howe, Myron T. Pritchard and Elizabeth V. Brown, The Howe Readers, 1908. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“How Christmas Was Saved, or The Sorrows of Santa Claus (A Christmas Play),” by Catharine Markham, illustrated by Albertine Randall Wheelan, St. Nicholas, vol. 36, no. 2, Dec. 1908. Also William Tell, Lo the Poor Indian, Robinson Crusoe, Friday, Captain Kidd, Robin Hood, Pocahontas. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Santa’s Surprise Party,” by Gladys Hyatt Sinclair, illustrated by George Varian, St. Nicholas, vol. 36, no. 2, Dec. 1908. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost,” Polly and Dolly, by Mary Frances Blaisdell, 1909. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost,” by Frederic Manley, music by G. A. Grant‐Schæfer, Thirty‐six Songs for Children, 1909. (HathiTrust)
“Old Jack Frost,” The Giant and the Star: Little Annals in Rhyme, by Madison Cawein, 1909. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (AmVerse)
“Is Santa Claus a Fraud? A Christmas Play for School or Parlor,” by Carolyn Wells, illustration by C. B. Dillon [Corinne Boyd Dillon], The Ladies’ Home Journal, vol. 27, no. 1, Dec. 1909. (HathiTrust)
“The West Wind” (57) and “How It Happened” (63), The Giant and Other Nonsense Verse, by Albert W. Smith, 1910. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Easter Rabbit” (139, 327) and “The Kind Old Oak” (154, 337), Elson Primary School Reader, bk. 2, by William H. Elson, 1912. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Easter Rabbit)
“Winter Song” (46) and “Jack Frost” (54), Play Songs from the Song Series, by Alys E. Bentley, piano transcription by Harvey Worthington Loomis, 1912. (HathiTrust)
“Another Santa Claus,” by Emma Bolenius, American Motherhood: For Every Home in the Land, vol. 35, no. 6, Dec. 1912. (HathiTrust)
“What Happens in Autumn” (15), “The Little Snowflakes” (39), “Jack Frost” (42), “The Snowman” (45), “Winter Fun” (49) and “The Little Brook” (77), At the Open Door, by Louise Robinson, 1913. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“Winter Scene in Holland” (105), “Safe and Warm They Sleep” (109) and “The Bed in the Mill” (109), Holland Tales, by Mary Estella Smith, 1913. (HathiTrust)
“Little Madcap’s Journey: A Fairy Extravaganza in Three Acts,” libretto by Isabel Weld Anderson (Perkins), music by John Loud and Julia Ward Howe, Everyboy and Other Plays for Children, 1914. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Mother Earth’s Children: The Frolics of the Fruits and Vegetables, by Elizabeth Gordon, 1914. (Internet Archive)
“A New Ally for Peace,” Life, vol. 64, no. 1672, 12 Nov. 1914. (HathiTrust) (Aladdin)
“Jolly Jack Frost” (song), Second Year Music, by Hollis Dann, Hollis Dann Music Course, 1915. (HathiTrust)
“Adding Insult to Injury” (rhyme), by L. J. Bridgman, St. Nicholas, vol. 43, no. 3, Jan. 1916. (Internet Archive)
“The Leather Sacks,” John Martin’s Annual: A Jolly Big Book for Little Folks, 1916. (HathiTrust)
“Is Jack Frost the Real Artist?,” by Bristow Adams, American Forestry: The Magazine of the American Forestry Association, vol. 22, no. 274, Oct. 1916. (Internet Archive)
“Anita’s Secret or Christmas in the Steerage,” The White Christmas and Other Merry Christmas Plays, by Walter Ben Hare, 1917. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost’s Gift,” John Martin’s Annual: A Jolly Big Book for Little Folks, 1917. (HathiTrust) (See also Miss Muffet, Bo Peep etc.)
“Nick Bluster’s Trick,” Children’s Plays, by Eleanor L. Skinner and Ada M. Skinner, frontispiece by Willy Pogány (d. 1955), 1918. (HathiTrust) (also Queen of Spring, handmaidens) Book published simultaneously in the US and UK; the authors’ years of death are not known but they are apparently Americans. The illustration is probably copyrighted until 2026, although Pogány did move to the US in 1914.
The Luck of Santa Claus: A Play for Young People, by B. C. Porter, 1918. (Internet Archive)
“Jack Frost” (poem), All ’Round Our House, by Rupert Sargent Holland, illustration by Samuel M. Palmer, 1919. (Internet Archive)
Snickerty Nick, by Julia Ellsworth Ford and Witter Bynner, illustrations by Arthur Rackham, 1919. One of Winter’s gnomes is named Frost. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Uncle Wiggily’s Apple Roast or How Nurse Jane’s Pin Cushion Fooled the Skuddlemagoon and Uncle Wiggily's Halloween Party, Also How He Helped Jack Frost, by Howard R. Garis, illustrated by Lang Campbell, 1919. (GJ)
Mother Nature’s Picnic, by Alice Gay Judd, 1921. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Mother Nature, Queen Summer, Autumn etc.)
Nancy and Nick in Scrub‐Up‐Land, by Olive Roberts Barton, 1921. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Fairy Queen, Easter Bunny)
“There Was a Boy Who Lived on Pudding Lane: A True Account, If Only You Believe It, of the Life and Ways of Santa, Eldest Son of Mr. and Mrs. Claus,” by Sarah Addington, The Ladies’ Home Journal, vol. 38, no. 12, Dec. 1921. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost, Jack Frost” (song), by Edna Everett, Kindergarten and Primary Songs: Fifty More Songs for the Kindergarten and for First, Second and Third Grades, rev. ed., 1922. (HathiTrust)
King Winter’s Court and the Miss Springtime Company: A Play of One Act in Two Scenes; Can Be Given by a Dramatic or Dance School, by Alma Mater Wilson Shafer, 1922. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
Mr. and Mrs. Robin Find a Winter Home: A Play in Three Acts, by Rachel Lee Grinnell, 1922. (1924, HathiTrust)
“The Spirit of the Frost,” Five Plays and Five Pantomimes, by Sidney Baldwin, illustrated by Mary Rose Donovan, 1922. (HathiTrust)
Multiple stories, 365 Bedtime Stories, by Mary Graham Bonner, 1923. Frost Brothers, a.k.a. Autumn Paint Club: Jack, Master Chilly, Master Very Cool, Master Heavy Frost. Also Mr. Sun, Man in the Moon, Fairy Queen, Santa Claus, sun fairies, dawn fairies etc. (Internet Archive)
“The Joke on Santa: A Play for Small Children,” The Christmas Gayety Book, by Effa E. Preston, 1924. (HathiTrust)
Santa Claus’ Busy Day: A Play in One Act, by Z. [Zoe] Hartman, 1924. (HathiTrust)
“Freddie Frog Does Not Obey,” by Mae Norton Morris, Junior Home Magazine. Reprinted with illustrations by Ruth Sutherland in Stone’s Silent Reading, bk. 3, ed. Clarence R. Stone, 1925. (HathiTrust) (Also Mother Nature, North Wind)
“Jack Frost’s Court,” in “Suggestions for Pageants from Dramatizations,” Parties Plus: Stunts and Entertainment for Wartime Recreation, ed. Ethel Bowers, 1942. (HathiTrust) (Queen of Hearts)
“Jack Frost Gives Chase to Great‐Grandfather,” ch. 1 of I Fell Among Farmers, by Lola Waterman Sigel, 1950. (HathiTrust)
“Jack Frost Is on th’ Way” (poem), Black on the Rainbow, by Dorothy Lee Dickens, 1952. (HathiTrust)
Frost King/King Frost
“The Frost King,” Poems, by Charles Smith, 1815. (HathiTrust)
“Sigismund, or the Frozen Forest,” by John Finlay, excerpted posthumously in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 2, no. 8, Nov. 1817. (HathiTrust)
“Autumn,” Poems, by L. H. S. [Lydia Sigourney], (May) 1834. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“The Frost King: A Fantasia,” by W. Bartholomew, music by Miſs Mounsey, [1836?]. (HathiTrust)
“King Frost” (poem), by Charles Swain, The Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c., no. 1047, 11 Feb. 1837. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Mind and Other Poems, 1841, 244–45.
“Frost and the Flower‐Garden,” by Lydia H. Sigourney (as L. H. S.), The New‐Yorker, vol. 4, no. 15, whole no. 93, 30 Dec. 1837. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in Select Poems, 3rd ed., 1838, 54–56.
“Lyrics by Nemo No. 25,” by H. G. A., The Star (London: James Bollaert), vol. 1, no. 26, 10 Feb. 1838, 107.
“The Conquests of King Frost,” as part of “A Familiar Letter to a Friend,” by Sarah Carter Edgarton, The Universalist and Ladies’ Repository, vol. 10, no. 8, Jan. 1842. (HathiTrust)
“The Frost‐King: or, The Power of Love,” Flower Fables, by Louisa May Alcott, 1855, 7–32. Reprinted as “The Frost‐King: or, The Power of Kindness,” in The Frost‐King; or, The Power of Kindness and How It Prevailed over Fear and Cruelty, [1858], 3–31.
“The Frost King’s Revel,” The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, and Other Poems, by Charles Sangster, 1856. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust)
“A New Theory of Frost: or The Story of the Frost‐King,” by A. E. Brackett, Student and Schoolmate, vol. 3, no. 4, Feb. 1857. (HathiTrust)
Reprinted in The Prize Poetical Speaker: Comprising a Select List of Choice Recitations and Readings from the Most Prominent Authors Specially Adapted for Schools and Entertainments, 1901. (Internet Archive)
“The Blue‐Bird’s Complaint,” The Friend of Youth, and Child’s Magazine, vol. 2 (new ser.), no. 13, Jan. 1861, 16–18.
“Frost and Thaw,” Punch, vol. 40, no. 1020, 26 Jan. 1861, 36.
“The Frost‐King,” Rhymes and Jingles, by Mary Mapes Dodge, 1874, 199–200. Possibly previously published in St. Nicholas. (HathiTrust)
“The Brook’s Song,” by Mrs. M. F. [Mary Frances?] Butts, St. Nicholas, vol. 11, no. 9, July 1884, 688.
“The Frost King and How the Fairies Conquered Him,” Lulu’s Library, vol. 2, by Louisa May Alcott, (1887,) 1901, 7–24.
“King Frost,” by Zelia M. Brown, Child‐Garden of Story, Song and Play, vol. 7, no. 3, Feb. 1899, 83 (HT)–85.
“A Goal of Hopes,” Birds Uncaged and Other Poems, by Burton L. Collins, 1901, 35–36.
“The Frost King,” John Nagle’s Philosophy, by John Nagle, 1901, unpaginated.
“The Runaway Shadows, or A Trick of Jack Frost,” by L. Frank Baum, 5 June 1901.
The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus, [12 Apr.] 1902.
“Why the Evergreen Trees Never Lose Their Leaves,” The Book of Nature Myths, by Florence Holbrook, (Nov.) 1902, 118–22.
“Another Santa Claus,” by Emma Bolenius, Story Time, American Motherhood, vol. 35, no. 6, Dec. 1912, 397–98.
“The Rout of the Frost King, Being a Veritable Account of His Overthrow by the Zephyrs,” The Rout of the Frost King & Other Fairy Poems, by Eugène Neustadt, illustrated by Harold Sichel, 1914, 1–16.
Ded Moroz is the East Slavic counterpart to Santa Claus, but in the most famous tale told of him, he acts more like Jack Frost or the Frost King, and public‐domain stories in English often even translate his name as King Frost. He is, nevertheless, portrayed as distinguishing a nice child from a naughty one, giving gifts (to the nice one), and driving a sleigh pulled by a team of six white horses. In the tale, he springs from one tree to another and has the power to make a young woman who was abandoned by her family in the cold forest become colder and colder. However, he takes pity on her when she does not complain and gives her jewels and a silver‐ and gold‐embroidered robe (or a fur coat with beaver trim in another version). When her family then leave her stepsisters in the same spot expecting similar gifts, Ded Moroz literally freezes the rude stepsister to death.
“Moroz Ivanovich” (Морозъ Ивановичъ), Tales of Grandfather Iriney (Сказки и разсказы дѣдушки Иринея), by Vladimir Odoyevsky (В. Ѳ. [Владиміръ Ѳедоровичъ] Одоевскій), 1841. (1894, HathiTrust) (1894, Google Books) (1895, HathiTrust) (1895, Google Books) (Wikisource)
“Frost” (Морозко), Russian Fairy Tales (Народныя Русскія сказки), vol. 4, by Alexander Afanasief, 1860. Two variants. (HathiTrust) (Google) (Internet Archive)
“Frost,” trans. W. R. S. Ralston, Russian Folk‐tales, 1873. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Google)
Poetic Views of the Slavonians About Nature (Поэтическія воззрѣнія Славянъ на природу), vol. 1, by Alexander Afanasief, 1865. Two different stories, at least one being Mari rather than Slavic. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Google)
Trans. W. R. S. Ralston, Russian Folk‐tales, 1873. (Internet Archive) (HathiTrust) (Google)
The Snow Maiden (play), by Alexander Ostrovsky, 1873.
The Daughter of the Snows (ballet), libretto by Marius Petipa, music by Ludwig Minkus, 1879.
The Snow Maiden (opera), by Nikolai Rimsky‐Korsakov, 1882.
“Jack Frost,” Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tzar: Collection of Russian Stories, trans. Edith Hodgetts, 1891. (Internet Archive)
“The Story of King Frost,” The Yellow Fairy Book, ed. Andrew Lang, 1894. (Internet Archive)
“The Man and Frost, or Three Wonderful Things” (Мужикъ и Морозъ, или Три чудесныя вещи), Этнографическое обозрѣніе, vol. 10, no. 37, 1898. (HathiTrust) (Google) (Internet Archive)
“The Story of King Frost,” Childhood’s Favorites and Fairy Stories, vol. 1, ed. Hamilton Wright Mabie, Young Folks’ Treasury in 12 Volumes, 1909, 492–95.
“King Frost,” More Russian Picture Tales, by Valery Carrick (d. 1942), trans. Nevill Forbes (d. 1929), 1914. (1920, Internet Archive)
“All Stops Out: New Year Russian Style,” by Mikhail Andrasha, and “The Testing of Snow Maiden” (52), by Leonid Lench, Soviet Life, no. 148, Jan. 1969. (HathiTrust)
“New Year’s Miracle,” by Gennadi Tsiferov, Soviet Life, no. 149, Feb. 1969. (HathiTrust)
“When Grandfather Frost Arrives,” by Marina Khachaturova, Soviet Life, no. 159, Dec. 1969. (HathiTrust)
Frost fairies/Frost spirits/Snow‐fairies/Ice fairies/Winter fairies/Snow sprites (Section abandoned due to overwhelming number of variables to research.)
• “Hrim Thor, or the Winter King: A Lapland Ballad,” Tales of Terror with an Introductory Dialogue, 1801. (U. Va.) (Google Books) (1808, Google Books) (1813, HathiTrust)
• “Petite and La Mennai,” Happy Hours at Hazel Nook; or, Cottage Stories, by Harriet Farley, 1853. (HathiTrust)
• “Ice Fairies,” by Phila A. Earle, Peterson’s Magazine, vol. 25, no. 6, June 1854. (HathiTrust)
• “The Ice Fairies,” by Mary L. Smith, Our Young Folks, vol. 2, no. 2, Feb. 1866, 70–74. (Internet Archive)
• “Bertha and the Frost‐Fairies,” Little White Mice Boy and Other Stories, by Mary Latham Clarke, 1870. (HathiTrust)
• “The Frost Fairies,” 1873.
• The story from St. Nicholas.
• “The Snow Sprites,” by Nathan D. Urner, The Continent, vol. 3, no. 9, whole no. 55, 28 Feb. 1883. (HathiTrust)
• “The Snow Fairies,” A Story Book of Science, by Lydia Hoyt Farmer, 1886. (HathiTrust)
• “The Frost King,” Jan. 1892.
• Santa Claus’ Daughter, 1892.
• “Dorothy’s Christmas Eve,” by Bertha Townsend Coler, Kindergarten News: For Everyone Interested in Child Life, vol. 7, no. 4, Dec. 1896. (HathiTrust)
• “Silvercap, King of the Frost Fairies,” by Alice J. Patterson, The Outlook, vol. 55, no. 1, 2 Jan. 1897. (HathiTrust)
• “The Snow‐Fairies” (song), Steele’s Primary Songs: A New and Original Collection, by Clarence T. Steele, 1898. (HathiTrust)
• “The Frost Fairies’ Song,” by A. T. W., Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 7, no. 1, Dec. 1898. (HathiTrust)
• “King Winter’s Harvest,” by Cora E. Harris, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 7, no. 2, Jan. 1899. (HathiTrust)
• “King Frost,” Feb. 1899.
• “The Brook’s Winter Palace (Adapted from Sir Launfal),” by [Thomas Chestre, adapted by] Zelia Margaret Brown, Child‐Garden of Story, Song, and Play, vol. 7, no. 3, Feb. 1899. (HathiTrust)
• “Snow Fairies,” by Maud Reid Paige, ca. 1901. (listing only, HathiTrust)
• “Song of the Snow Fairies,” Mother Goose’s Visit to Santa Claus, libretto by Lizzie DeArmond, music by I. H. Meredith, 1903. (listing only, in HathiTrust and Internet Archive)
• “The Frost Fairies,” In Quiet Times, by George Crosley, 1905. (HathiTrust)
• The Garden of Heart’s Delight: A Fairy Tale, by Ida M. Huntington, illustrated by Maginel Wright Enright, 1911. (Google Books)
• “A December Picture,” Winnipesaukee and Other Poems, by Eva Beede Odell, 1911. Brief allegorical mention of “snow‐sprites” who “dropped deep their feathery flakes of white.” (HathiTrust)
• “Frost Fairies,” In Winterland, libretto by Lizzie DeArmond, music by J. W. Lerman, ca. 1913. (listing only, in HathiTrust and Internet Archive)
• “Frost Fairies” (song), words by May Morgan, music by W. Otto Miessner, The Progressive Music Series: For Basal Use in Primary, Intermediate, and Grammar Grades, book two, 1914. (HathiTrust)
• “Mother Autumn and North Wind,” Children’s Plays, by Eleanor L. Skinner and Ada M. Skinner, 1918. The illustrations by Willy Pogány may not be in the public domain. (HathiTrust)
• Down the Chimney, by Shepherd Knapp, 1921.
• “Frost Fairies,” Songs of Home and Others, by Martha S. Baker, 1921. (HathiTrust)
• “Christmas Eve,” Five Plays and Five Pantomimes, by Sidney Baldwin, 1922. (HathiTrust)
• “Frost Fairies,” by Marian Maddy, Tappan Treasure Ship, ed. Gertrude Perry, 1929. (HathiTrust)
• Sally Soapbubble and Her Silver Fish, by Margaret E. Gross, 1940. (HathiTrust)
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