Amorimia exotropica
Amorimia exotropica
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Nomes popularesNome científicoAmorimia exotropica (Griseb.) W.R.AndersoSinônimosFamíliaMalpighiaceaeTipoNativa, não endêmica do Brasil.DescriçãoWoody vines to scandent shrubs; branches striated, sparsely lenticelate, lenticels whitish, sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous at age; stipules 0.7–1.2 mm long, triangular, interpetiolar on branches, epipetiolar on inflorescences, persistent to deciduous. Leaves opposite, reduced in inflorescences; petioles 8–15 mm long, canaliculated, sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous at age, eglandular; leaf blades 5–11.5 × 2–7 cm, plane, not bullate, elliptic to ovate, base rounded to obtuse, margin plane, apex acuminate, both sides glabrous, 1 pair of glands at base, 0.25–0.5 mm diam., 1–3 pairs of glands up to 1.5–4.0 mm of margins; midvein adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, 11 pairs of secondary veins, arching 15°, subopposite to alternate, adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, reticulum prominent on both sides. Thyrses (pseudoracemes) or panicles, axillary; main axis 6–18 cm long, flattened, irregularly longitudinally costate, sericeous-velutine; cincinni 26–42, 1-flowered, spirally alternate to decussate; reduced leaves elliptic, apex acute; bracts 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, ovate to lanceolate, plane, petiolate, parallel to the peduncle, 1–3 pairs of marginal glands, both sides sericeous-velutine; peduncle 2.5–4 × 0.4–0.5 mm, cylindrical, sericeous-velutine; bracteoles 2–3 × 0.5–1 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, concave, opposite, inserted bellow the apex of peduncles, spreading to the pedicel, eglandular to 1 pair of marginal glands, both sides sericeous-velutine. Flowers 1.2–1.3 mm diam. at anthesis; floral buds 3.5–4 × 3–3.5 mm at anthesis; pedicels 3.5–7.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, cylindrical, sericeous-velutine. Sepals 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.75 mm, ovate, appressed to the androecium, apex obtuse to rounded, straight to revolute at anthesis, adaxially sericeous-velutine, abaxially velutine; glands yellow turning orange or red, 2– 2.5 × 1–1.2 mm. Petals yellow turning orange, margin sinuate, anterior-lateral petals not overlapping; lateral petals patent at anthesis, limb 3.5–4.5 × 2–2.5 mm, elliptic, base truncate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine; claws 1.4–1.5 × 0.45–0.5 mm, plane, adaxially glabrous, abaxially velutine; posterior petal erect at anthesis, limb 3.5–4 × 2.5–3 mm, elliptic, base truncate, eglandular, adaxially sericeousvelutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine; claw 1.9–2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, plane, adaxially glabrous, abaxially velutine. Stamens 10, those opposite petals shorter than those opposite sepals; filaments 1.1–2.5 × 0.25 mm, connate ca. 0.5 mm long at base, glabrous; anthers monomorphic, straight, with a glandular connective, 0.75–1 × 0.48–0.5 mm, reflexed in anthesis, base, connective and apex pubescent. Ovary 1–1.4 × 1–1.4 mm, each carpel withprimordial dorsal and lateral wings, sericeous-velutine; styles 3, cylindrical at base and apex, parallel at base, divergent at middle, apex rounded, base sericeous-velutine, middle and apex glabrous, anterior style 1.25–1.3 mm long, posterior styles 1.45–1.5 mm long; stigma lateral, crateriform. Samaras green to ocher in vivo; dorsal wing 8–10 × 4.5–5 mm, trapezoidal with right angles and a subulate projection at apex, margin entire, sinuate, both sides sericeous-velutine; lateral wings 1.8–2 × 1.3–1.5 cm, flabelliform, margin entire, sinuate, upper angle 35°, lower angle 55° from the nut, both sides sericeous-velutine; nut 7.5–8 × 3.5–3.8mm, ovoid, sericeous-velutine; areole 7.5–8 × 3.3– 3.5 mm, ovate. Seeds 6–6.5 × 3.8–4 mm, testa smooth; embryo ovoid, cotyledons folded (ALMEIDA, 2017).CaracterísticaAmorimia exotropica is similar to A. coriacea and A. marítima due to its elliptic to ovate, sericeous-velutine, non-bullate leaf-blades, concave bracteoles, sepals appressed to the androecium, petal claws adaxially glabrous, eglandular posterior petal, posterior petal as long as the lateral petals, and anterior-lateral petals divergent. However, A. exotropica can be differentiated by its leaf-blades with 11 pairs of secondaty veins, bracteoles subopposite and inserted below the apex of the peduncle, petal claws abaxially velutine, anthers pubescent at base, connective and apex, and style apex rounded (ALMEIDA, 2017).Floração / frutificaçãoFloresce de novembro a fevereiro e frutifica de fevereiro a agosto (ALMEIDA, 2017).DispersãoHabitatDistribuição geográficaDistribuição GeográficaOcorrências confirmadas:Sudeste (São Paulo)Sul (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)Domínios Fitogeográficos Mata AtlânticaTipo de Vegetação Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Floresta Ombrófila (= Floresta Pluvial) (ALMEIDA, 2019).EtimologiaO epíteto faz referência à sua distribuição fora dos trópicos (ALMEIDA, 2017).PropriedadesFitoquímicaFitoterapiaFitoeconomiaInjúriaComentáriosBibliografiaALMEIDA, R.F. Amorimia in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.Disponível em: <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB8800>. Acesso em: 21 Nov. 2019ALMEIDA, R.F. Sistemática e diversificação de Amorimia (Malpighiaceae). Tese, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA. 2017. Disponível em:<http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/bitstream/tede/770/2/Almeida_2017_final_leve.pdf>.
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