Concerns over the safety of acetaminophen, commonly known by the brand name Tylenol, during pregnancy are growing, as new research raises questions about potential links to disorders such as autism and ADHD.

In recent years, several large-scale studies, including the Nurses’ Health Study II and the Boston Birth Cohort, have reported associations between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and higher rates of conditions like autism and ADHD in children. Some of the findings suggest the risk may be most pronounced when acetaminophen is taken frequently throughout the duration of pregnancy.

“Even with this body of evidence, the choice still belongs with parents. The precautionary principle may lead many to avoid using acetaminophen during pregnancy, especially since most low-grade fevers don’t require treatment. It remains reasonable, however, for pregnant women to use acetaminophen in certain scenarios,” said FDA Commissioner Marty Makary.

Despite these concerns, health officials claim that current evidence does not prove causation. While associations between the two have been observed, experts note that other factors, such as maternal illness, genetics, or environmental influences, may also contribute to the development of autism.

The issue recently gained political attention after President Trump and Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suggested at a news conference that Tylenol use in pregnancy could be linked to autism. This statement caused confusion among parents, especially since acetaminophen is still considered a Pregnancy Category B medication, recognized as safe for use during pregnancy.

Some animal studies have shown development issues due to acetaminophen. While these findings can be linked to traits present in individuals with autism and ADHD, translating animal data into human health remains a major scientific obstacle. 

For now, health authorities, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, continue to recommend acetaminophen as the safest over-the-counter pain reliever for pregnant women. Experts are stressing that association does not equal causation and that more research is needed before undoubtedly concluding that women should avoid acetaminophen altogether.