Chemistry Unit 3

Big Idea:

The historical development of the atomic structure and the significance of the placement of elements on the Periodic Table.

Address nuclear chemistry, including radiation, decay, fission, and fusion.

Student Expectations:

Priority TEKS

C.5(B) [Readiness] identify and explain the properties of chemical families, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals, using the Periodic Table.

C.6(C) calculate average atomic mass of an element using isotopic composition

Focus TEKS

C.5(A) [Supporting] explain the use of chemical and physical properties in the historical development of the Periodic Table

C.5(C) [Readiness] interpret periodic trends, including atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy, using the Periodic Table.

C.6(A) understand the experimental design and conclusions used in the development of modern atomic theory, including Dalton’s Postulates, Thomson’s discovery of electron properties, Rutherford’s nuclear atom, and Bohr’s nuclear atom

C.12(A) describe the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma radioactive decay processes in terms of balanced nuclear equations

C.12(B) compare fission and fusion reactions.

Ongoing TEKS

8.5(A) describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations, of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud

8.5(C) interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements

C.2(D) distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories

C.3(A) analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student

C.3(F) describe the history of chemistry and contributions of scientists

Student Learning Targets:

• I will compare and contrast fission and fusion reactions.
• I will describe the work of Mendeleev and modifications made by Moseley.
• I will use isotope notation to express the subatomic composition of atoms.
• I will calculate average atomic mass from natural abundance of isotopes and masses of individual atoms.
• I will list the relative charge, mass, and location of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• I will use the periodic table to identify metals, metalloids, and non­metals.
• I will identify and explain the properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases.
• I will use the periodic table to determine the number of valence electrons.
• I will use the periodic table to compare period and group trends of elements in reference to ionization energy, electronegativity, and the relative sizes of ions and atoms.
• I will discuss atomic structure (both historically and currently) and how it relates to atomic properties.
• I will describe the basic postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory.
• I will describe the key historical discoveries of J.J. Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr that led to the discovery of the structure of the atom.
• Advanced: I will relate these understandings to chemical bond types, molecular structures, and chemical formulas.

Essential Questions:

• How has each historic scientific discovery changed our understanding of the chemical and physical properties of matter and our use of the Periodic Table?
• How is the Periodic Table used to identify and explain periodic patterns (trends) among elements?
• In what ways can the Periodic Table be used to demonstrate chemical and physical patterns?
• In what ways can the types of radiation be distinguished?
• How do fission and fusion reactions compare and contrast?
• What information can be determined from interpreting a balanced nuclear equation?

Extra Information:

Adopted Textbook: Chemistry, Pearson

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