Chemistry Unit 11

Big Idea:

Introduce thermochemistry, the study of the transfer of heat energy, in physical changes and chemical reactions.

Student Expectations:

Priority TEKS

C.11(A) describe energy and its forms, including kinetic, potential, chemical, and thermal energies.

C.11(B) describe the law of conservation of energy and the processes of heat transfer in terms of calorimetry.

Focus TEKS

C.11(C) classify reactions as exothermic or endothermic and represent energy changes that occur in chemical reactions using thermochemical equations or graphical analysis.

C.11(D) perform calculations involving heat, mass, temperature change, and specific heat.

Ongoing TEKS

C.7(A) name ionic compounds containing main group or transition metals, covalent compounds, acids, and bases, using International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature rules.

C.7(B) write the chemical formulas of ionic compounds containing representative elements, transition metals and common polyatomic ions, covalent compounds, and acids, bases.

C.8(A) define and use the concept of a mole.

C.8(B) calculate the number of atoms or molecules in a sample of material using Avogadro's number.

C.1(C) demonstrate an understanding of the use and conservation of resources and the proper disposal or recycling of materials

C.2(B) know that scientific hypotheses are tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power that have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories

C.2(C) know that scientific theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well established and highly reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of science and new technologies are developed

C.2(D) distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories

C.3(D) evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment

C.3(E) describe the connection between chemistry and future careers

C.3(F) describe the history of chemistry and contributions of scientists

Student Learning Targets:

• I will define work and heat and apply it to internal energy.
• I will explain the difference between kinetic and potential energy
• I will state and interpret the First Law of Thermodynamics.
• I will determine the enthalpy change (∆H) of a reaction using calorimetry
• I will distinguish between endothermic and exothermic reactions.
• I will define enthalpy.
• I will calculate the heat of a reaction using thermochemical equations and stoichiometry.
• I will calculate ‘q’ for a reaction from calorimetric data.
• I will explain why + energy in = - energy out.
• I will perform calculations based on quantitative data.
• I will calculate ‘q’ for a reaction from Hess’s Law.
• I will modify reactions (flip, multiple, divide) and change their ∆H values accordingly.
• I will explain and apply Hess’s Law to calculate enthalpy of a reaction.
• I will calculate ‘q’ for a reaction from enthalpies of formation
• I will write the equation that expresses the standard enthalpy of formation of a compound.
• I will define standard enthalpy of formation and use those values to calculate enthalpy of a reaction.
• I will define, measure, and calculate the energy involved in chemical changes.
• I will define the SI unit of energy ‘joule’ and relate it to the calorie.
• I will define heat and explain the sign of ‘q’ with respect to the system.
• I will mathematically relate the heat flow to specific heat, mass, and change in temperature.
• I will describe how a calorimeter is used to measure energy absorbed or released.
• I will write and interpret thermochemical equations and use them to calculate changes in enthalpy (∆H) of a reaction.
• I will distinguish between the system and surroundings
• I will distinguish between endothermic and exothermic reactions.
• I will describe how energy is lost or gained during changes of state
• I will interpret a heating curve.
• I will calculate the heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction.

Essential Questions:

• In what ways can the heat transfer in chemical reactions be measured?
• In what ways can the heat transfer in chemical reactions be calculated?
• In what ways can the heat transfer in chemical reactions be described?

Extra Information:

Adopted Textbook: Chemistry, Pearson

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