AP Chemistry Unit 0: Summer

Big Idea:

Changes in matter involve the rearrangement and/or reorganization of atoms and/or the transfer of electrons.

Student Expectations:

Focus Standards

Enduring understanding 3.A: Chemical changes are represented by a balanced chemical equation that identifies the ratios with which reactants react and products form.

Essential knowledge

• 3.A.1: A chemical change may be represented by a molecular, ionic, or net ionic equation.
• 3.A.2: Quantitative information can be derived from stoichiometric calculations that utilize the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equations. The role of stoichiometry in real-world applications is important to note, so that it does not seem to be simply an exercise done only by chemists.

Enduring understanding 3.B: Chemical reactions can be classified by considering what the reactants are, what the products are, or how they change from one into the other. Classes of chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions.

Essential knowledge

• 3.B.1: Synthesis reactions are those in which atoms and/or molecules combine to form a new compound. Decomposition is the reverse of synthesis, a process whereby molecules are decomposed, often by the use of heat.
• 3.B.2: In a neutralization reaction, protons are transferred from an acid to a base.
• 3.B.3: In oxidation-reduction redox) reactions, there is a net transfer of electrons. The species that loses electrons is oxidized, and the species that gains electrons is reduced.

Ongoing Standards

Science Practice 1 The student can use representations and models to communicate scientific phenomena and solve scientific problems.

Science Practice 7 The student is able to connect and relate knowledge across various scales, concepts and representations in and across domains.

Science Practice 2 The student can use mathematics appropriately.

Science Practice 4 The student can plan and implement data collection strategies in relation to a particular scientific question. (Note: Data can be collected from many different sources, e.g., investigations, scientific observations, the findings of others, historic reconstruction and/or archived data.)

Student Learning Targets:

• Translate among macroscopic observations of change, chemical equations, and particle views. [LO 3.1, SP 1.5, SP 7.1]
• Translate an observed chemical change into a balanced chemical equation, and justify the choice of equation type (molecular, ionic, or net ionic) in terms of utility for the given circumstances. [LO 3.2, SP 1.5, SP 7.1]
• Use stoichiometric calculations to predict the results of performing a reaction in the laboratory and/or to analyze deviations from the expected results. [LO 3.3, SP 2.2, SP 5.1]
• Relate quantities (measured mass of substances, volumes of solutions, or volumes and pressures of gases) to identify stoichiometric relationships for a reaction, including situations involving limiting reactants and situations in which the reaction has not gone to completion. [LO 3.4, SP 2.2, SP 5.1, SP 6.4]
• Relate quantities (measured mass of substances, volumes of solutions, or volumes and pressures of gases) to identify stoichiometric relationships for a reaction, including situations involving limiting reactants and situations in which the reaction has not gone to completion. [LO 3.4, SP 2.2, SP 5.1, SP 6.4]
• Design, and/or interpret data from, an experiment that uses gravimetric analysis to determine the concentration of an analyte in a solution. [LO 1.19, SP 4.2, SP 5.1, SP 6.4]
• Design a plan in order to collect data on the synthesis or decomposition of a compound to confirm the conservation of matter and the law of definite proportions. [LO 3.5, SP 2.1, SP 4.2, SP 6.4]
• Use data from synthesis or decomposition of a compound to confirm the conservation of matter and the law of definite proportions. [LO 3.6, SP 2.2, SP 6.1]
• Justify the observation that the ratio of the masses of the constituent elements in any pure sample of that compound is always identical on the basis of the atomic molecular theory. [LO 1.1, SP 6.1]
• Select and apply mathematical routines to mass data to identify or infer the composition of pure substances and/or mixtures. [LO 1.2, SP 2.2]
• Select and apply mathematical relationships to mass data in order to justify a claim regarding the identity and/or estimated purity of a substance. [LO 1.3, SP 2.2, SP 6.1]
• Relate quantities (measured mass of substances, volumes of solutions, or volumes and pressures of gases) to identify stoichiometric relationships for a reaction, including situations involving limiting reactants and situations in which the reaction has not gone to completion. [LO 3.4, SP 2.2, SP 5.1, SP 6.4]

Essential Questions:

• Brass was used in ancient times for currency and in art. The composition of the alloy can help archeologists determine the age and its creator. How is the composition determined?
• How do chemical engineers ensure that expensive reactants are completely used in a manufacturing process?

Extra Information:

Adopted Textbook:

District Grading Policy

Texas Gateway Online Resource Center