AP Biology Unit 9

Plant Form & Function

Big Idea 4: System - Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.

4.A: Interactions within biological systems lead to complex properties.

4.C: Naturally occurring diversity among and between components within biological systems affects interactions with the environment.

4.A.4: Organisms exhibit complex properties due to interactions between their constituent parts.

4.A.5: Communities are composed of populations of organisms that interact in complex ways.

4.C.1: Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.

4.C.2: Environmental factors influence the expression of the genotype in an organism.

4.C.3: The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics.

4.C.4: The diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence the stability of the ecosystem.

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

- The function of xylem and phloem tissue.

- The specific functions of tracheids, vessels, sieve-tube elements, and companion cells.

- The correlation between primary growth and apical meristems versus secondary growth and lateral meristems.

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

- The role of passive transport, active transport, and contrasport in plant transport.

- The role of diffusion, active transport, and bulk flow in the movement of water and nutrients in plants.

- How the transpiration cohesion-tension mechanism explains water movement in plants.

- How pressure flow explains translocation.

Soil and Plant Nutrition

- The difference between macronutrients and micronutrients.

- The importance of mutualistic relationships between plant roots and the bacteria and fungi that grow in the rhizosphere.

- Examples of non-mutualistic nutritional adaptations in plants.

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

- The three steps to a signal transduction pathway.

- The role of auxins in plants.

- The survival benefits of phototropism and gravitropism.

- How photoperiodism determines when flowering occurs.

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