Números del CIDE Anterior #47 Siguiente #49
Financiamiento para la investigación
Es tiempo de encontrar el financiamiento para poner en marcha nuestro proyecto de investigación, en esta fase se sugiere construir el siguiente producto:
Reporte de investigación sobre las instituciones que otorgan becas y financiamiento a la investigación en nuestro campo.
Las fuentes de financiamiento para realizar investigación se pueden clasificar por su disponibilidad geográfica en:
a) El propio investigador.
b) La familia del investigador.
c) Las fundaciones locales para el apoyo a la educación.
d) Las instituciones o centros donde desarrolla sus labores cotidianas el investigador.
e) Las dependencias gubernamentales locales y estatales.
f) Las organizaciones no gubernamentales locales o regionales interesadas en el trabajo del investigador
g) Patronatos, fideicomisos, cámaras de comercio, asociaciones de profesionistas, asociaciones de productores, etc.
h) Mecenas o patrocinadores filántropos.
En México, existe un sistema de apoyo a la investigación constituido en relación con el Consejo Nacional de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (Conacyt), donde participan instituciones gubernamentales de las entidades federativa que se ubican en la región donde se desarrollará la investigación, cuyas convocatorias para acceder a financiamiento de proyectos de investigación y becas pueden encontrarse en la página del Conacyt (http://www.conacyt.mx/fondos/Paginas/default.aspx), algunas de las convocatorias se localizan con los siguientes nombres:
a) Fondos Sectoriales
b) Fondos Mixtos
c) Fondos de Cooperación Internacional
d) Fondo Institucional de Fomento Regional
e) Fondos Institucionales
f) Formación de Científicos y Tecnólogos
g) Ciencia
h) Tecnología
Los Fondos Sectoriales son fideicomisos que las dependencias y las entidades de la Administración Pública Federal conjuntamente con el CONACYT pueden constituir para destinar recursos a la investigación científica y al desarrollo tecnológico en el ámbito sectorial correspondiente. El objetivo de estos fondos es promover el desarrollo y la consolidación de las capacidades científicas y tecnológicas en beneficio de los sectores a la vez que canalizan recursos para coadyuvar al desarrollo integral de los sectores económicos mediante acciones científicas y tecnológicas.
Estos fondos van dirigidos a las universidades e instituciones de educación superior públicas y particulares, centros, laboratorios, empresas públicas y privadas y demás personas que se encuentren inscritas en el Registro Nacional de Instituciones y Empresas Científicas y Tecnológicas que puedan brindar soluciones científicas y/o tecnológicas a las problemáticas de los sectores
Algunas de las instituciones que participan con el consejo mexicano de ciencia y tecnología para constituir fondos sectoriales son; Sagarpa-Conacyt, Secretaría de Gobernación (Segob-Conacyt), Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (Sedesol-Conacyt), Secretaría del medio ambiente y recursos naturales (Semarnat-Conacyt), Secretaría de Economía-Conacyt, Conafovi-Conacyt, CNA. (Comisión nacional del Agua), SSA (Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia), Conafor (Comisión Nacional Forestal http://www.conafor.gob.mx/portal/index.php/tramites-y-servicios/convocatorias/163), Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, entre otras.
Existen una inmensa diversidad de organizaciones internacionales que destinan recursos para el apoyo a proyectos de investigación y otras que de manera indirecta, son un puente entre los investigadores y las instituciones financieras. Un ejemplo es organización denominada SIMBIOTA, la cual fue fundada en 1989 por un grupo de estudiantes de posgrado de la Universidad de Wisconsin.
SIMBIOTA recibe apoyo de la asociación de estudiantes de Madison (Associated Students of Madison); de la Escuela de Recursos Naturales de la Universidad de Wisconsin (School of Natural Resources at the University of Wisconsin); de la Oficina de Asuntos Internacionales de los Estados Unidos, por medio del servicio de pesquerías y vida silvestre (Office of International Affairs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service); y del departamento de Vida Silvestre y Ecología de la Universidad de Wisconsin (Departament of Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison).
La organización SIMBIOTA, publica un listado con 89 instituciones internacionales que aportan fondos para proyectos de investigación y desarrollo para Biólogos de Campo y Conservacionistas en el Neotrópico (http://wildlife.wisc.edu/simbiota/s-lista.htm).
Los aspectos informativos de cada una de las organizaciones que aparecen en la lista son:
a) Área de financiamiento
b) Énfasis
c) Tipo de financiamiento
d) Restricciones para el financiamiento
e) Si financia a organizaciones o a individuos
f) Monto del financiamiento
g) Ejemplo de financiamiento reciente
h) Fecha de vencimiento para solicitudes
i) Idioma en que se deben enviar las solicitudes
j) Documentos que se requiere presentar
k) Dirección de la organización financiera
l) Vía para establecer contacto con la institución (Teléfono, fax, correo electrónico, postal)
m) Algunos datos y comentarios sobre la institución
Para efecto de obtener recursos para la investigación, se requiere desarrollar la habilidad para ubicar las instituciones financieras, existe suficiente literatura al respecto, por ejemplo: Damon (Damon AJ. 1995. A Guide to grants, fellowships, and scholarships in international forestry and natural resources. USDA Forest Service. Seanexa una copia de este libro al presente) publica una guía para la obtención de donativos, apoyos y becas a estudiantes e investigadores en el área forestal y de manejo de recursos naturales.
Esta guía contiene información sobre la disponibilidad de fondos en el ámbito mundial para estudios en el área forestal y de recursos naturales, para estudiantes de los niveles de licenciatura, maestría, doctorado, postdoctorado, investigadores libres, profesionales y administradores de donaciones de organizaciones no gubernamentales, instituciones educativas y corporaciones privadas.
Damon ofrece una relación de instituciones internacionales que financian proyectos de investigación o apoyos en forma de becas para estudiantes de todo el mundo, entre ellas:
1) La fundación Aga Kahn.
2)La Asociación Americana para el Avance de la Ciencia (AAAS).
3)El instituto Americano de Estudios Indígenas.
4) La Sociedad Americana de Filosofía.
5)La fundación Americana-Escandinava (ASF).
6)El Centro del Atlántico para el Ambiente.
7) El Instituto Asiático de Tecnología.
8)La Fundación Bernard Lowy para el estudio de la Botánica Tropical en América Latina.
9)La Agencia Internacional Canadiense para el Desarrollo (CIDA).
10)El Centro para la Investigación de Campo (CFR).
11)El consejo para el Intercambio Internacional de Estudiantes (CIES).
12) La fundación Crystal Channel.
13) La fundación Ford.
14) El Instituto de Investigación tropical de Malasia (FRIM).
15) El Garden Club of Amércia.
16) La Fundación de Servicios Generales (GSF).
17)La fundación Wallace Alexander Gerbode.
18) La Fundación Interamericana (IAF).
19)El Instituto de Educación Internacional (IIE).
20)El Consejo Internacional para la Investigación en Agroforestería (ICRAF).
21)El Centro Internacional para el Desarrollo (IDRC).
22)El Consejo Internacional para la Investigación en Arboricultura (ISA).
23)La Organización Internacional para la Madera (ITTO).
24)La Unión Internacional de Organizaciones para la Investigación Forestal (IUFRO).
25)La Organización de Becas Latinoamericanas para Universidades Americanas (LASPAU).
26)La fundación Charles A y Ane Morrow Lindbergh.
27)La Fundación John D. y Catherine T. MacArthur.
28)La fundación de la Universidad de Miami de Apoyos par la Herencia Global.
29)El Consejo Nacional para la Investigación (NRC).
30)La Fundación Nacional de las Ciencias (NSF).
31)La Organización para Estudios Tropicales (OTS).
32) Los Amigos de las Américas.
33)La Alianza para los Bosques Tropicales.
34)La Fundación Recursos Para el Futuro (RFF).
35) El Instituto Smithsoniano.
36)El Instituto Smithsoniano para la Investigación Tropical.
37) La Fundación Thinker.
38) La fundación Toyota.
39) El Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Ambiente (UNEP).
40)La Agencia Norteamericana para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID).
41)El Departamento de Agricultura de USA (USDA).
42) El Departamento de Energía de USA (US-DOE).
43) La Agencia Norteamericana para la Protección del Ambiente (US-EPA).
44) El Banco Mundial (WB).
45)La Fundación para la Vida Silvestre (WWF).
46)La Sociedad Japonesa para la Promoción de la Ciencia (JSPS) (Nihon Gakujutsu Shino-kai).
47)El secretariado de la UNESCO del Hombre y la Biosfera (MAB).
48)La Sociedad Japonesa para la Conservación de la Naturaleza.
49) La UNESCO.
50) La Asociación Americana de Trabajo sobre el Agua.
51)El Consejo Australiano de Investigación.
52)La Unversidad de California (Berkeley).
53) El centro Este-Oeste (EWC).
54) El comité de la Fundación Charle Bullard para la Investigación Forestal de la Universidad de Harvard.
55) La Universidad de Illinois.
56)El Instituto Internacional para estudios Aplicados a Sistemas.
57) La Fundación W.K. Kellog.
58)El Centro Nacional para la Investigación Atmosférica.
59) La Administración Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio (NASA).
60) El Instituto Oxford de Bosques.
61) El gobierno de Quebec, Canadá.
62) La Fundación Rockefeller.
63)La Universidad de Brunei Darussalam.
64)La Fundación para la Educación Americana de Mujeres Universitarias (AAUW).
65) La organización Sigma Delta Epsilón de mujeres graduadas en Ciencia.
66)La Federación de Mujeres Unievrsitarias (IFUW).
67)El Grupo de Voluntarios del Banco Mundial.
68) La Universidad Brown.
69) La Fundación Danforth.
70)El Comité de Cooperación Institucional.
71) La Fundación Nacional de Becas para Hispanos.
Tanto en el ámbito nacional como en el internacional, una buena proporción de los fondos dedicados al financiamiento para la investigación quedan si ser utilizados, mientras que en las instituciones nacionales la discusión sigue siendo el porcentaje del PIB que dedica el país a la investigación, los recursos siguen sin utilizarse o bien son utilizados para “apoyar” a los amigos y parientes de los investigadores que forman las comisiones para evaluar los proyectos propuestos.
Así, mientras seguimos quejándonos de que hace falta dinero para investigación, es poco dinero que se tiene es subutilizado y a veces usado en proyectos que no tienen la mínima calidad. Ahora la discusión debe cambiar hacia el papel de nosotros como aprendices de investigadores para la gestión de los recursos necesarios para nuestra actividad, desde luego que esto tiene que ver con el desarrollo de las competencias relativas con la gestión y en México esto se relaciona con aspectos administrativos y burocráticos, pero si requerimos de un presupuesto, debemos construir estas competencias.
Para la elaboración del “Reporte de investigación sobre las instituciones que otorgan becas y financiamiento a la investigación en su campo” se sugiere seguir la siguiente estrategia:
1 Acuda a los artículos científicos (reportes de investigación original y revisiones de literatura) que conforman el núcleo de información que ha gestionado previamente sobre su objeto de estudios.
2 Tome el primero de los artículos y mediante observación de la sección de agradecimientos (que se ubica en la parte final del cuerpo del trabajo, antes de la lista de referencias) y en esta parte proceda a identificar las instituciones a las que se agradece por el financiamiento para la realización del trabajo que originó la publicación.
3 Abra una hoja de cálculo (tabla de Excel®), coloque en la primera columna la ficha bibliográfica del primer artículo.
4 Coloque en la segunda columna el encabezado de “institución financiadora” y debajo de ésta escriba el nombre de la primera de las instituciones citadas en el artículo, si se tratad de más duna institución colóquela en la siguiente columna
5 Proceda de la misma manera con el resto de los documentos hasta concluir con el registro de las instituciones que actualmente están otorgando recursos para que se haga investigación en el campo de estudios en que usted está incursionado.
6 Con sus resultados elabore un reporte de investigación en que señale las fuentes de financiamiento a las que usted podría acudir para gestionar recursos para su trabajo.
7 Acuda a la página de Internet de las instituciones que considere más viables para solicitar apoyo financiero.
8 Encuentre las convocatorias que están abiertas en este momento para solicitar recursos económicos para su trabajo de investigación.
9 Encuentre las convocatorias que actualmente están abiertas para solicitar becas para estudiantes en el campo que usted ha seleccionado.
10 Encuentre las convocatorias para solicitar recursos para otros aspectos relacionados con su trabajo de investigación, por ejemplo: Para acudir a congresos, para editar libros, para organizar eventos científicos, etc.
11 Con esta información elabore el reporte de investigación y proceda a enviar su protocolo de investigación a la institución o instituciones que considere pertinentes para solicitarles apoyo de acuerdo con los criterios que éstas establecen.
Si requiere mayor información sobre instituciones financiadoras de proyectos de investigación, gestione libros y documentos como los que se enlistan en seguida:
Lista de referencias relacionadas con instituciones que ofrecen financiamiento para la investigación
American College Testing Program. 1993. Applying for Financial Aid. ACP, PO Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243, 319-337-1410. (annual). [Free financial aid information for students/parents].
American Council on Education. International Visitors Guide to U.S. Higher Education, Financing Higher Education for Non-Traditional Students. Division of International Education, American Council on Education, Suite 800, One Dupont Circle, Washington, DC 20036.
American Council on Education. The Complete Grants Sourcebook for Higher Education, American Council on Education, One Dupont Circle, Washington, DC 20036.
American Philosophical Association. 1993. Grants and Fellowships 66(7):93-129, June 1993. Newark, DE.
Anon. Annual Register of Grant Support: A Guide To Support Programs of Government Agencies, Foundations, and Business and Professional Organizations. Wilmette, IL (National Register).
Anon. 1990. Resource Guide to Student Financial Aid. Grayco Publishing, PO Box 1291, West Warwick, RI, 1st edition.
Anon. 1992. The Federal Educational and Scholarship Funding Guide. Grayco Publishing, PO Box 1291, West Warwick, RI 02893, 3rd edition.
Anon. Directory of Research Grants, Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ.
Anon. Financial Aid for Minorities: Awards Open to Students with Any Major, Financial Aid for Minorities in Engineering and Science, Garrett Park Press, P.O. Box 190F, Garrett Park, MD.
Anon. The Grants Register, St. Martin's Press, 175 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Arndt, Richard T., and David Lee Rubin. 1993. The Fulbright Difference, 1948-1992. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 490 pages.
Academic Research Information System. ARIS Funding Messages: Social and Natural Sciences Report. ARIS; San Francisco, CA.
Association for Women in Science. Grants at a Glance AWS, 1522 K St., N.W., Suite 820, Washington, DC 20005.
Barnes, Gregory A. 1993. The International Student's Guide to the American University. National Textbook Company, Lincolnwood, IL, 208 pages.
Barron's Educational Series. 1993. Profiles of American Colleges. Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 250 Wireless Blvd., Hauppauge, NY, 19th edition, 1,800 pages. [1,500 colleges, costs and financial aid information].
Beckles, Frances N. 1993. The Green Book: A Comprehensive Directory of Public and Private Scholarships in Maryland. College Cost Consulting, 41 pages.
Blouin, Melissa, and Deborah C. Fort. 1992. Grants at a Glance,A Directory of Funding and Financial Aid Resources for Women in Science. Association for Women in Science (AWIS), 2401 Virginia Avenue, NW, Suite 303, Washington, DC 20037, 2nd edition, 115 pages.
Blum, Laurie. 1987. Free Money for Science Students. Paragon House Publishers.
Blum, Laurie. 1991. Free Money for Foreign Study. Facts on File, 460 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, 262 pages. [A guide to more than 1,000 scholarships and grants for study abroad].
Blum, Laurie. 1992. Free Money for Private Schools. Simon & Schuster, New York, 196 pages. $12.00.
Blum, Laurie. 1992. Free Money for College. Facts on File, 460 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, 3rd edition. [Lists more than 1,000 grants and scholarships for undergraduate students].
Blum, Laurie. 1993. Free Money for College from the Government. Henry Holt and Co., New York, NY 10011, 1st edition, 201 pages. Over 400 listings of Federal and State funding programs.
Blum, Laurie. 1993. Free Money for Graduate School. Henry Holt and Co., New York, NY 10011, 300 pages.
Blum, Laurie. 1993. Free Money from Colleges and Universities. Henry Holt and Co., New York, NY 10011, 1st edition, 175 pages.
Bowker, R. R. Annual Register of Grant Support: A Directory of Funding Sources, 26th edition, New Providence, NJ 07974.
Bowker, R. R. 1993. Annual Register of Grant Support: A Directory of Funding Resources. Reed Reference Publishing Company, Providence, RI, 26th edition. [3,000 U.S. grantmaking organizations; includes predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships].
Bowman, Linda. 1991. How to go to College for Free. Probus Publishing Company, Chicago, IL, 170 pages.
Byron W. Story. 1990. The Complete Guide to Sources of Financial Assistance: Cash Grants, Scholarships, and Fellowships for Almost Any Purpose. BWS Research Corp., Arlington, VA, 69 pages.
Canada, Government. 1993. Canadian Studies Graduate Fellowship Program. Canadian Embassy, 501 Pennsylvania Avenue, Academic Relations, Washington, DC 20001; (202) 682-1740. [Programs for U.S. citizens studying in Canada].
Capitol Publications. Federal Grants And Contracts Weekly. Capitol Publications; Arlington, VA.
Carpenter, Donna Sammons. 1992. Bright Ideas: The Ins and Outs of Financing a College Education. Simon & Schuster, NY, 256 pages. $11.00.
Cass, James, and Max Birnbaum. 1993. Comparative Guide to American Colleges. Harper Collins Publishers, New York, NY, 15th edition, 896 pages. [Profiles of all accredited four-year colleges in America].
Cassidy, Daniel J. 1993. The International Scholarship Book: The Complete Guide to Financial Aid for Study Abroad. Career Press, Hawthorne, NJ, 3rd edition, ISBN 1564141128. $24.95. [Scholarships and fellowships for study abroad].
Cassidy, Daniel J. 1993. The Graduate Scholarship Book: The Complete Guide to Scholarships, Fellowships, Grants and Loans for Graduate and Professional Studies. Career Press, Hawthorne, NJ, 3rd edition, 369 pages. $24.95. [Domestic and international fellowships for predoctoral and postdoctoral students. National Scholarship Research Service (NSRS) data base compilation].
Cassidy, Daniel J., and Michael J. Alves. 1993. The Scholarship Book: The Complete Guide to Private Sector Scholarships, Grants, and Loans for Undergraduates. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 4th edition, ISBN 0137995458, 400 pages.. $19.95. [Domestic and international scholarships for undergraduate students].
Castaneda, Marcia. 1992. The Consumer Guide to College Funding. United Resource Press, Irvine, CA, 227 pages.
Center for Economic Development Research & Assistance. Directory of Grant Support and Technical Assistance for Native Americans, Center for Economic Development Research & Assistance, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001.
Chandler, Lana J., and Michael D. Boggs. 1990. The Student Loan Handbook. Betterway Publications, White Hall, VA, 2nd edition, 167 pages.
Chronicle Financial Aid Guide 1993-94. Chronicle Guidance Publications, Inc., 66 Aurora Street, P.O. Box 1190, Moravia, NY, 1993. $19.97 plus $2 postage and handling. Order number 502A. [Information on more than 1,600 financial aid programs (also state and regional programs)].
Chronicle Four Year College Databook 1993-94. Chronicle Guidance Publications, Inc., 66 Aurora Street, P.O. Box 1190, Moravia, NY 13118-1190, (800) 622-7284; (315) 497-0330, 1993 (annual). $19.99 plus $2 S&H. Order number 502CM4. [Costs of tuition etc. for more than 2,000 colleges and universities].
Chronicle Student Aid Annual. Chronicle Guidance Publications, Inc., 66 Aurora Street, P.O. Box 1190, Moravia, NY. $19.95. [2,000 financial aid programs for undergraduate, predoctoral and postdoctoral students].
College Entrance Examination Board. 1994. College Costs and Financial Aid Handbook 1995. College Board Publications, Box 886, New York, NY 10101, 1993 (annual), 301 pages. $16.00. [Student expenses at more than 3,500 two and four-year colleges and universities].
College Research Group. College Financial Aid Annual, College Research Group, Simon and Schuster, 200 Old Tappan Road, Old Tappan, NJ.
Council on Foundations. Foundation News. Council on Foundations, Washington, DC, Weekly periodical.
Council of Graduate Schools. Graduate Student Financial Support. Council of Graduate Schools, One Dupont Circle, N.W., Suite 430, Washington, DC 20036-1173.
Daniels, P. K., and C. A. Schwartz. 1994. The Encyclopedia of Associations Volumes 1-3. (U.S.). (Linda Irvin (ed.); 27th. Edition. Gale Research; Rockville, MD.
Darby, Anthony. 1992. The Great American National Scholarships and Grants Guide: A Student's Guide to Financial Assistance. Delaren Enterprises, West Bloomfield, MI, 129 pages.
Dennis, Marguerite J. 1992. Complete College Financing Guide. Barron's Education Series, Inc., 250 Wireless Blvd., Hauppauge, NY, 2nd edition, 251 pages.
Dennis, Marguerite J. 1993. Keys to Financing a College Education. Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 250 Wireless Blvd., Hauppauge, NY, 2nd edition, 140 pages.
Doss, Martha Merrill. (Ed.). 1990. Directory of Special Opportunities for Women. Garrett Park Press, P.O. Box 190, Garrett Park, MD 20896, 290 pages. [Lists more than 1,000 organizations providing financial assistance for women re-entering the workforce].
Duffy, James P. 1991. Cutting College Costs. The Career Press, Hawthorne, NJ. (2nd edition), 251 pages.
Educational Facilitators. 1990. Dollars for College: A Handbook of Financial Aid Sources for Minority Students. Educational Facilitators, Chicago, IL, 122 pages.
Ehrhart, Julie Kuhn, and Bernice R. Sandler. 1991. Financial Aid: A Partial List of Resources for Women. Association of American Colleges, 1818 R Street, NW, Washington, DC 20009, 4th edition.
The Environmental Data Research Institute. 1995. Environmental Grantmaking Foundations. EDRI; Rochester, New York, NY.
Federal Register. Washington, DC, Weekly periodical. Contains updated information about federal grants programs.
Federal Student Aid Information Center. 1990. The Student Guide: Five Federal Financial Aid Programs. Federal Student Aid Information Center, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, or Federal Student Aid Information Center, P.O. Box 84, Washington, DC 20044-0084, [annual, free; Call: 1-800-4FED-AID (1-800-433-3243)].
Feingold, S. Norman, and Marie Feingold. 1992. Scholarships, Fellowships, and Loans. Bellman Publishing Company, Bethesda, MD, 9th edition, 19921993.
Foundation Center. COMSEARCH Printouts: Subjects Foundation Funding. The Foundation Center; New York, NY.
Foundation Center. 1993. Grants for Women and Girls. Foundation Center, 79 Fifth Avenue, Department XL, New York, NY.
Foundation Center. 1994. Foundation Directory. Foundation Center, 79 Fifth Avenue, Department XL, New York, NY, 20th edition. [Lists more than 32,500 grant sponsors].
Foundation Center. 1994. Grant$ for Scholarships, Student Aid, and Loans. Foundation Center, 79 Fifth Avenue, Department XL, New York, NY 10003-3076. $65.00. [Grants to organizations that provide scholarships and student aid].
Foundation Center. 1994. The Foundation Grants Index. Foundation Center, 79 Fifth Avenue, Department XL, New York, NY, 22nd edition. [Lists about 60,000 grant providing programs from 950 of the largest foundations].
The Foundation Center. 1995. The Environmental Grant Makers Directory. The Foundation Center; New York, NY.
Gale Publishing. Scholarships, Fellowships, and Loans. 9th. Edition. Gale Publishing; Rockville, MD.
Gale Research. 1993. Encyclopedia of Associations. Gale Research, Inc., 835 Penobscot Building, Detroit, MI 48226, (800) 877-4253, 27th edition. [Lists more than 23,000 national and international organizations in several volumes].
Hauptman, Arthur M. 1990. The Tuition Dilemma: Assessing New Ways to Pay for College. Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 104 pages.
Horton, Joseph H. 1992. Grants, Scholarships, Fellowships, Loans: Selected Financial Aid and Other Opportunities to Help Minorities, Women, and High School Students Achieve Their Educational Goals. Lewisville, NC, 1st edition, 195 pages.
Howard, E. Marguerite. 1990. Vacation Study Abroad. Institute of International Education, New York, (annual). $26.95. [Lists over 1,300 summer and short-term programs for study worldwide (U.S. colleges and universities, foreign institutions, and private organizations)].
Howell, Michael J. 1992. Winning scholarships: A Student's Guide to Entrance Awards at Ontario Universities and Colleges. University of Toronto Press, 257 pages.
Hurt, Huber William, Harriett Jeanne Hurt, and Christian E. Burckel. 1993. The College Blue Book, Scholarships, Fellowships, Grants and Loans, Volume 5, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. (24th edition), 855 pages. [Scholarships and fellowships for undergraduate, predoctoral, and postdoctoral students by discipline].
Institute of International Education. 1989. Fulbright and Other Grants for Graduate Study Abroad. IIE, U.S. Student Programs, 809 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY [Free, Lists grants for study and research abroad administered by the IIE].
Institute of International Education. Teaching Abroad. http://www.iie.org
Institute of International Education. Fulbright Grants for Study Abroad. http://www.iie.org/fulbright
Institute of International Education. U.S. Academic Year Abroad. http://www.iie.org/fulbright
Institute of International Education. Vacation Study Abroad. http://www.iie.org/fulbright [Available from: Institute of International Education, Communications Division, IIE, 809 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, 10017]
Institute of International Education. 1989. Financial Resources for International Study: A Definitive Guide to Organizations Offering Awards for Overseas Study. Peterson's Guides, Box 2123, Princeton, NJ, 252 pages. [Over 600 fellowships and paid internships for undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students].
Jaffe, David. 1993. The New College Financial Aid System: Making It Work for You. Council Oak Books, Tulsa, OK, 141 pages. $14.95.
Jankowski, K. The Directory of Corporate And Foundation Givers. A National Listing of the 8,000 Major Funding Sources for Non-Profits. The Taft Group; Rockville, MD.
Johnson, Willis L. 1990. Directory of Special Programs for Minority Group Members. Garrett Park Press, P.O. Box 190, Garrett Park, MD, 5th edition, 348 pages. $30.00.
Kantrowitz, Mark, and Joann P. DiGennaro. 1993. Prentice Hall Guide to Scholarships and Fellowships for Math and Science Students, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 325 pages. [Guide to scholarships, fellowships, internships, and study abroad for science, math, and engineering students].
Katz, L.S., Orrick, S., and R. Honig. 1993. Environmental Profiles: A Global Guide to Projects and People. Garland Publishing.
Keeslar, Oreon, and Judy Keesler Santamaria. Financial Aids for Higher Education Catalogue. 15th edition, William C. Brown Co., 2460 Kerper Boulevard, Dubuque, IA 52001.
Keeslar, Oreon Pierre, and Judy Keeslar Santamaria. 1993. Financial Aids for Higher Education. William C. Brown Co., Dubuque, IA, 15th edition, 688 pages. [Undergraduate scholarships].
Kennedy, Joyce Lain, and H. Davis. 1992. Student Financial Aid Emergency Kit 1993-94. Sun Features, Inc., Box 368II, Cardiff, CA 92007, 40 pages. $4.95 plus 55 cents S&H.
Kirby, Debra M. 1994. Scholarships, Fellowships, and Loans 1994-95: A Guide to Education-Related Financial Aid Programs for Students and Professionals. Gale Research, Inc., 835 Penobscot Building, Detroit, MI 48226, (800) 877-4253, 10th edition, 769 pages. $110.00. [Domestic and international fellowships for pre and postdoctoral students and faculty].
Kirby, Debra M., and Christa Brelin. 1994. Fund Your Way Through College: Uncovering 1,700 Great Opportunities in Undergraduate Financial Aid. Visible Ink Press, Detroit, MI, 731 pages. $19.95.
Klein, Deborah L. 1992. The A's and B's of Academic Scholarships 199394. Octameron Associates, P.O. Box 2748, Alexandria, VA 22301, (703) 836-5480, 15th edition, ISBN 0945981740, 139 pages. $7.00 plus $1.75 S&H.[University-controlled merit scholarships for four-year degrees].
Krefetz, Gerald. 1993. Paying for College. College Entrance Examination Board, Box 886, New York, NY 10101.
Laurenzo, Peter V. 1991. College Financial Aid: How to Get Your Fair Share. Hudson Financial Press, Albany, NY, 68 pages.
Leider, Robert, and Anna Leider. 1993. Don't Miss Out: The Ambitious Student's Guide to Financial Aid 1993-94. Octameron Associates, P.O. Box 2748, Alexandria, VA 22301, 17th edition, 117 pages. $7.00 plus $1.75 postage and handling.
Lovejoy, Clarence E., and Theodore S. Jones. College Scholarship Guide. Simon & Schuster, Inc. 125 pages. [Scholarships, fellowships, and loans from educational and fraternal groups, government, and industry].
McKee, Cynthia Ruiz, and Phillip C. McKee Jr. 1993. Ca$h for College: The Ultimate Guide to College Scholarships. Hearst Books, New York, 1st edition, 510 pages. $16.95.
McWade, Patricia. 1993. Financing Graduate School. Peterson's Guides, Box 2123, Princeton, NJ, 191 pages.
Mills, Carlotta R. 1993. Foundation Grants to Individuals, Foundation Center, New York, 8th edition, 538 pages.
Muto, Lisa M., and Paul A. Bohlmann. 1991. The Harvard College Guide to Grants. Office of Career Services, Harvard University, 54 Dunster St., Cambridge, MA 02138, 272 pages.
National Association for Foreign Student Affairs. 1991. Directory of Institutions and Individuals in International Educational Exchange. NAFSA, Washington, DC.
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National Wildlife Federation. 1995. Conservation Directory 1995, NWF, 1400 16th St. NW, Washington DC 20036-2266.
Octameron Associates, Inc. 1992. College Grants from Uncle Sam: Am I Eligible and for How Much? Octameron Associates, P.O. Box 2748, Alexandria, VA 22301, (703) 836-5480, 11th edition, 32 pages. $3.00.
Octameron Associates, Inc. 1992. College Loans from Uncle Sam: The Borrower's Guide that Explains It All. Octameron Associates, P.O. Box 2748, Alexandria, VA 22301, (703) 836-5480, 11th edition, 32 pages. $3.00. [Federal student loan programs: eligibility, deferments, loan forgiveness/consolidation, and repayment].
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Peterson's Guides. 1993. National College Databank: The College Book of Lists. Peterson's Guides, Box 2123, Princeton, NJ, 6th edition, 520 pages.
Peterson's Guides. 1993. Peterson's Top 1000 Private Sources of Financial Aid 1994: A Guide to Scholarships, Loans, and Grants. Peterson's Guides, Box 2123, Princeton, NJ, 524 pages.
Public Management Institute. Corporate 500: The Directory of Corporate Philanthropy. Gale Publishing; San Francisco, CA.
Ragins, Marianne. 1994. Winning Scholarships for College: An Insider's Guide. Henry Holt and Co., 115 West 18th Street, New York, NY.
Rosenwasser, Edward H. 1993. How to Obtain Maximum College Financial Aid. Login Pub Consortium, 7950 N. Stadium Drive #229, Houston, TX 77030, 3rd edition, 214 pages. $16.95.
Schlacter, Gail Ann. 1993. Directory of Financial Aids for Minorities and Directory of Financial Aids for Women, by 1993-95 edition, Reference Service Press, 1100 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA 94070.
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Schlacter, Gail Ann, and Sandra E. Goldstein. Directory of Financial Aids for Minorities 1991-93. Reference Service Press, 1100 Industrial Road, Suite #9, San Carlos, CA, 600 pages. [2,000 scholarships, fellowships, grants, and loans for minority predoctoral and postdoctoral students].
Schlacter, Gail Ann, and David R. Weber. Financial Aid for Veterans, Military Personnel and Their Dependents 1992-94. Reference Service Press, San Carlos, CA, 300 pages. [Includes 600 or more domestic and international fellowships for predoctoral and postdoctoral students who are either veterans, military personnel, or dependents thereof].
Schlacter, Gail Ann, and David R. Weber. Financial Aid for the Disabled and Their Families 1992-1994. Reference Service Press, San Carlos, CA 94070, 1992, 310 pages. [Domestic and international fellowships for predoctoral and postdoctoral students].
Schlacter, Gail Ann. 1987. How to Find Out About Financial Aid: A Guide to Over 700 Directories listing Scholarships, Fellowships, Loans, Grants, Awards, Internships. Reference Service Press, San Carlos, CA, 1st edition, 334 pages. [Directories for domestic and international support organized by disciplines and target populations].
Schlacter, Gail Ann. 1991. Directory of Financial Aids for Women 1991/92. Reference Service Press. San Carlos, CA, 478 pages. [Includes more than 1,000 scholarships, fellowships, loans, and internships for female predoctoral and postdoctoral students].
Schumacher, Dorin. 1992. Get Funded: A Practical Guide for Scholars Seeking Research Support from Business. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA. [For university researchers seeking funding from businesses].
Schwartz, John, and The College Research Group of Concord MA. 1991. College Financial Aid. Prentice Hall, New York, 4th edition, 508 pages.
Singson, Karen P. 1992. The Awards Almanac: An International Guide to Career, Research, and Education Funds. St. James Press, Chicago, IL.
Smith, Craig A., and Anita Jay. 1990. The Saturday morning planner, College funding guide. Blue Sky Pubs., Noblesville, IN. $14.95.
Stanford University. AWARDS Database. Stanford University, Undergraduate Advising Center. [More than 3,500 listings of scholarships and fellowships].
Steen, Sarah. 1992. Academic Year Abroad 1992/93. Institute of International Education, New York. [Over 2,000 academic programs for undergraduate and graduate students].
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Taft Group. 1991. Corporate Giving Directories. The Taft Group, Rockville, MD, Major American philanthropic foundations.
American Legion Educational & Scholarship Professionals. Need A Lift? To Educational Opportunities, Careers, Loans, Scholarships, and Employment. ALES; Indianapolis, IN, 43rd edition, 126 pages. [Scholarships, fellowships and loans for undergraduate and graduate students. Extensive annotated bibliography].
Tripp, Aili Mari. 1991. A directory of fellowships, scholarships and grants available in the U.S. to African women students and scholars. Women's Studies Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 21 pages.
Trzyna, T.C., and R. Childers 1992. World Directory of Environmental Organizations. 4th edition. California Institute of Public Affairs, Sierra Club, and IUCN.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S. Forest Service), Office of International Cooperation and Development, and U.S. Agency for International Development. 1990. Profiles of U.S.A. Natural Resource Schools. International Programs at National Association of Professional Forestry Schools and Colleges (NAPFSC) Member Institutions. A Report by the Forestry Support Program (FSP), 232 p.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S. Forest Service), and U.S. Agency for International Development. 1992. Forestry Support Program. Report to the U.S. Agency for International Development. Washington, DC.
U.S. Department of Education. 1993. The Student Guide: Financial Aid from the U.S. Department of Education, 1993-94. Consumer Information Center, Department 520Z, Pueblo, CO 81009, [Free annual].
U.S. Department of Education. Higher Education Opportunities for Minorities and Women, Annotated Selections, U.S. Department of Education. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). 1992. Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. Executive Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC. [Descriptions of more than 1,200 domestic fellowships, scholarships, and traineeships and assistance programs administered by 51 Federal agencies].
UNESCO. 1991. Study Abroad: Etudes à L'étranger, Estudios en el Extranjero. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France, 27th edition.
UNIPUB. 1992. Study Abroad 1992-1993. UNIPUB, 27th edition, 1,350 pages. $24.00.
University of Illinois. IRIS Database of Sponsored Opportunities. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Research Services Office. [Listing more than 4,000 opportunities for postdoctoral students and faculty].
Watkins, Linda, and Jessie Ramey. 1990. Fellowship guide for students of color and women 1990-1991. Carnegie Melon University.
Weeg, Carol, Ellen Stern, and Jim Bauer. 1989. Funding for U.S. Study. Institute of International Education, U.S. Student Programs, 809 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 100173580, (212) 984-5330, (212) 883-8200. [Listings of more than 600 funding sources for international students studying in the U.S. (predoctoral students, postdoctoral students, and faculty)].
Wells, John H., and Amy J. Goldstein. 1992. Grants For Graduate Study 1992/93. Peterson's Guides, Princeton, NJ, 3rd edition, 365 pages. [Based upon a data base of the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst].
Wells, John H., and Amy J. Goldstein. 1992. Grants For Postdoctoral Study 1992/93. Peterson's Guides, Princeton, NJ, 365 pages.
White, Sharon F., and Ruth N. Swann. 1991. Financial Aid for Minorities in Engineering and Science. Garrett Park Press, P.O. Box 190, Garrett Park, MD 20896, (301) 946-2553, 70 pages.
Williams, Lisa. 1993. The Grants Register 1993-95. St. Martin's Press, New York. $89.95. [Biennial publication covering domestic and international fellowships and grants for predoctoral, postdoctoral students, and faculty].
Wilson, W. K., and B. L. Wilson. 1992. Directory of Research Grants 1992. Oryx Press, 4041 N. Central, Suite 700, Phoenix, AZ.
Young, William C. 1991. Higher Education Opportunities for Minorities and Women,Annotated Selections. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, 143 pages. $8.00.
Salud y éxitos
Joel